甲醇溶液辉光放电等离子体电解

甲醇溶液辉光放电等离子体电解过程出现明显的非法拉第定律现象, 主要产物是氢气和甲醛, 还有少量一氧化碳、甲烷、乙烷、丙烷、1,3,5-三噁烷和水等, 产物和产量受放电极性和辅助电解质及放电电压等因素的影响. 在甲醇溶液电导率为11.40 mS·cm-1, 放电电压700 V 条件下, 阳极气体产量为55.90 mol/(mol electrons), 阴极气体产量为707.90 mol/(mol electrons), 阴极气体产量是阳极气体产量的12.66 倍, 气相产物中氢气含量在86%(molar fraction)以上. 在等离子体层中甲醇分解过程和其它类型的等离子体分解过程类似, 蒸汽鞘层中的加速电子是引发辉光放电过程非法拉第定律现象的决定因素. 阴极辉光放电过程中等离子体-溶液界面上的主要活性物种是中性粒子和电子,阳极辉光放电过程中等离子体鄄溶液界面上的主要活性物种是中性粒子和正离子. 辅助电解质对产物的影响主要是通过影响界面上发生的后续反应过程来表现.     

活性炭和H2O2存在下辉光放电等离子体降解邻苯二胺

活性炭和H2O2存在下辉光放电等离子体降解邻苯二胺;辉光放电等离子体;降解;邻苯二胺;废水处理     

微波等离子体增强辉光放电光源激发温度的研究

研究了一种改进型的微波等离子体增强辉光放电光源在光谱分析中的应用，对其重要的参数指标－激发温度进行了较为较细的考察。结果表明引入微波等离子体后辉光放电的激发温度明显高于单纯辉光放电时的激发温度。     

辉光放电等离子体对聚丙烯纤维的表面改性

在对电晕、介质阻挡放电、γ射线辐射接枝对化纤改性的简要介绍基础上，重点论述了辉光放电等离子体对聚丙烯纤维的改性。并按等离子体技术的发展过程，对低压和常压辉光放电等离子体对聚丙烯纤维与织物改性的特点、原理及发展前景进行了扼要综述，指出常压辉光放电等离子体是一种很有潜力的表面改性技术。     

超声波辐照和臭氧氧化协同降解废水中的结晶紫

采用超声波辐照、臭氧氧化以及超声波辐照-臭氧氧化降解废水中的结晶紫;考察了废水初始pH、超声波功率和频率、氧气流量、反应温度等因素对降解效率的影响.结果表明:超声波和臭氧对结晶紫的降解具有协同作用;当废水溶液初始质量浓度为200mg.L-1、pH为10.0时,控制超声波功率和频率分别为100 W和30kHz,氧气流量为0.4L.min-1,反应温度为25℃,反应时间为90 min,则总有机碳(TOC)的去除率可达89.2%,相应的一级反应速率常数为2.38×10-2min-1.     

用薄层色谱法分离结晶紫染料中杂质的研究

结晶紫是三苯甲烷染料中具有代表性的化合物。它有多方面的性能,例如,它是有机半导体化合物有机光导体的增感剂。也是电子共振理论的研究对象。近年来,关于萤光衰减和激光“烧洞”等方面的工作,都需用纯度很高的样品。关于用色谱法分析和分离的工作,已有一些报道。本文报道的是关于使用国产的硅胶粉,制     

声化学降解染料结晶紫的研究

采用频率为20 kHz的超声波降解阳离子染料结晶紫(CV)溶液,考察了溶液初始浓度、pH值、声能强度、时间、温度等因素对染料声化学降解过程的影响.实验结果表明,溶液初始浓度为30 mg/L、pH=8.0、声强=47.5 W/cm2、超声辐照50 m in,CV的脱色率达97.8%;CV的超声降解过程以高温热解反应为主,服从动力学一级反应;当超声/H2O2、超声/镁联合作用时,二者产生协同效应,溶液中产生大量OH自由基,强化了CV的声化学脱色和降解过程.     

