On the equivalence between sine-Gordon model and Thirring model in the chirally broken phase of the Thirring model

We investigate the equivalence between Thirring model and sine-Gordon model in the chirally broken phase of the Thirring model. This is unlike all other available approaches where the fermion fields of the Thirring model were quantized in the chiral symmetric phase. In the path integral approach we show that the bosonized version of the massless Thirring model is described by a quantum field theory of a massless scalar field and exactly solvable, and the massive Thirring model bosonizes to the sine-Gordon model with a new relation between the coupling constants. We show that the non-perturbative vacuum of the chirally broken phase in the massless Thirring model can be described in complete analogy with the BCS ground state of superconductivity. The Mermin–Wagner theorem and Coleman's statement concerning the absence of Goldstone bosons in the 1+1-dimensional quantum field theories are discussed. We investigate the current algebra in the massless Thirring model and give a new value of the Schwinger term. We show that the topological current in the sine-Gordon model coincides with the Noether current responsible for the conservation of the fermion number in the Thirring model. This allows one to identify the topological charge in the sine-Gordon model with the fermion number. Received: 16 December 2000 / Revised version: 23 April 2001 / Published online: 13 June 2001     

Finite-element lattice fermions in perturbation theory

A lattice Thirring model is defined using a finite-element differencing scheme. The momentum-space propagator is calculated to second order in the coupling, and it is shown that the form of the ultraviolet divergence as the lattice spacing is taken to zero is identical to that found in continuum perturbation theory. This provides further evidence for the absence of fermion species-doubling present in most other lattice formulations.     

A local and integrable lattice regularization of the massive Thirring model

The light-cone lattice approach to the massive Thirring model is reformulated using a local and integrable lattice hamiltonian written in terms of discrete Fermi fields. Several subtle points concerning boundary conditions, normal ordering, continuum limit, finite renormalizations and decoupling of fermion doublers are elucidated. The relations connecting the six-vertex anisotropy and the various coupling constants of the continuum are analyzed in detail.     

Phase transitions in quantum field theory. I. Phases of the Thirring model

In this series of papers we exhibit and analyse phase transitions in quantum field theory. In this paper we consider the Thirring model. We show that when the interaction becomes sufficiently attractive there is a transition to a vacuum that is ‘dead” in the sense there are no finite energy excitations. Nevertheless the corresponding continuum Green's functions exist. We make this demonstration precise by considering the model on a lattice and constructing the continuum limit explicitly on either side of the critical point. For this we extensively use the connection between the $\text{spin}\text{-}\text{1}\text{2}$x-y-z chain and the lattice model. We also show a new continuum theory with four fermion interactions exists in 1 + 1 dimensions. This theory corresponds to taking the continuum limit of the spin chain in absence of any external magnetic field. Its Hamiltonian differs from that of the Thirring model by addition of fermion number operator with an infinite coefficient and is not renormalizable in the conventional sense. It has more interesting critical properties and a different spectrum.     

Interacting fermions on a random lattice

We extend previous work on the properties of the Dirac lagrangian on two-dimensional random lattices to the case where interaction terms are included. Although for free fermions the chiral symmetry of the doubles is spontaneously broken by their interaction with the lattice and they decouple from long-distance physics, our results in this paper show that all is undone by quantum corrections in an interacting field theory and that the end result is very similar to what is found with Wilson fermions. Two field-theoretical models with interacting fermions are studied by perturbation expansion in the field theory coupling constant. These are a model with one fermion and one boson species interacting via a scalar Yukawa coupling and the massive Thirring model. It is shown that on the random lattice ultraviolet finite diagrams and finite parts of ultraviolet divergent diagrams have the correct continuum limit. Ultraviolet divergent parts can be removed by the same renormalisation procedure as in the continuum, but do not exhibit the same dependence on the lagrangian mass. In the case of the massive Thirring model this causes a fermion mass correction of order the cut-off scale, which breaks the chiral symmetry of the remaining light fermion; there is consequently a fine-tuning problem. In the context of the same model we discuss the effect of the Goldstone boson associated with the spontaneous breakdown of the chiral symmetry of the doubles on two-dimensional models with vector couplings.     

Anomalous discrete chiral symmetry in the Gross–Neveu model and loop gas simulations

We investigate the discrete chiral transformation of a Majorana fermion on a torus. Depending on the boundary conditions the integration measure can change sign. Taking this anomalous behavior into account we define a chiral order parameter as a ratio of partition functions with differing boundary conditions. Then the lattice realization of the Gross–Neveu model with Wilson fermions is simulated using the recent ‘worm’ technique on the loop gas or all-order hopping representation of the fermions. An algorithm is formulated that includes the Gross–Neveu interaction for N fermion species. The critical line m_c(g) is constructed for a range of couplings at N=6 and for N=2, the Thirring model, as examples.     

Form factors of soliton-creating operators in the sine-Gordon model

We propose explicit expressions for the form factors, including their normalization constants, of topologically charged (or soliton-creating) operators in the sine-Gordon model. The normalization constants, which constitute the main content of our proposal, allow one to find exact relations between the short- and long-distance asymptotics of the correlation functions. We make predictions concerning asymptotics of fermion correlation functions in the massive Thirring model, SU(2)–Thirring model with anisotropy, and in the half-filled Hubbard chain.     

Strong coupling expansion in the massive Thirring model

A strong coupling expansion of the Green functions in the massive Thirring model is formulated. Expressions obtained for the fundamental fermion mass and theβ function agree with the known qualitative features of these physical quantities.     

