薄膜生长的多重分形谱的计算

规则分形具有理想的标度不变性,而随机分形(如薄膜生长)概率分布曲线及标度不变性的范围与计算方法有关:以偏离平均高度的方差值求概率,标度不变性不好,多重分形谱也不光滑;而以薄膜平均底面为基准面求概率得到的标度不变性可延伸到3个数量级,多重分形谱光滑.采用外延的方法修正灰度设置的偏移可以对多重分形谱有所改善.另外,讨论了权重因子q取值范围的影响,确定了q的取值范围.     

多重分形降趋波动分析法和移动平均法的分形谱算法对比分析

多重分形降趋波动分析法(MFDFA)和多重分形降趋移动平均法(MFDMA)是用来估算一维随机分形信号多重分形谱的两种算法, 已被拓展应用于二维和高维分形信号的分析. 本文简要介绍了MFDFA和MFDMA算法及其在一维时间序列中的应用. 首次系统地从算法模型、计算统计精度、样本量的敏感性、无标度区选取的敏感性、矩选择的敏感性和计算量这六个方面对两种算法进行了对比分析, 以典型多重分形信号BMC信号为例, 分析两种算法的适用性和优劣性. 为实际应用中, 针对具体信号如何选用MFDFA或MFDMA算法, 以及两种算法的参数设置提供了有价值的参考.     

酞菁铜成膜特性的多重分形谱

运用多重分形理论,研究了酞菁铜颗粒的团聚生长成膜特性.研究表明薄膜生长是远离平衡态过程,在团聚生长中,颗粒分布有很大随机性,存在大范围的非均匀区域,这些区域具有多重分形特征.测试了酞菁铜对二氧化氮的气敏特性,结果表明通气前后,涂膜通道的频率有明显移动.     

ZnO薄膜原子力显微镜图像的多重分形谱

用原子力显微镜测定了Si衬底,未退火和退火ZnO薄膜的表面形貌,为了获得AFM图像的多重分形谱,比较了5种计算局域高度分布概率的方法(相对平均高度的方差、相对平均高度的绝对偏离、以粗糙表面最低点为基准面、以一定深度为基准面和以薄膜平均底面为基准面).发现前三种方法在小概率的子集起主要作用时不能很好地满足标度不变性,后两种方法则能很好地满足标度不变性,其范围可达三个数量级,并且可以对不同样品进行定量的比较. 关键词：     

激光大气闪烁的分形分析

 采用分形理论分析了激光大气闪烁的统计特征。研究结果表明：在弱起伏条件下，激光大气闪烁的分形维和奇异性随光强起伏的增强而增大，而其长期相关性则减小；不同Fresnel尺度下具有相同闪烁指数的激光大气闪烁的分形特征存在着明显的差别；在强起伏条件下，有限的数据中尚未发现分形维有饱和现象，因此可以用来描述激光大气闪烁的强度。     

激光大气闪烁的分形分析

采用分形理论分析了激光大气闪烁的统计特征。研究结果表明：在弱起伏条件下,激光大气闪烁的分形维和奇异性随光强起伏的增强而增大,而其长期相关性则减小;不同Fresnel尺度下具有相同闪烁指数的激光大气闪烁的分形特征存在着明显的差别;在强起伏条件下,有限的数据中尚未发现分形维有饱和现象,因此可以用来描述激光大气闪烁的强度。     

规则表面形貌的分形和多重分形描述

以6种具有典型特征的生成元构造了6个具有相同rms粗糙度的规则表面,用变分法计算了这些表面的分形维数,结果表明,分形维数可以将具有相同rms粗糙度的表面区分开来,它定量表征了表面的总体形貌。进一步将多重分形的方法应用到对这些表面的分析中,发现多重分形谱可以全面反映表面概率的分布特征。多重分形谱的宽度可以定量表征表面的起伏程度,多重分形谱最大、最小概率子集维数的差别可以统计表面最大、最小概率处的数目比例。 关键词： 粗糙度 分形维数 多重分形谱     

基于多重分形谱的高光谱数据特征提取

针对单一分形维数在高光谱数据处理中的不足,提出了一种基于多重分形谱的光谱信号奇异性特征提取方法,引入多重分形谱表征光谱曲线的奇异性特征.该方法根据分形测度将光谱曲线进行划分,用光谱概率测度计算配分函数,通过尺度指数的Legendre变换实现光谱曲线多重分形谱的提取,根据各类地物间的类别可分性准则Bhattacharyya距离选择有效特征,最后利用地物分类实验来验证该方法的有效性.实验结果表明,多重分形谱用于分类时分类精度达95.2%,当其维数为原数据波段数的10%时,总体分类精度仍可达82.2 %.多重分形谱表征了具有相同奇异性的波段子集的分形维数,准确的描述了光谱曲线的奇异性和分布特点,该方法能够有效地实现高光谱数据的特征提取.     

