毛细管区带电泳法对柱前衍生胆汁酸的高效分离研究

以7-氨基-1,3-萘二磺酸作为柱前衍生试剂,采用毛细管区带电泳-光二极管阵列检测器分离测定6种胆汁酸。实验综合考察了缓冲溶液浓度、pH值、温度及添加剂对胆汁酸衍生化产物分离效果的影响。在不加其它添加剂情况下,于25mmol/L的pH为9.5的硼酸盐缓冲溶液中,20℃,5kPa压力下进样,进样时间8s,13min可实现6种胆汁酸的快速高效基线分离。该方法检出限(3σ)为0.022～0.046μmol/L,线性范围为0.07～5μmol/L。     

大体积浓缩-固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用测定水样中6种典型嗅味物质

2-甲基异崁醇(2-MIB)、土臭素(GSM)、2,4,6-三氯苯甲醚(TCA)、β-环柠檬醛(β-Cyclocitral)、β-紫罗兰酮(β-Ionone)和二甲基三硫醚(DMTS)为不同特征水体的典型嗅味物质。本研究建立了大体积浓缩-固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用同时测定这6种痕量物质的方法。自制大体积玻璃萃取瓶,萃取体积为100 mL。优化的萃取条件:萃取时间30 min,NaCl离子浓度0.3 g/mL,萃取温度65℃,解吸时间2 min,溶液pH值4～9范围内,不影响萃取效果。各物质的检出限均低于1 ng/L,具有较高的灵敏度;加标回收率为86.0%～114.2%,具有较好的精密度;浓度在1～200 ng/L范围内线性关系良好。本方法应用于江河湖泊、水库、自来水出厂水和管网末端水等水体中嗅味物质的定量检测,结果表明:在富营养化的水体中DMTS,2-MIB和β-Cyclocitral的浓度较高;TCA在管网末端水中含量较高。     

稳定性同位素内标-吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱联用分析水中硫化物

建立稳定性同位素内标-吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)分析多种水体中硫化物,为预警异味水质突发事件和开展相关研究奠定基础。水样脱氯过滤后,加入同位素内标与氯化钠,吹扫捕集装置40℃氮气吹扫10 min,200℃脱附2 min,吹扫流量40 mL/min。色谱柱:DB-624,进样口温度270℃,分流比20∶1,载气高纯He,流速3.8 mL/min。升温条件:35℃(5 min),6℃/min升至120℃,20℃/min升至210℃。传输线(AUX)温度为280℃。质谱条件:离子源温度230℃,四极杆温度150℃,电子能量70 eV。以保留时间和质谱全扫描方式进行定性分析,质量范围m/z 45~450;选择离子监测定量;基质加标验证方法的准确度与精密度。乙硫醇、二甲基硫和二甲基二硫在0.6~21.3μg/L范围内线性良好。ET,DMS和DMDS的检出限分别为0.088,0.13和0.10μg/L。5种水体高、低浓度加标,回收率为90.7%~118.0%,RSD为2.7%~9.8%。本方法采用稳定同位素内标法,具有较好的准确性、稳定性和实用性,可用于地表水、地下水和生活饮用水等多种水体中含硫嗅味物质的分析。     

在线固相萃取-高效液相色谱-质谱法快速测定绵羊尿液中3种轭合态β-受体激动剂

采用双三元高效液相色谱和液相质谱联用(HPLC-MS/MS)建立了测定绵羊原始尿液及酶解后尿液中β-受体激动剂(沙丁胺醇、克伦特罗、莱克多巴胺)在线SPE(Turboflow)检测的方法。分别对Turboflow柱和分析柱条件进行优化,最终确定样品上样速率4 m L/min,进样体积100μL,样品净化时间0.5 min。本方法的回收率在91.3%~112.2%之间,线性范围为0.1~100μg/L,精密度RSD<1%,日间峰面积RSD<12%,说明方法的重现性和稳定性良好。在对酶解后的尿液检测中发现,对于苯酚类β-受体激动剂(沙丁胺醇、莱克多巴胺),酶解后的尿液中检出化合物含量明显高于未酶解样品,对苯胺类β-受体激动剂(克伦特罗)的影响不大。本方法只需对原始尿液或酶解后的尿液进行过膜处理,样品的在线净化、富集、柱平衡和最终分析可在15 min内完成,大大缩短了日常分析所需时间。本方法操作简单,可用于养殖动物β-受体激动剂大规模筛查。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定包装材料中全氟辛酸及其盐类

快速溶剂萃取法萃取包装材料中的全氟辛酸(PFOA)及其盐类, 萃取液与乙酰化试剂反应后, 以全氟癸酸甲酯为内标物, 用内标法进行定量测定. 气相色谱质谱条件为: HP-Innowax毛细柱;柱温: 50 ℃ (5 min)30 ℃/min→240 ℃ (5 min);不分流进样;接口温度: 280 ℃;载气: 氦气, 0.8 mL/min;进样量: 1 μL;负化学源;反应气: 甲烷, 20%;选择离子扫描方式. 方法的线性范围1.0～105 μg/L, 线性相关系数r=0.999, 检出限0.1 μg/L, 不同浓度的PFOA的相对标准偏差分别为4.1%和3.2%, 回收率在87%～109%之间.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定水中丙烯酰胺、苯胺和联苯胺