Nonlocal Thirring model with spin flipping interactions

We extend a nonlocal and noncovariant version of the Thirring model in order to describe a many-body system with spin-flipping interactions. By introducing a model with two fermion species we are able to avoid the use of nonabelian bosonization which is needed in a previous approach. We obtain a bosonized expression for the partition function, describing the dynamics of the collective modes of this system. By using the self-consistent harmonic approximation we found a formula for the gap of the spin-charge excitations as functional of arbitrary electron–electron potentials.     

SU(2) Lattice Gauge Theory Formulation of the (2+1)-Dimensional Antiferromagnetic Heisenberg Model

The equivalence of 2+1 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model and the SU(2) Kogut Susskind lattice gauge theory is recapitulated and the naive Euclidean lattice action of the threedimensional an tiferromagnetic Heisen berg model is derived. The three-dimensional lattice gauge fermion theory is formulated to give the consistent lattice gauge theory of antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model. In continu um limit the two copies of two flavor fermions are resulted, which give the negative results of the microscopic derivation of the Chern-Simons terms. The Chern-Simons terms, the gauge invariant problem of effective action and the '%hiralityn are discussed.     

Dynamical charges in the quantized renormalized massive Thirring model

Within Luther's approach to the quantization of the massive Thirring model we construct infinitely many commuting local, conserved charges for the lattice theory. The values of these charges on soliton, antisoliton and breather states are calculated exactly. Scattering processes for these particles are discussed and it is shown that there is no particle production in the lattice nor in the renormalized continuum massive Thirring model.     

Integration of the thirring model equations

It is demonstrated that an exact solution for the Thirring massless model in the canonical quantization scheme follows from its Heisenberg equations in the method of dynamic mapping and the presence of unitary nonequivalent representations of the Dirac massless field.     

Non-equivalence between Heisenberg XXZ spin chain and Thirring model

The Bethe ansatz equations for the spin 1/2 Heisenberg XXZ spin chain are numerically solved, and the energy eigenvalues are determined for the antiferromagnetic case. We examine the relation between the XXZ spin chain and the massless Thirring model, and show that the spectrum of the XXZ spin chain has a gapless excitation while the regularized Thirring model calculated with the Bogoliubov transformation method has a finite gap. This finite gap spectrum is also confirmed by the Bethe ansatz solution of the massless Thirring model.Received: 28 October 2004, Published online: 21 January 2005PACS: 10.Kk, 03.70. + k, 11.30.-j, 11.30.Rd     

Thirring model partition functions and harmonic differentials

The partition function of the Thirring model on a Riemann surface is calculated using the representation of the model as a fermion interacting with an auxiliary vector potential. The Hodge decomposition of the potential is used and the integral over the harmonic forms is shown to reproduce exactly the soliton sum in the bosonic version of the theory.     

Commensurate-incommensurate phase transition in one-dimensional quantum sine-Gordon model based on a lattice massive thirring model

The commensurate-incommensurate (C-IC) phase transition in the one dimensional quantum sine-Gordon model at zero temperature is exactly solved with the use of the Bethe ansatz technique for the lattice massive Thirring model. The energy difference between C and IC phases is derived based on the same ground state which is valid in the whole parameter region. It is due to the fact that there is no change in the ground state of the lattice massive Thirring model even in the strongly repulsive region in contrast to the continuum massive Thirring model even in the strongly repulsive region in contrast to the continuum massive Thirring model. It is proved in the whole parameter region that the IC phase can be realized with the soliton density proportional to (E _s : formation energy of soliton), whenE _s becomes negative.     

A schematic model for monopole and quadrupole pairing in nuclei

A schematic Hamiltonian with a pairing interaction plus a quadrupole-quadrupole interaction between nucleons is presented. It is shown that all the states of the fermion system can be classified according to the number of nucleons u not coupled to coherent monopole or quadrupole pairs. The states with u = 0 are shown to have a one-to-one correspondence to the states of the interacting boson model. The spectra for these states are derived analytically for various limits of the pairing strength and the quadrupole strength. Analytical forms for the matrix elements of operators are derived for these limits. The operators in fermion space are mapped onto boson operators. The matrix elements of operators in the fermion space are shown to be equal to matrix elements of the boson operators multiplied by analytical Pauli factors which are state dependent. The two-nucleon transfer strength is calculated in two limits and is compared to experimental values.     

The massless Thirring model: Positivity of Klaiber'sn-point functions

We present a simple solution to the problem of proving positivity of Klaiber'sn-point functions for the massless Thirring model. The corresponding fields are obtained as strong limits of explicitly given approximate fields, obviating reconstruction. By invoking recent results on the boson-fermion correspondence it is shown how the model can be formulated on the charged fermion Fock space. It is pointed out that the question of cyclicity of the vacuum is open, and that an affirmative answer is necessary to confirm the superselection sector picture of the model.     

Pseudo-Hamiltonians for the Potts model at the critical point

The diagonal transfer matrix of the 2-dimensional, q-component Potts model on a square lattice is shown to commute with a linear operator at the critical point. In the 4-component model the linear operator is equivalent to the linear Heisenberg chain.     

The XXZ Heisenberg model on random surfaces

We consider integrable models, or in general any model defined by an R-matrix, on random surfaces, which are discretized using random Manhattan lattices. The set of random Manhattan lattices is defined as the set dual to the lattice random surfaces embedded on a regular d-dimensional lattice. They can also be associated with the random graphs of multiparticle scattering nodes. As an example we formulate a random matrix model where the partition function reproduces the annealed average of the XXZ Heisenberg model over all random Manhattan lattices. A technique is presented which reduces the random matrix integration in partition function to an integration over their eigenvalues.