电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定锆合金中5种元素的含量

提出了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定锆合金中锡、铌、铁、铬、镍含量的方法。取样品0.1 g,加入5 mL水、5 mL硝酸和0.5 mL氢氟酸,于100℃加热5 min,用水定容至25 mL。设置仪器射频功率为1 300 W,雾化气流量为0.80 L·min^-1,进样量为2.0 mL·min^-1,测定5种元素在Sn 242.949 nm、Nb 309.418 nm、Fe 259.941 nm、Ni 221.648 nm、Cr 267.716 nm等分析谱线处的响应强度,基质匹配法定量。结果表明：锡、铌的质量浓度在150μg·mL^-1以内,铁、铬、镍的质量浓度在15μg·mL^-1以内分别与对应的响应强度呈线性关系;锡检出限(3s)为16μg·g^-1,其他元素检出限(3s)均低于3.0μg·g^-1;各元素方法重复性的相对标准偏差(n=10)均小于2.0%,加标回收率为99.0%～109%;采用锆合金标准物质SRM360b进行验证,测定值均在认定值的不确定度范...     

ICP-AES法测定镍铬铝钇硅合金中的铝、钇、硅

建立电感耦合等离子体发射光谱测定镍铬铝钇硅合金中铝、钇、硅含量的方法。采用盐酸–硝酸(6∶1)混合酸溶解样品,通过基体匹配消除基体镍的干扰,铝、钇、硅的分析谱线分别为394.401,371.029,251.611 nm。铝、钇、硅的质量浓度分别在1.00～30.00,1.00～20.00,1.00～30.00 mg/L范围内与其发射强度呈良好的线性,线性相关系数均大于0.999,检出限分别为0.013,0.002,0.064 mg/L。加标回收率为94.60%～103.51%,测定结果的相对标准偏差均小于2%(n=11)。该方法快速、稳定,可用于实际生产中镍铬铝钇硅中铝、钇、硅元素的测定。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定镁钕合金中3种杂质元素的含量

采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定镁钕合金中硅、铝及铜3种杂质元素的含量。选择盐酸(1+1)溶液10mL溶解试样(0.1g),以克服合金的基体元素及其他共存元素的干扰为目标,选择测定上述3种元素的分析谱线依次为251.611,237.313,224.700nm。用0.1g高纯镁及与试样中含钕量近似的钕标准溶液作为基体,加入一定量的硅、铝和铜的标准溶液后,按试样相同的溶解方法处理并定容至100mL。按所选仪器工作条件进行光谱测定,并制作各元素的工作曲线。硅、铝、铜的检出限(3s)依次为0.006,0.002,0.01mg·L-1。对2个样品中的3种元素各测定6次,测定值的相对标准偏差均不大于3.7%。用标准加入法进行回收试验,测得回收率在92.0%~108%之间。     

单纯形最优化法确定硅存在时钙的测定条件

应用改进单纯形最优化法研究了利用锶-镧-十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTMAB）-盐酸、锶-镧-四乙基氯化铵-盐酸、锶-TritonX-100-盐酸3种混合试剂体系消除原子吸收分光光度法测定钙时共存硅干扰的方法。最佳条件分别为：1000μg/mL锶 1238μg/mL镧 108μg/mL CTMAB 4.05%盐酸，700μg/mL锶 1187μg/mL镧 150μg/mL四乙基氯化铵 4.63%盐酸，300μg/mL CTMAB 4.05%盐酸，700μg/mL锶 1187μg/mL镧 150μg/mL四乙基氯化铵 4.63%盐酸，300μg/mL锶 0.97% TrionX-100 4%盐酸。在以上3种条件下，100μg/mL硅不干扰钙的测定，钙的回收率为92.3%-106.0%。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定铝铍中间合金中的铍

通过对铍的自吸效应和光谱干扰研究,选取了Be(Ⅱ)313.1nm作为分析线,建立了铝铍合金中测定铍元素含量的电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法。实验结果表明,谱线Be(Ⅱ)313.0nm的线性范围达到20μg/mL,谱线Be(Ⅱ)3 131nm的线性范围可达30μg/mL,当溶液中铍元素的浓度超过线性范围时,两条谱线的工作曲线发生弯曲,产生明显的自吸效应,样品分析过程中避免使用有自吸效应的谱线,可以大大提高分析结果的准确性;样品中主要杂质元素和基体对铍的谱线不产生光谱干扰。方法中铍的检出限为0.000 4%。铍的质量浓度在1.0~15μg/mL时,工作曲线的线性回归方程为y=265.101 0x+0.45,相关系数R=0.999 645。按实验方法分别对铝铍合金样品和合成的模拟标准样品进行回收率和精密度实验,标准加入回收率在101%~103%,相对标准偏差在0.58%~0.98%。方法能够准确快速地分析铝铍中间合金中铍的含量。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定五氧化二钒中19种杂质元素