非晶Ni-Cu-P合金化学沉积过程的多重分形谱研究

用原子力显微镜测定了SiTiNPd基体,经不同沉积时间得到的非晶Ni13.1wt%Cu9.3wt%P薄膜的表面形貌,得到了AFM图像的多重分形谱.结果表明:随着沉积时间的增加,多重分形谱的宽度增加,Δf(Δf=f(αmin)-f(αmax))增大.说明沉积表面高度分布随着沉积时间的增加,不均匀性显著增加,镀层在水平和垂直方向生长并逐渐形成连续致密的镀层.这与对AFM图的观察是一致的 关键词： 多重分形谱 Ni-Cu-P合金 化学沉积 AFM图像     

Multifractal analysis of the UV/VIS spectra of malignant ascites: Confirmation of the diagnostic validity of a clinically evaluated spectral analysis

Multifractal (MF) approach was applied for the analysis of ultraviolet/visible (UV/VIS) spectra as an independent confirmation of the diagnostic efficacy of UV/VIS spectral analysis of intraperitoneal fluids, ascites, taken from patients with a known clinical diagnosis. Recently, it was reported that from UV/VIS spectra differentiation of malignant from benign ascites is possible. Here, it was shown that by using MF analysis of UV/VIS spectra, the objective classification of UV/VIS spectra is possible. The applicability of UV/VIS analysis and MF classification of spectra were evaluated on N=68 cases, of which M=64 and B=4 were clinically confirmed as malignant and benign, respectively. The overall diagnostic efficacy was 89.71% when using on-line analysis of UV/VIS spectra (61 out of 68 samples were positively recognized: 58 malignant and 3 benign), and even 95.59% by using off-line MF classsification (65 out of 68 samples were classified correctly: 63 malignant and 2 benign). It can be inferred that UV/VIS spectral analysis of ascites, combined with MF analysis, could be suggested as a successful and safe screening method in the evaluation of intraperitoneal fluids.     

Effect of dynamic fragmentation on biodiversity in a heterogeneous environment

We study how the mode of dynamic habitat loss and fragmentation can impact the levels of biodiversity in an ecosystem. The problem is formulated into the framework of resource-based modelling and, opposed to previous studies relying on neutral models, here elements of niche theory are incorporated into the modeling by considering that the species are not ecologically equivalent. In our model the habitat loss is carried out by using a fractal landscape that is constructed through the use of fractional Brownian motion. Thus we can tune the roughness of the landscape by changing the Hurst exponent. We show that both the mode of habitat loss and the level of environmental heterogeneity influence the patterns of species distribution. We notice a larger impact of fragmentation on the number of species when the fragments are more compact. We observe that the relationship between biodiversity and heterogeneity is described by a one-humped function.     

Development of a spectral method for determining the qualitative characteristics of petroleum products

We carried out investigations to refine the spectrophotometric method of determining the qualitative characteristics of petroleum products. Particular attention was given to the development of an algorithm for processing spectral data which would be stable to changes in the temperature of the sample. We present the results of measurements of 50 reference unleaded gasolines. The uncertainty of the method does not exceed 0.5 oct. units. A. N. Sevchenko Scientific-Research Institute of Applied Physical Problems, 7, Kurchatov Str., 220064, Minsk, Belarus. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 66, No. 2, pp. 255–258, March–April, 1999.     

Long-term correlations and multifractal nature in the intertrade durations of a liquid Chinese stock and its warrant

The intertrade duration of equities is an important financial measure, characterizing trading activities; it is defined as the waiting time between successive trades of an equity. Using the ultrahigh-frequency data of a liquid Chinese stock and its associated warrant, we perform a comparative investigation of the statistical properties of their intertrade duration time series. The distributions of the two equities can be better described by the shifted power-law form than the Weibull form, and their scaled distributions do not collapse onto a single curve. Although the intertrade durations of the two equities have very different magnitude, their intraday patterns exhibit very similar shapes. Both detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) and detrending moving average analysis (DMA) show that the 1 min intertrade duration time series of the two equities are strongly correlated. In addition, both multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MFDFA) and multifractal detrending moving average analysis (MFDMA) unveil that the 1 min intertrade durations possess multifractal nature. However, the difference between the two singularity spectra of the two equities obtained from the MFDMA is much smaller than that from the MFDFA.     