建立了直接进样-高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱同时分析水中丙烯酰胺、苯胺和联苯胺的分析方法。采用SHIMADZU Shim-pack FC-ODS柱(75 mm×4.6 mm,3μm)为分离柱,甲醇和0.1%甲酸为流动相,采用梯度洗脱,流速0.2 mL/min,柱温40℃。经液相色谱分离后,采用串联四极杆质谱的多反应监测模式,使用TIS(+)源电离水样。在上述条件下,水样过0.22μm滤膜后可直接进样,单个样品分析时间仅11 min。进样体积25μL时,3种物质检出限分别为0.1,0.1和0.03μg/L,在0.10~100μg/L范围内,3种物质均线性良好(r>0.9995);测试低、中、高浓度的混合标准物质,3种化合物的相对标准偏差在1.3%~5.6%之间,样品加标回收率在92.8%~106%之间。本方法可应用于实际样品的分析。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定人血浆和尿液中记忆丧失性贝毒软骨藻酸

建立了高效液相色谱-串联三重四极杆质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)测定人血浆及尿液中记忆丧失性贝毒软骨藻酸。人血浆及尿液样品加入6倍体积甲醇沉淀剂,涡旋离心后,取上清液进样测定。色谱柱为Zorbax SB C18柱(150×4.6mm,5μm),柱温30℃;流动相为乙腈-0.1%甲酸水溶液(13∶87,V/V),流速为1.0mL/min。该方法检测血浆和尿液中软骨藻酸的线性范围均为1.8~115μg/L,相关系数r=0.999,检出限为0.9μg/L,定量下限为1.8μg/L。该方法具有操作方便、专属性强、灵敏度高的特点,适用于人体血浆及尿液中软骨藻酸的测定。     

RP-HPLC法同时测定酒花中α-酸、β-酸和异α-酸

建立了RP-HPLC法同时检测酒花中α-酸、β-酸和异α-酸的主要异构体的方法。色谱柱为:EC 250/4 Nucleosil 100-5 C18,保护柱:CC 8/4 Nucleosil 100-5 C18,流动相A:水溶液(H3PO4 0.1%,0.2 mmol/L EDTANa2);流动相B:乙腈。流速为1.0 mL/min,双波长检测UV270 nm和UV315 nm,柱温30℃,进样体积10μL。方法加标回收率在90.0%～105.0%之间。方法可将酒花中α-酸、β-酸6种主要异构体和异α-酸3种主要异构体共9种物质一次性分离。     

高效毛细管电泳测定尿液中非蛋白氮代谢产物

采用高效毛细管区带电泳法分离分析了尿液中的肌酸、肌酐、尿素和尿酸这四种非蛋白氮代谢产物。在优化的条件下,使用50mmol L的低pH(pH4.0)醋酸缓冲液,在非涂层毛细管(21cm×75μmi.d.)中,15kV,25℃和200nm下,13min内可对尿液中上述4种物质同时进行定量。尿液样品仅用缓冲溶液1:1稀释后直接用于分析。各物质的迁移时间和峰面积的RSDmax均≤1%,检出限(S N=3)和线性范围分别为:肌酸(5μmol L,10～1000μmol L);肌酐(0.8μmol L,5～3000μmol L);尿素(100μmol L,1000～30000μmol L);尿酸(5μmol L,10～1500μmol L)。可用于临床上病人尿液的日常分析和早期肾病的监测。     

顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定废水中痕量挥发性烷基硫化物

建立了顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)和气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)联用测定人工湿地废水中的痕量挥发性烷基硫化物的方法。针对废水中两种主要的挥发性烷基硫化物(二甲基硫、二甲基二硫),详细研究了萃取纤维头的种类、萃取时间、萃取温度、pH值、离子强度、样品量及解析条件对HS-SPME的影响。载气为高纯氦气,流速为1.0mL/min,色谱柱为DB-5ms毛细管柱(0.25μm,30m×0.32mm),柱温:25℃(5min)■40℃(1min)■60℃(5min);在优化的实验条件下,本法测定二甲基硫及二甲基二硫的线性范围分别为10～10000ng/L和1～10000ng/L;检出限(3σ)分别为1.9ng/L和1.8ng/L;相对标准偏差小于10%;回收率分别为81.0%～94.6%和84.0%～100.9%。用二乙基硫为内标物质,将本法用于人工湿地废水中主要的烷基硫化物二甲基硫和二甲基二硫的测定,获得满意结果。     

