Microstructure and electrochemical properties of porous La2NiO4+δ electrode screen-printed on Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 electrolyte

Superfine and uniform La₂NiO_4+δ powder was synthesized by a polyaminocarboxylate complex precursor method. La₂NiO_4+δ layers were screen-printed on dense Ce_0.8Sm_0.2O_1.9 electrolyte substrates and sintered at 900–1,100 °C. The microstructure and electrochemical properties of the resulting porous electrodes were investigated with respect to sintering temperature. The results indicate a significant effect of sintering temperature on the microstructure and electrode polarization. It was found that elevating sintering temperature was favorable to the charge transfer process whereas undesired for the oxygen surface exchange process due to an increase of the grain size. Sintering at 900 °C was determined to be preferred in terms of the polarization resistance of the electrode. The porous electrode sintered at the temperature showed a fine-grained microstructure (about 200 nm) and a relatively low polarization resistance of 0.28 Ω cm² at 800 °C. This work suggests that preparing the electrode from superfine starting powder is contributive to modifying the polarization properties.     

Electrochemical characteristics of Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9|La0.6Sr0.4CoO3-δ + Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9 half-cell

The analysis of the medium temperature half-cell Ce_0.8Gd_0.2O_1.9|70 wt% La_0.6Sr_0.4CoO_3- (LSCO) + 30 wt % Ce_0.8Gd_0.2O_1.9 (CGO) has been made by electrochemical impedance, cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The shape of complex impedance plots depends on temperature and cathodic polarisation of the electrode. Nyquist (Z, Z-) plots were fitted by equivalent circuit taking into account the electrolyte properties (at very high frequencies), charge transfer process at grain boundaries (at high frequencies), and medium and low frequency O₂ reduction process at the cathode surface and inside the porous cathode material. Two different time constants have been obtained for the cathode process, i.e. for electroreduction of oxygen. It was found that the addition of CGO into the cathode material (LSCO) only somewhat decreases the surface catalytic activity but the noticeably higher low-frequency resistance (i.e. mainly diffusion-like mass transfer resistance R_D) values at lower temperatures have been calculated. It was found that the mainly bulk diffusion-limited process at T773 K deviates toward the kinetically mixed process (diffusion + charge transfer) with increasing temperature.     

Electrochemical reduction of NO and O2 on La2−x Sr x CuO4-based electrodes

A series of La_2 − x Sr _x CuO₄ (x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.15, 0.25 and 0.35) compounds was investigated for the use of direct electrochemical reduction of NO in an all-solid-state electrochemical cell. The materials were investigated using cyclic voltammetry in 1% NO in Ar and 10% O₂ in Ar. The most selective electrode material was La₂CuO₄, which had an activity of NO reduction that was 6.8 times higher than that of O₂ at 400 °C. With increasing temperature, activity increased while selectivity decreased. Additionally, conductivity measurements were carried out, and the materials show metallic conductivity behavior which follows an adiabatic small polaron hopping mechanism.     

EIS analysis of electrode kinetics for La2NiO4 + δ cathode in contact with Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 electrolyte: from DRT analysis to physical model of the electrochemical process

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - The oxygen reduction kinetics on an La2NiO4 + δ electrode for electrodes of different thicknesses was investigated by means of...     

Pt/Ce0.8La0.2O1.9催化剂上巴豆醛选择性加氢

采用浸渍法制备了Ce0.8La0.2O1.9同溶体负载Pt催化剂,用于气相巴豆醛选择加氧反应中.采用X射线粉末衍射、程序升温还原、NH3程序升温脱附和拉曼光谱等技术对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,随着Pt负载量增加,Pt/Ce0.8La0.2O1.9催化剂活性(TOF)和巴豆醇选择性均先增加后降低.当Pt负载量为3%时,...     