Qualitative features of the rearrangement of molecular energy spectra from a “wall-crossing” perspective

Qualitatively different systems of molecular energy bands are studied on example of a parametric family of effective Hamiltonians describing rotational structure of triply degenerate vibrational state of a cubic symmetry molecule. The modification of band structure under variation of control parameters is associated with a topological invariant “delta-Chern”. This invariant is evaluated by using a local Hamiltonian for the control parameter values assigned at the boundary between adjacent parameter domains which correspond to qualitatively different band structures.     

Assessing the quantitative reliability of solid-state 13C NMR spectra of kerogens across a gradient of thermal maturity

Five type II kerogens, shown by elemental analysis and Rock-Eval pyrolysis to represent a gradient of thermal maturity, were further characterized using a range of solid-state ¹³C NMR spectroscopic techniques. ¹³C cross polarization (CP) NMR spectra of the kerogens confirmed the well-established pattern of increasing aromaticity with increasing thermal maturity. Spin counting showed that CP observability was around 50% for the immature kerogens, and only 14–25% for the mature kerogens. Spin counting also showed that the direct polarization (DP) observabilities were >80% for all but one of the kerogens. Despite the large differences in observability between the two techniques, aromaticities derived from corresponding CP and DP spectra differed by only 1–15%. The RESTORE technique showed that the low CP observability of the immature kerogens was due mostly to rapid T_1ρH relaxation, whereas both rapid T_1ρH relaxation and slow polarization transfer contributed to the low CP observability of the mature kerogens.     

On the role of secondary interactions in the production of bremsstrahlung spectra from a thick target

Bremsstrahlung emission, or radiation loss, is the dominant mechanism of energy dissipation of electrons at relativistic energies greater than a few MeV when it is subjected to acceleration in the field of the nucleus or of the electrons. In this study, the Monte Carlo calculations for bremsstrahlung spectra have been described for the case of a thick tungsten target with incident electron beams from 10 to 50 MeV, where secondary interactions induced by the electrons and photons in the target, such as energy loss, absorption, scattering, and (e ⁺, e ⁻)-pair production effects, were taken into account. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

发动机圆形管道内噪声衰减谱模态分析

本文应用模态分析方法建立了剪切流存在条件下,发动机多段声衬圆形管道声传播工程计算模型,对管内各模态频谱和总噪声衰减频谱进行了算例计算,并与有关文献试验数据进行了对比。结果表明,多段声衬圆形管道中声传播工程计算方法是可行的,从而为发动机前短舱管内声传播研究提供了一种模态分析工程预测方法。     

Transmission characteristics of electromagnetic waves in a semicircular plasma filament layer generated by a femtosecond laser

The transmission characteristics of electromagnetic (EM) waves in a semicircular plasma filament layer generated by a femtosecond laser were studied in a wide frequency band including radar waves. We have focussed on the influence of plasma parameters and filament arrangement based on the diffraction and superposition theory of EM waves on the transmittance. A numerical simulation model using the current density convolution finite-difference time-domain method was constructed in a semicircular multilayer filament structure, and the transmission characteristics of spherical EM waves were examined. The simulation results showed that in this semicircular structure, the transmittance was periodically changed at a frequency interval corresponding to the thickness of the filament channel. This phenomenon was more pronounced as the number of the filament layers increased. In the lower band (<30 GHz), there was little change in the transmittance according to layer-to-layer distance, but in the higher band (>30 GHz), it changed irregularly. On the contrary, for the electron number density, it changed regularly in the lower frequency and hardly changed in the higher frequency. When the number of layers was 3 or more, the transmittance became 0 at the centre of the channel, and a discontinuous interference pattern appeared more clearly as the frequency increased.     

Evaluation of numerical scattering in finite volume method for solving radiative transfer equation by a central laser incidence model

The numerical scattering caused by spatial discretization in finite volume method is discussed. Based on an analysis of the generation process of numerical scattering, a physical model of central laser incidence to a two-dimensional rectangle containing semitransparent medium is established to validate the numerical scattering, with Monte Carlo method as benchmark, in which numerical scattering does not exist. Numerical scattering will be affected by spatial grid number, spatial differential schemes and spectral absorption coefficient. With the spatial grid number increasing, numerical scattering will be decreased. The accuracy of the diamond scheme is the highest, and the exponential scheme is a bit lower, the lowest accuracy of the three schemes is the step scheme. The tendency of numerical scattering is reverse, i.e., the step scheme produces minimum numerical scattering, and exponential scheme produces more, while the diamond scheme produces maximum among three methods. When the bias of absorption efficient is high, the numerical scattering cannot be eliminated only by increasing the grid number. If we set the direction of laser incidence as central axis, it can be seen that numerical scattering distributed symmetry along the axis, which can be called as symmetrical cross-scattering. All of the three schemes show symmetrical cross-scattering.