采用盐酸消解五氧化二钒样品及其中所含可溶性杂质,再以无水碳酸钾与硼酸高温熔融不可溶性杂质,然后以盐酸溶解熔块,合并溶液后以用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定杂质元素铌、锆、钛、钨、硅、铝、钼、钴、铬、镍、铜、铅、镉、砷、磷、铁、锰、钙和镁的含量。试验了基体元素和共存元素对测定的干扰,优化各元素的分析谱线,运用同步背景校正消除基体影响。19种元素的检出限在10～225μg.L-1之间,背景等效浓度在5～150μg.L-1之间。方法用于分析五氧化二钒样品,测定结果与其它化学分析方法测定值一致;分析五氧化二钒标准样品(GSBH 42015-96)的测定值与标准值相一致。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定钬铁合金中16种杂质元素的含量

为了解决国家标准方法不能同时测定钬铁合金样品中的稀土元素和其他元素的问题,提出了题示研究。取0.100 0 g钬铁合金样品至150 mL烧杯中,加入10 mL水、10 mL盐酸,于300℃加热至样品溶解完全,冷却后,用水定容至100 mL,采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定其中钆、铽、镝、铒、钇、镧、铈、镨、钕、钐、钙、镁、铝、锰、镍和钛等16种杂质元素的含量,并利用基体匹配法消除了合金材料中存在的大量钬和铁元素对待测元素的光谱干扰。结果表明,16种元素的质量浓度在一定范围内与对应的谱线强度呈线性关系,检出限(3s)为0.01～0.32μg·L^-1。按照标准加入法进行回收试验,回收率为90.0%～115%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于7.0%。     

萃取分离ICP-AES法测定含锆铀铌合金中的杂质元素

研究了在HNO3介质中用磷酸三丁酯(TBP)同时萃取铀和锆,鞣酸沉淀铌的分离条件。电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP AES)法同时测定了含锆铀铌合金中铁、铜、锰、硅、铝和镍6种杂质元素。测定范围在10～1000μg/g之间,回收率为97%～106%,相对标准偏差为5%～10%。     

微波消解–电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定DD6单晶合金中铝、铬、钴

建立电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定DD6单晶高温合金中铝、铬、钴元素含量的方法。采用密闭微波消解法对样品进行前处理,利用模拟溶液分别考察基体元素和共存元素的光谱干扰及非光谱干扰对测定结果的影响,确定了铝、铬、钴的分析谱线分别为394.401,267.716,228.616 nm,通过基体匹配法对非光谱干扰进行补偿。待测元素在各自的质量浓度范围内与光谱强度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数均为0.9999,铝、铬、钴的检出限分别为0.110,0.018,0.003 μg/mL。测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.99%~1.21%(n=11),铝、铬、钴的加标回收率在分别为96.45%~103.69%,98.20%~99.40%,100.22%~102.85%。该方法简便、快速,具有较高的准确度,适用于镍基单晶高温合金中铝、铬、钴元素的测定。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定锌冶炼酸浸渣中12种元素

建立电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP–AES)同时测定锌冶炼酸浸渣中铅、铜、铁、镉、钴、镍、锑、钙、镁、铝、砷、锰12种元素的方法。样品采用硝酸–盐酸–氢氟酸–高氯酸四酸溶解,以体积分数为10%的盐酸–硝酸混合溶液为介质,在优化的实验条件下,用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定各元素含量。铜、铅、铁、镉、钴、镍、锑的质量浓度在0.10～50μg/mL范围内,钙、镁、铝、砷、锰的质量浓度在0.10～10μg/mL范围内与光谱强度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.999,方法检出限为0.002 1～0.025 5μg/mL。测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.012%～1.87%(n=6),样品加标回收率为99.0%～100.3%。采用该方法测定锌精矿成分分析标准物质和实验室内控样品,测定值与参考值基本一致,相对误差为0.00～3.33%。该方法简单、快速,具有较高的准确度和精密度,适用于锌冶炼酸浸渣样品中多元素同时测定,在锌冶炼行业具有重要的应用价值。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).