辉光放电电解等离子体引发合成丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸共聚物水凝胶及其对阳离子染料的吸附性能

以丙烯酰胺（AM）和丙烯酸（AA）为单体、N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺（MBA）为交联剂,在水溶液中利用辉光放电电解等离子体（GDEP）引发,一步制得丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸共聚物（P（AM-co-AA））水凝胶。用红外光谱（FT-IR）、扫描电镜（SEM）和热重分析（TGA）对P（AM-co-AA）水凝胶的结构、形貌和稳定性进行了表征。考察了放电电压、放电时间、MBA质量含量、AM质量分数以及中和度对P（AM-co-AA）水凝胶吸附孔雀石绿（MG）的影响,同时探讨了引发机理。结果表明,水凝胶对MG的最大吸附量为864mg/g。     

微型辉光放电等离子体用于质谱成像分析的初步研究

本实验利用实验室自主研发的微型辉光放电等离子体(MFGDP)作为离子源解吸样品,使之离子化,得到样品的特征质谱图,经特定软件的转化即可得到对应的图像,图像表明,MFGDP用于质谱成像具有可行性.本方法具有装置简单、操作简易、等离子体羽低温、分析时间短(＜20 min)等优点,可同时定位样品中不同物质的空间分布.本研究探讨了影响质谱成像图清晰度的因素,优化了实验条件,在最优条件下,本方法的空间分辨率约300μm,对加有尿素的不同字迹进行初步质谱分析,并对冬枣切片中硬脂酸和槲皮素衍生物的空间分布做了影像探索.此技术可以根据化学物质的指纹图谱区分不同的字迹,也能够很好地获取样品中不同营养物质的分布状况,因此,为字画研究、艺术品鉴定、营养物质分布图的获取提供了一种新的方法.     

辉光放电电解等离子体处理制备铁基表面超疏水材料

利用辉光放电电解等离子体技术对铁基底表面进行活化,经硬脂酸修饰,得到铁基底超疏水性材料。 考察了放电电压、放电时间、Na2SO4浓度以及硬脂酸乙醇溶液浓度对铁基超疏水表面性能的影响。 用接触角仪、X射线光电子能谱、红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜测试技术对铁表面的浸润性、表面元素组成结构以及表面形貌进行了表征和分析。 结果表明,经修饰的铁基底表面具有良好的疏水性,其水接触角高达154°,滚动角小于5°,且具有良好的稳定性。     

Degradation of Organic Pollutants Using Atmospheric Pressure Glow Discharge Plasma

A method of plasma treatment in which a glow discharge was generated in the small gas gap between an electrode and a water surface was designed and employed in this study. By using this method, many active species were generated on the wastewater surface to degrade organic pollutants. The electric field distribution of the designed electrode model was simulated using the MAXWELL 3D^® simulation software, and the discharge parameters were measured to investigate the impact of design optimization. In addition, we designed an equipotential multi-electrode configuration to treat a methyl orange solution and an azobenzene solution. The experimental and simulation results indicate that the designed electrodes can realize glow discharge with a relatively low voltage and that the generated plasma covers a large area and is in a stable state. Accordingly, the method helped reduce the cost of the reactor and improved the effectiveness of wastewater treatment.     

Aqueous Diphenyl Degradation Induced by Plasma with Glow Discharge Electrolysis

The degradation of aqueous phase diphenyl induced by plasma that was locally generated between an electrolytic solution and an anode tip is investigated. Results indicated that the degradation rate can be greatly increased by increasing the applied voltage. Faster removal rate can be achieved for a relatively higher alkalinity or acidity. Fe²⁺ has an evident catalytic effect on the diphenyl elimination, while the presence of n‐butanol inhibited the degradation. The major intermediate products of the degradation process were identified by HPLC analysis and a degradation pathway was proposed.     

Novel Gas-liquid Hybrid Discharge Reactor for 4-CP Containing Wastewater Treatment

In order to improve 4-CP degradation efficiency, a novel gas-liquid hybrid discharge (HD) reactor was developed. Removal of 4-CP with spark-spark discharge (SSD) was higher than that with spark-corona discharge (SCD). Amount of H2O2 and O3 produced with SSD were larger than that with SCD. ·OH formation was increased by the combination of H2O2 and O3. The contribution of ·OH (38 % formed by O3 conversion) oxidation on removal of 4-CP accounted for nearly 60 %. The other effects of ultraviolet radiation, intense shock waves and pyrolysis, played partial roles in about 40 % of removal rate.     

