Ⅰ—Ⅱ复合型有限宽平板剩余强度分析的工程方法

本文依据线弹性力学原理,用复变函数法求得在拉伸载荷下有限宽平板斜裂纹问题的K_Ⅰ和K_Ⅱ,并采用最大剪应变判据((d~2ε_θ)/(dθ~2)<0及(ε_θ)max与K_R相应),求得裂纹扩展角及当量Ⅰ型应力强度因子K_((?)q),再用能量准则求得失稳时的临界应力及裂纹容限.用此方法对几种初始角的几何斜裂纹有限宽平板的剩余强度作了计算,计算结果与有关文献中的数据和试验值相比,开裂角、临界应力及裂纹容限的误差均满足工程要求(2～7％).为进行二维薄壁结构的损伤容限设计,本文提供了剩余强度分析的工程方法及计算程序.     

基于数字散斑相关方法测定Ⅰ型裂纹应力强度因子

提出了一种通过数字散斑相关方法测定金属材料Ⅰ型裂纹尖端位置和应力强度因子的实验方法.实验采用疲劳试验机对含Ⅰ型缺口的Cr12MoV钢试件预制裂纹,通过数字散斑相关方法测试试件在三点弯曲加载条件下裂纹的扩展过程及裂尖区域的位移场.将位移场数据代入裂尖位移场方程组,采用牛顿-拉普森方法求解含未知参量的裂尖非线性位移场方程组,计算裂尖位置和应力强度因子.实验结果表明,采用该方法可以准确地测定金属材料Ⅰ型裂纹应力强度因子、裂尖位置及裂纹扩展长度,解决了以往研究中因不能准确测定裂纹尖端位置,而无法准确计算Ⅰ型裂纹裂尖断裂参数的难题,揭示了金属材料裂纹扩展过程中应力强度因子演化特征.     

焦散线法对双折射材料断裂性能的研究

提出了双折射材料Ⅰ-Ⅱ混合型裂纹问题焦散线的形成原理,讨论了μ(=K_I/K_I)及光学各向异性系数ξ对焦散线形状及其几个特征量的影响,得到了双折射材料应力强度因子K_Ⅰ、K_Ⅱ的求法.以聚碳酸脂、环氧树脂为例,确定了它们在不同裂纹及不同载荷条件下的应力强度因子K_Ⅰ、K_Ⅱ.     

弹塑性Ⅰ型裂纹端三维应力应变场的结构分析

本文从分析弹塑性力学的基本方程人手,探讨了幂硬化材料I型裂纹端三维应力应变场的结构,结果表明,按其应力特征,裂纹端沿厚度方向可划分为三个区域:ZⅠ,ZⅡ和ZⅢ,在区域ZⅠ,垂直于Z轴(厚度方向)的平面内应力分量可首先用平面应变条件下的基本方程求解,在区域ZⅢ,这些分量可首先用平面应力条件下的基本方程求解.本文定义区域ZⅡ为弹塑性Ⅰ型裂纹的过渡层,指出,过渡层是弹塑性Ⅰ型裂纹三维应力应变场的特性所在.对揭示其本质有特殊重要的意义.本文选择裂纹端张开位移(CTOD)作为描述局部解幅值系数的参数,并探讨了三维变形状态下,CTOD的分布规律.     

考虑横向剪切变形时含裂纹平板的渐近分析

本文用文[1]的渐近分析方法,研究了考虑横向剪切变形的含裂纹平板的应力状态和应力强度因子的渐近解.在Reissner 平板理论的范围内,将含裂纹平板的应力状态分解为外场区(Ⅰ区)、Reissner 边界效应区(Ⅱ区)和裂纹尖端附近的奇异性区(Ⅲ区)等基本应力状态.用特征分析方法,导出了裂纹尖端区的应力——位移场;并提出了两种匹配展开的渐近求解方案:对载荷对称情况,用逐区匹配求解的方法求得了当小参数趋近于零时,含裂纹平板的应力场与位移场的渐近解和应力强度因子的一般积分表达式;并证明当小参数趋近于零时,对应于对称型(Ⅰ型)、反对称型(Ⅱ型)的应力强度因子K_1~R、K_2~R 和按古典平板理论提法下的应力强度因子K_1~c、K_2~c 之间存在简单的解析关系:K_1~R=((1 v)/(3 v))K_1~c,K_2~R=K_2~c在此基础上,讨论了含裂纹平板应力状态的特征和简化计算的方法.     