Functional properties and electrochemical performance of dual-phase Pr0.9Y0.1BaCo2O6−δ–Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 composite cathodes

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - The dual-phase composites are obtained by mixing perovskite-like cobaltite Pr0.9Y0.1BaCo2O6–δ and samarium-doped ceria Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 in weight...     

Influence of current collecting and functional layer thickness on the performance stability of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ-Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 composite cathode

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - The effect of current collecting layer (CCL) and cathode functional layer (CFL) thicknesses on the catalytic activity of the...     

Electrochemical properties of La0.8Sr0.2FeO3 − δ –La0.45Ce0.55O2 − δ composite cathodes for intermediate temperature SOFC

The electrochemical properties of La_0.8Sr_0.2FeO_3???δ (LSF)–La_0.45Ce_0.55O_2???δ (LDC) composite cathodes coated on LSGM electrolyte were studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cathodic polarization technique. Results showed that the composite cathodes possessed superior electrochemical performance compared to that of pure LSF cathode. The cathodic overpotential of Cathode C was only 100 mV at 0.3 A cm^?2, and the charge transfer resistance and the gas phase diffusion resistance were decreased to 0.105 Ω cm² and 0.257 Ω cm², respectively at 800 °C. The improvement of the electrochemical performance is contributed to the increase of the triple-phase boundary, enlargement of the effective area for electrode reaction, and increase of the porosity of the cathode by adding LDC to the cathode material.     

Influence of synthesis route on physicochemical properties of nanostructured electrolyte material La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3−δ for IT-SOFCs

Nanosized La_0.9Sr_0.1Ga_0.8Mg_0.2O_3?δ (LSGM) has been synthesized by both gel-combustion method and solid state reaction method as an electrolyte material for IT-SOFCs. The effect of synthesis route on phase purity of the samples has been studied by X-ray diffraction technique. In the gel-combustion method, perovskite structure was formed at 1,200 °C with only trace amount of impurity and has an average crystallite size of 27 nm obtained by Scherrer’s equation. In solid state route, phase pure product was obtained only at the calcination temperature of 1,500 °C. The characteristics of the samples were also studied using FTIR, TG/DTA, Small angle X-ray scattering, BET surface area, thermal expansion measurements, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The activation energy for oxide ion conduction of LSGM samples derived from Arrhenius plot is ~1.01 and 1.09 eV for gel-combustion and ceramic route, respectively. Linear increment of thermal expansion obtained by Dilatometry shows that there is no phase change at higher temperature in the sample. Sintered densities and microstructural features of the samples were also studied. The chemical compatibility of this electrolyte material has been studied with the perovskite oxide-based cathode material La_0.6Sr_0.4Co_0.2Fe_0.8O_3?δ and NiO.     

柠檬酸盐凝胶自燃烧法制备Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9粉体及性能表征

以柠檬酸和金属硝酸盐为原料,采用凝胶自燃烧法合成了氧化钐掺杂的氧化铈粉体Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9,利用差热-热重分析仪、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜等对粉体的形成条件、相组成以及表面形貌进行了表征。该实验能使学生了解固体氧化物燃料电池粉体的基本知识,熟悉柠檬酸盐凝胶自燃烧法制备粉体的原理,了解表征粉体结构的基本方法。     

Influence of Ce0.8R0.2O2–a (R = Y,Sm, Tb) submicron barrier layers at the La2NiO4+δ/YSZ boundary on the electrochemical performance of a cathode

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - Ce0.8R0.2O2–a (R = Y, Sm, Tb) (further Се20R) submicron barrier layers, which were obtained by the dip-coating method on a YSZ (ZrO2 +...     

Electrochemical degradation of bromophenol blue on porous PbO2–ZrO2 composite electrodes

Research on Chemical Intermediates - The electrochemical performance of porous PbO2–ZrO2 composite electrode was studied with bromophenol blue (BPB) as the simulated pollutant. In the process...     