HEPT类化合物的QSAR研究

为定量结构／活性相关性研究提取了量子化学参数,拓扑指数Am,分子连接性指数^mxt及疏水性常数,同时应用正交变换和最佳变量子集算法（Leaps-and-Bonds)进行了变量压缩和选择,进而实施了多元回归分析,并由此结果进行了HEPT类化合物（1－[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6-(phenylthio)-thymine derivatives)的结构／活性关系的理论解释,进行了人工神经网络法对于该类化合物的活性预测,其结构明显好于多元回归法。     

From the Micro- to the Macro-: Managing the Conservation of the Warship,Vasa

Sweden's famous warship, Vasa, sank on her maiden voyage in August 1628, and remained on the bottom of Stockholm harbour for 333 years. Raised in 1961, she became the first large-scale wooden object to be treated with polyethylene glycol (PEG). In the summer of 2000 a number of acidic salt precipitations were noticed on the surface of the ship and on wooden artefacts in the storerooms. An international research project has been established to look into the causes of this problem and suggest possible re-treatments. Meanwhile projects are underway to monitor movements in the ship, to build a better support system, and to replace the thousands of iron bolts holding the structure together, while a sophisticated new climate system has recently been installed in the museum.     

液滴荧光传感与计算机联用技术在微量分析中的应用

通过在LS55型荧光-磷光-发光分光光度计上加装液滴产生及调节附件,采用计算机采集与分析处理数据,成功地研制了双通道液滴光化学传感装置.利用葡聚糖凝胶对复合维生素B中不同组分的选择性吸附来达到分离与同时检测的目的,并将其用于复合维生素B药片的分析,取得了满意的结果.     

Using of the Agglomeration-in-liquid for the Technology of the Fine Materials

The content of the fine and ultrafine particles in the raw material results in difficulty of the separation, the loss of the valuable components and ecological contamination. Secondary using of the fine particles is impossible without their granulation. This problem has been solved by the agglomeration-in-liquid method.An agglomeration-in-liquid method is a process to produce agglomerates in a liquid phase from solid particles suspended in the liquid. The surface of solid particles and the binding liquid must be of identical polarity, but the continuous phase must be of the opposite polarity. The water solutions of the surfactant are the binding liquids or the organic liquids.     

On the scaling of the interface energy of the liquid clusters in the disordered nanoporous medium

Similarity of the extrusion curves of non-wetting liquid in a nanoporous medium with different initial fill volume fractions is observed experimentally. The similarity can be explained by the scaling of the interface energy and the self-similarity of the infinite percolation cluster of fluid-filled pores. Understanding the physical processes leading to the observed phenomena is a foundation for the development of high-performance devices for damping and energy storage on the basis of such heterogeneous systems.     

Copper-containing dendromesogens: the influence of the metal on the mesomorphism

The synthesis and liquid crystalline behaviour of the first and second generations of a dendrimeric structure based on poly(propyleneimine)(DAB-dendr(NH₂)_x) are reported. 4-(4-n-Alkoxybenzoyloxy)salicylaldehydes are used as mesogenic moieties attached at the peripheral amino groups of the dendrimers giving rise to dendromesogens with four and eight mesogenic branches. From these dendromesogens, considered as organic ligands, were prepared six metal-containing dendrimers which incorporate two or four copper atoms in their structures. All the dendrimeric ligands and three of the metal-containing dendrimers exhibit liquid crystalline properties which were studied by optical microscopy, DSC, X-ray diffraction and EPR spectroscopy.     

On the quality of the hardness kernel and the Fukui function to evaluate the global hardness

An approximated hardness kernel, which includes the second derivative with respect to the density of the kinetic energy, the electron-electron coulomb repulsion, and the exchange density functionals, has been tested for the calculation of the global hardness. The results obtained for a series of 40 cations and neutral systems and 16 anions represent in most cases an improvement of the results obtained using the HOMO-LUMO gap approach and indicate the viability of this approach to evaluate global hardness. In addition, the relevance of the Fukui function approximation and the role of the three components of the hardness kernel in the evaluation of the global hardness have been analyzed.     

光亮剂对银电沉积行为的影响

用电势阶跃法和旋转圆盘电极法 (RDE)以及SEM和XRD测试手段 ,初步研究了光亮剂对氰化体系中银电沉积行为的影响 .研究表明 ,光亮剂的加入并未导致银电沉积成核机理的改变 ,但显著增强了镀液的微观平整效应 ,并且所得镀层的表观光滑程度明显改善 .XRD测试亦同时表明光亮剂的加入并未改变镀层的择优取向     

Influence of the Position of the Connecting Spacer of the Chromophore on the Nonlinear Optical Response

A new chromophore, C1 , based on a similar DπA‐structure as in the FTC ‐chromophore but with a hydroxyalkyl spacer perpendicular to the direction of the dipole moment was synthesized. Both chromophores and the CLD ‐chromophore were used to prepare high T_g nonlinear optical vinyl polymers. The influence of the position of the spacer on the DπA‐system on the NLO response of the resulting polymers was investigated.