计算St.Venant扭转时K_Ⅱ的任意高阶奇应变单元

Wilson W.K.提出的高阶奇应变圆单元(SSC)把有限单元法和裂纹尖端附近的线弹性解析解结合起来,能够成功地计算应力强度因子K_Ⅰ或K_Ⅱ.Holston A.Jr.进一步用奇应变单元来计算混合型应力强度因子K_Ⅰ K_Ⅲ。至于用奇应变单元来计算应力强度因子K_Ⅲ,原则上也是类同的,Hilton P.D.有过介绍。郑州机械研究所曾用来计算转子受扭时内孔的径向裂纹的K_Ⅲ。但是他们所     

THE STRESS FIELD AT MODE I CRACK TIP ON STEEL PIPE UNDER AXIAL TENSION

采用弹性断裂力学Westergaard 的方法,分析在轴向拉伸载荷作用下钢管的Ⅰ型裂纹尖端处的应力场. 基于Ⅰ型裂纹钢管应力场的特征,设定尖端处的应力艾雷函数,给出其应力场模型边界条件和应力场的解析函数,并利用裂纹尖端处的切平面研究裂纹尖端局部应力场,建立了钢管裂纹尖端应力场模型. 通过钢管与平板Ⅰ型裂纹应力场模型的对比,结果表明二者明显不同,钢管裂纹尖端处应力峰值影响范围仅与裂纹长度、拉应力相关.     

两个含有任意裂纹或缺陷的半无限平面加筋对接结构的应力强度因子

本文研究两种不同介质、不同厚度、分别带一个任意尺寸、方位的裂纹及椭圆孔的加筋结构受单向拉伸的问题.利用复变函数的罗朗展开,Fourier变换以及摄动方法,最后以幂级数形式给出裂纹尖端的Ⅰ、Ⅱ型应力强度因子的计算公式.对一些实例给出数值计算的图表,这些结果扩充了“应力强度因子手册”的工作.     

脆性损伤材料裂纹尖端的局部解

本文利用Mazars和Lemaitre提出的混凝土脆性损伤模型,求得了裂纹尖端应力、应变及损伤的局部解.对手Ⅲ型及不可压缩平面应变Ⅰ型裂纹,其尖端场的构造和理想塑性材料相类似.指出由于丧失了应力全连续条件,从而损伤边界不能由局部解定出.     

含表面半椭圆裂纹板裂纹尖端应力强度因子的三维光弹分析

本文用三维光弹法得到了含表面半椭圆裂纹板拉伸载荷下应力强度因子 K_Ⅰ沿整个裂纹前缘的分布及由不同裂纹深度引起的有限厚度效应,得到的实验结果与理论结果进行了比较和分析,并对角点上的奇异性进行了定性分析.     

Reproducibility and reliability of the response from four SPATE systems

The SPATE (stress pattern analysis by thermal emissions) system is currently the standard equipment for thermoelastic stress analysis (TSA). A carefully designed test program that studied the behavior of four independent SPATE systems over an 8-month period is described. The response of each system is compared with the response of the other systems in the study.     

DYNAMIC STRESS ANALYSIS OF GAS TURBINE ROTOR AIRFOILS USING THERMOELASTIC TECHNIQUES

The SPATE system provided a means for experimental ther-moelastic analysis of high frequency modes of vibration of a complicated turbine impeller which did not facilitate analysis with conventional methods due to low stress response and high modal density.
Testing also demonstrated a unique experimental stress analysis technique which was applied to a blade and vane airfoil and exhibited excellent stress distribution correlation with an established experimental technique (brittle lacquer) and with analytical stress distributions predicted by NASTRAN.
Full field dynamic stress analysis of gas turbine compressor airfoils accomplished using thermoelastic techniques provided an efficient method of determining optimum strain gage locations for monitoring rig and engine vibratory stress.
Significant cost savings could be realized using this technique from: (1) reduction in the amount of instrumentation required to characterize airfoil dynamic behavior and (2) increased vibratory response mode coverage thereby preventing the re-running of engine test programs to measure vibratory stress response levels of unexpected resonances encountered during initial engine testing.
Care is required when using SPATE results for vibratory modes resulting in high bi-axial stress distributions since the system output indicated stress magnitudes based on the sum of the principal stresses which could be significantly higher than either of the individual principal stresses.     