MgO或Fe2O3掺杂Ce0.8Nd0.2O1.9固体电解质的结构和电性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成SiO2含量为0.05%(w,质量分数)的Ce0.8Nd0.2O1.9(NDC)粉体(NDCSi).分别将0-2.0%(x,摩尔分数)的MgO或FeO1.5添加到NDCSi粉体中,经10MPa压片后于1300°C烧结6h.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼(Raman)光谱和场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)对样品进行结构表征.采用交流(AC)阻抗谱测试样品导电性能.结果表明:所有样品均呈现单一立方萤石结构.MgO或Fe2O3掺杂于NDCSi体系,均可提高材料的致密度,降低烧结温度,提高材料的晶界电导率和总电导率.掺杂MgO或Fe2O3样品的相对密度(>93%)高于NDC或NDCSi(约86%),有效促进了样品致密化.掺杂Fe2O3或MgO的样品(NDCSi+0N.D5FCeSOi样1.5或品总ND电C导Si率+2(.10.M1×g1O0)-具3S有·c最m高-1)电的导5.7率和,525.60倍°C.M时g总O电或导Fe率2O分3掺别杂是于6.N3D×C10S-i3样或品2.对9×晶10界-3电S·导c率m-的1,是影响比晶粒电导率更明显.MgO或Fe2O3掺杂于NDCSi均具有烧结助剂和晶界清除剂的双重作用,但清除杂质SiO2的机制不同.     

Oxygen permeation and stability of Zr0.8Y0.2O0.9‒La0.8Sr0.2CrO3-δ dual-phase composite

A tubular membrane made of Zr_0.8Y_0.2O_1.9 (60 vol%) and was prepared by a standard ceramic process. Oxygen permeation through the membrane tube was examined by exposing its outer shell to air and sweeping its inner wall with pure helium or CO balanced with helium. An oxygen flux of 9.2×10⁻⁹ mol cm⁻² s⁻¹ was measured at 950°C under air/He gradient, and a larger flux of 3.2×10⁻⁸ mol cm⁻² s⁻¹ at 930°C under air/CO gradient. The membrane tube was found to exhibit excellent stability under highly reducing atmosphere and elevated temperatures. The oxygen permeation rate is likely to be increased through the modification of the surface and reduction of the membrane thickness.     

Transport and electrocatalytic properties of La0.3Sr0.7Co0.8Ga0.2O3−δ membranes

Incorporation of gallium into the perovskite lattice of La_0.3Sr_0.7CoO_3– leads to increasing unit cell volume and to decreasing thermal expansion, total conductivity and oxygen permeability. At 973–1223 K, the oxygen permeation fluxes through La_0.3Sr_0.7Co_0.8Ga_0.2O_3– ceramics with 96.5% density are determined by the bulk ionic conduction and surface exchange rates. The total conductivity of La_0.3Sr_0.7Co_0.8Ga_0.2O_3–, predominantly p-type electronic, exhibits an apparent pseudometallic behavior due to oxygen losses on heating, whereas the p(O₂) dependencies of the conductivity and Seebeck coefficient suggest a small-polaron mechanism of hole transport. The average thermal expansion coefficients in air are 15.9×10^–6 K^–1 at 360–710 K and 27.9×10^–6 K^–1 at 710–1030 K. On decreasing oxygen pressure down to 4–30 Pa at 973–1223 K, perovskite-type La_0.3Sr_0.7Co_0.8Ga_0.2O_3– transforms into a brownmillerite-like modification, whose electrical properties are essentially p(O₂) independent. Further reduction results in the decomposition of the brownmillerite into a multiphase oxide mixture at p(O₂)=8×10^–10–3×10^–4 Pa, and then in the segregation of metallic cobalt. Due to surface-limited oxygen transport, La_0.3Sr_0.7Co_0.8Ga_0.2O_3– membranes are, however, kinetically stable under an air/CH₄ gradient up to 1223 K. The conversion of dry methane in model membrane reactors increases with oxygen permeation flux and temperature, but yields high CO₂ concentrations (>90%), indicating a dominant role of complete CH₄ oxidation on the membrane surface.     