Efficient Degradation of Nitrobenzene Induced by Glow Discharge Plasma in Aqueous Solution

The oxidative degradation of nitrobenzene (NB) induced by gaseous glow discharge plasma in contact with aqueous solution was investigated. The experimental results indicated that NB removal obeyed first-order kinetics under certain applied currents. The major degradation byproducts such as nitrophenols, phenol, 1,3-dinitrobenzene and carboxylic acids have been detected. The distribution of nitrophenols follows the order o- > p- > m- and oxalic, formic and acetic acids are major carboxylic intermediates. The eventual products were nitrate ion and carbon dioxide. During the treatment, a large amount of hydrogen peroxide was produced. Addition of ferrous or ferric ions into the solution greatly enhanced the degradation rate due to Fenton’s reaction. The energy efficiencies of NB removal and hydrogen peroxide formation were compared with those of other discharges. Hydroxyl radicals were shown to be the most likely species responsible for NB degradation     

H2O2氧化降解海藻酸钠

研究了清洁高效的氧化剂H2O2对海藻酸钠的降解,探讨了溶液pH值、反应温度、H2O2用量及金属离子浓度对降解速度的影响. 结果表明,随着溶液pH值的降低、反应温度的升高及H2O2用量的增加,降解速度加快. 当反应pH=5.3、反应温度50 ℃、H2O2用量0.5%时,反应2 h即可降低海藻酸钠的分子量. 4 mg/L的Cu2+或Fe2+可明显加快降解速度,反应30 min的粘度变化相当于不加Cu2+或Fe2+时300 min的变化. GPC结果表明,海藻酸钠被氧化降解后,分子量下降,分布变宽;FTIR显示降解前后海藻酸钠的糖环结构没有改变,主要是糖苷键的断裂.     

Oxidative Degradation of Aqueous Cresols Induced by Gaseous Plasma with Contact Glow Discharge Electrolysis

The oxidative degradation of cresols smoothly proceeded toward inorganic end products when a gaseous plasma generated by means of dc glow discharge was sustained in contact with the surface of aqueous solution containing organic compounds. In order to get mechanistic insight, the monohydroxylation products from each isomeric cresol were closely examined as primary intermediates to reveal that the aromatic hydroxylation preferentially occurred at the position para to the hydroxyl group of each starting material. It was also established that the degradation of cresols strictly followed the first-order rate law. On the basis of the orientational analysis and the kinetical consideration including the effects of Fe ions added on the reaction rate, it was concluded that hydroxyl radical, which might result from the homolytic cleavage of water molecules by the action of plasma, was the most likely reagent responsible for the mineralization of cresols.     

痕量H2O2的酶催化-阳离子表面活性剂缔合物微粒共振散射光谱测定

在醋酸盐缓冲溶液中, 辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)催化H2O2与过量的I－反应生成 , 分别与阳离子表面活性剂(CS) 十四烷基苄基二甲基氯化铵(TDMAC)、十二烷基苄基二甲基氯化铵(DDAC)、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)、十八烷基苄基二甲基氯化铵(ODAC)、氯代十六烷基吡啶(CPC)、氯代十二烷基吡啶(DPC)和四丁基碘化铵(TBAI)形成TDMAC-I3, DDAC-I3, CTAB-I3, ODAC-I3, CPC-I3, DPC-I3和TBAI-I3缔合物微粒. 该缔合物微粒均在460 nm处有一个较强的共振散射峰. H2O2浓度在0.17×10－7～173×10－7, 0.43×10－7～173×10－7, 1.73×10－7～259×10－7, 1.73×10－7～86.4×10－7, 1.73×10－7～216×10－7, 0.86×10－7～259×10－7和0.86×10－7～86.4×10－7 mol•L－1范围内分别与各体系在468 nm处的共振光谱强度呈线性关系, 其检出限分别为0.86×10－8, 2.2×10－8, 8.6×10－8, 4.6×10－8, 3.6×10－8, 4.3×10－8和4.4×10－8 mol•L－1. 本文将TDMAC体系用于过氧化氢测定, 结果满意.     

低温等离子体处理化工恶臭污染物硫化氢的研究

采用电晕放电低温等离子体处理模拟硫化氢恶臭气体,考察了输入功率、初始浓度、气体湿度、停留时间等因素对降解效果和能量效率的影响,同时对反应过程进行了动力学研究。研究表明：输入功率以及停留时间对硫化氢降解的影响是积极的,但能量效率随着两者的增加先增大后减小。硫化氢的降解率随着初始浓度的增加而降低,而能量效率随着初始浓度的增加而增加。在气体湿度增加初期,硫化氢降解率和能量效率均随着气体湿度的增加而增加,当气体湿度为50%时达到最大值,然而随着气体湿度的进一步增加,其降解率和能量效率反而降低。对电晕放电低温等离子体处理硫化氢的反应动力学进行了分析,得到硫化氢的反应速率常数为kH2S=0.356 8 m3/（W·h）。