Performance of the FAST system for stress analysis

A state-of-the-art thermographic system has been developed based on a 512×512 focal-plane array thermal imager. The system was primarily designed to perform stress analysis, but has applications in other areas where small cyclic temperature variations are encountered. A detailed analysis of its performance relative to an existing equipment (SPATE) revealed that, at least for low frequency applications, the proposed system out performs SPATE by some two to three orders of magnitude such that high-resolution area scans can now be achieved in minutes instead of hours. It is suggested that higher frequency applications (i.e., order of 10² Hz) can be achieved with more up-to-date imagers.Permission has been granted toExperimental Mechanics to publish this paper on a nonexclusive one-time basis only. This agreement is subject to the Commonwealth of Australia retaining Copyright of the paper, the author and source of the paper has been acknowledged. No meaningful changes have been made to the article without the prior consent of the author.     

Thermographic stress analysis of composite materials

Several critical aspects of stress measurements in composite materials by thermographic stress analysis (TSA; also SPATE method) have been investigated. The emphasis is on the observed effects of thermal-expansion coefficients with positive and negative signs, thickness of surface coating, and absolute temperature increases in the material due to cyclic loading. Heat transfer and mean stress effects are also discussed.     

‘SPATE’ stress studies of plates and rings under in-plane loading

In this paper, a new experimental, computercontrolled, stress-analysis technique (SPATE) based on the measurement of infrared emissions from the surface of a cyclically loaded body, has been used to study the stress distributions in rectangular steel plates and circular rings under cyclic in-plane loading. A typical test procedure for quantitative stress measurement is described. The effects of surface obliquity and the thickness of the paint coating applied to the specimen surface on the received signal are described and discussed. Results are given for three series of test specimens and compared quantitatively with relevant theoretical solutions. Attention is drawn to the changes in the received signal as the applied load range increases beyond the elastic limit of the material. A new application of the technique to the determination of the stress-intensity factor in acracked body is also illustrated. Paper was presented at the 1985 SEM Spring Conference on Experimental Mechanics held in Las Vegas, NV on June 9–14     

METHOD TO CALCULATE STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR OF V-NOTCH IN BI-MATERIALS

Based on Zak＇s stress function, the eigen-equation of stress singularity ofbi-materials with a V-notch was obtained. A new definition of stress intensity factor for a perpendicular interfacial V-notch of bi-material was put forward. The effects of shear modulus and Poisson＇s ratio of the matrix material and attaching material on eigen-values were analyzed. A generalized expression for calculating/（i of the perpendicular V-notch of bi-materials was obtained by means of stress extrapolation. Effects of notch depth, notch angle and Poisson＇s ratio of materials on the singular stress field near the tip of the V-notch were analyzed systematically with numerical simulations. As an example, a finite plate with double edge notches under uniaxial uniform tension was calculated by the method presented and the influence of the notch angle and Poisson＇s ratio on the stress singularity near the tip of notch was obtained.     

热辐射应力图像分析确定裂纹尖端塑性区

本文借助于热辐应力图像分析技术记录了铝质紧养伤拉伸试件的热辐射应力图像。根据裂尖周围温度变化曲线的分布规律确定其特征区的,从而得以裂尖塑性区的开头曲线,并与理论值比较,符合良好。对裂纹扩展面进行ＳＥＭ分析,得出该试件的断裂特性,对于进行细观损伤研究有重要的意义。     

A novel impact three-point bend test method for determining dynamic fracture-initiation toughness

A novel impact three-point bend test method has been developed for determining the dynamic fracture-initiation toughness,K _Id, over the range of loading rates . The split-Hopkinson pressure-bar technique is used to measure dynamic loads applied to a bend specimen with a fatigue precrack. The stress-intensity-factor histories for the bend specimen are evaluated by means of a dynamic finite-element technique and the standard formula (ASTM E 399-83) based on the measured dynamic loads. The time of crack initiation is determined using a strain gage mounted near a crack tip. The results for 7075-T6 aluminum alloy and Ti−6A1−2Sn−4Zr−6Mo alloy indicate that the reliableK _Id data can only be obtained by evaluation procedures which take the inertial effects into account. It is shown that the novel impact bend test method in conjunction with dynamic finite-element analysis provides an effective means of characterizing the dynamic fracture-toughness parameterK _Id.