Gd0.2Ce0.8O1.9纳米颗粒对固体氧化物电解池La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ阳极 析氧反应的影响

化石燃料的使用排放了大量CO2,对气候和环境造成了日益严重的危害.固体氧化物电解池(SOEC)能够利用可再生能源产生的电能将CO2高效转化成CO,降低CO2排放的同时,又能减少化石燃料的使用,近年来受到研究者的广泛关注.相比于低温液相CO2电还原,SOEC高的运行温度保证了其较高的反应速率,即较高的电流密度.典型的SOEC单电池由多孔阴极、致密电解质和多孔阳极以三明治的方式组装而成.CO2分子在阴极得到两个电子解离成CO和一个O2–;生成的O2–通过致密电解质传导至阳极,在阳极失去四个电子发生析氧反应(OER)生成一个O2.相比于两电子的阴极反应,阳极四电子的析氧反应更难进行,可能是整个电极过程的速控步,因此开发高性能的阳极材料有望显著提高SOEC的CO2电还原性能.La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ(LSCF)因具有较高的混合离子-电子导电性而被用作SOEC阳极材料,但受LSCF-气体两相界面的限制,其OER性能较低.研究表明,LSCF-掺杂的CeO2-气体所构成的三相界面相比于LSCF-气体两相界面具有更高的电化学反应活性,即OER反应更易在三相界面进行.因此,本文将Gd0.2Ce0.8O1.9(GDC)纳米颗粒浸渍到SOEC LSCF阳极来提高其OER活性,考察了纳米颗粒浸渍量(3,5,10和20 wt%)对SOEC电化学性能的影响.结果表明,SOEC的电化学性能随浸渍量的增加而逐渐升高,当GDC纳米颗粒浸渍量为10 wt%时(10GDC/LSCF),SOEC的电化学性能达到最高,在800 oC和1.6 V的电流密度为0.555 A cm–2,是LSCF阳极SOEC性能的1.32倍.继续增加浸渍量到20 wt%,电化学性能反而开始下降.电化学阻抗谱测试结果表明,GDC纳米颗粒的加入减小了SOEC的极化电阻.对应的弛豫时间分布函数解析结果表明10GDC/LSCF阳极上的OER由四个基元反应构成.电镜和O2-程序升温脱附结果表明,GDC纳米颗粒的加入显著增加了10GDC/LSCF阳极三相界面和表面氧空位的数量以及体相氧的流动性,从而促进了OER四个基元反应的反应速率,降低了这几个过程的极化电阻,因而降低了OER反应的极化电阻,提高了SOEC电还原CO2的电化学性能.     

Synthesis and Electrochemical Property of Calcium Doped LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 Solid Solution

Today, batteries with high capacity, good cyclability, long life and environmental goodness are much required to meet some pressing demands of our modern society. In principle, lithium ion cells can satisfy these requirements1. But the properties of the cathode materials have limited the further development of the lithium ion cells. The studied cathode materials before were mainly LiCoO2, LiMn2O4, LiNiO2. The LiCoO2 has disadvantages including cost and environmental risk although it is…     

Electrochemical performance and stability of nano-particulate and bi-continuous La1−X Sr X CoO3 and Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 composite electrodes

A bi-continuous porous cathode consisting of nano-particles of strontium substituted lanthanum cobaltite (LSC) covering the surface of a Ce_0.9Gd_0.1O_1.95 (CGO10) backbone has been produced. The polarization resistance (R _P) of this cathode was measured to ～35 mΩ cm² at 650 °C. The area-specific resistance at 650 °C (ASR) when applied onto an anode supported cell (ASC) was found to increase from 540 to 730 mΩ cm² when subjected to a thermal cycle to 850 °C. This effect was attributed to particles coarsening but also to a reaction with the electrolyte. The results imply that a CGO10 barrier is required for this type of nano-structured cathode.