Adsorption properties of silica-based sorbents containing phosphonic acid residues

Isotherms are measured for nitrogen, n-hexane, triethylamine, and water vapor adsorption on silicas of different origins, the surface layers of which contain functional groups of the ??Si(CH₂)₂P(O)(OH)₂ composition, namely, ethylene- and phenylene-bridged polysilsesquioxane xerogels produced by the sol-gel method, silica microspheres synthesized from tetraethoxysilane in the presence of [CH₃(CH₂)₁₇N(CH₃)₃]Br as a template by spray-drying method, and SBA-15 mesoporous silica produced based on tetraethoxysilane using Pluronic 123 as a template. It is shown that all of the samples possess high specific surface areas, while the types of adsorption isotherms and the accessibility of active acidic sites for adsorption interactions with electron-donor molecules depend on the structures of pores and surface layers, which are governed by the methods of synthesis and postsynthesis sample treatment.     

Structure and properties of magnetic composite sorbents based on hypercrosslinked polystyrenes

Magnetic composite sorbents based on microporous and biporous hypercrosslinked polystyrenes (HCPs) with inclusions of iron oxide nanoparticles were studied by X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis. In microporous composites, the size of impregnated magnetite nanoparticles was less than ～6 nm, the nanocomposites remaining optically transparent. Biporous HCPs (with micro- and macropores) had larger nanoparticles (～16 nm). The sorption studies revealed that composite magnetic sorbents, as well as the starting hypercrosslinked polystyrenes, are effective adsorbents with high capacity for many compounds including toxic and physiologically active compounds.     

Adsorption of staphylococcus on carbon-mineral sorbents

Adsorption of staphylococcus on spherical carbon-mineral sorbents (SCMS) and on some other home-made hemosorbents based on active coals has been studied.

---

() , .

     

Adsorption of Pb(II) and Cu(II) from aqueous solution on magnetic porous ferrospinel MnFe2O4

The adsorption of Pb(II) and Cu(II) from aqueous solution on magnetic porous ferrospinel MnFe(2)O(4) prepared by a sol-gel process was investigated. Single batch experiment was employed to test pH effect, sorption kinetics, and isotherm. The interaction mechanism and the regeneration were also explored. The results showed that Pb(II) and Cu(II) removal was strongly pH-dependent with an optimum pH value of 6.0, and the equilibrium time was 3.0 h. The adsorption process could be described by a pseudo-second-order model, and the initial sorption rates were 526.3 and 2631.5 μmol g(-1)min(-1) for Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions, respectively. The equilibrium data were corresponded well with Langmuir isotherm, and the maximum adsorption capacities were 333.3 and 952.4 μmol g(-1) for Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions, respectively. The adsorbed Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions were in the form of the complex with oxygen in carboxyl and hydroxyl groups binding on the surface of magnetic porous MnFe(2)O(4). The sorbent could be reused for five times with high removal efficiency.     

Adsorption of water vapor on modified methacrylate polymeric sorbents

Adsorption of water vapor on methacrylate copolymers and terpolymers was studied. An increase in the content of the cross-linking agent gives rise to increase in the limiting adsorption of water vapor at the saturation pressure (a _s) and to decrease in the concentration of primary adsorption centers. Modification of the initial copolymer containing 60 % of 2,3-epoxypropyl methacrylate (EPMA) monomer and 40 % of cross-linking agent, ethylene dimethacrylate, with diethylenetriamine (DETA) results in an increase in thea _s value, while modification with C₁₂ and C₁₈ alkyl, benzyl, and phenyl groups gives rise to decrease in thea _s values for the copolymeric sorbents. The concentration of primary adsorption centers (a _m) increases considerably on modification of the copolymer with DETA and C₁₂ groups and decreases markedly on modification with benzyl and phenyl groups. For terpolymers, containing EPMA and styrene, an increase in the styrene/EPMA ratio reduces thea _s anda _m values. The copolymer modified with DETA groups possesses the most hydrophilic properties, while the copolymer modified with benzyl group exhibits the most hydrophobic properties. The mechanism of adsorption of water molecules on the polymers is discussed.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 11, pp. 2163–2167, November, 1995.The work was financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Project No. 94-03-09550).     

Synthesis and properties of magnetic fluids produced on the basis of magnetite particles

Magnetic fluids based on magnetite synthesized by the chemical condensation method at temperatures of 25, 40, 60, and 80°C were obtained and studied. Magnetite particles were examined by X-ray phase and X-ray fluorescence analyses and electron microscopy. The average size of the coherent scattering region of magnetite particles was 13–17 nm, depending on the synthesis temperature. Magnetic fluids were synthesized from magnetite particles obtained at 25 and 80°C, with water and octane serving as carrier fluids. The NMR method was used to determine the saturation magnetization and average magnetic moment of the particles: for water-based magnetic fluids, 2100 A m^–1 and 5.7 × 10^–19 A m² at magnetite particle synthesis temperature of 25°C and 3670 A m^–1 and 4.6 × 10^–19 A m² at magnetite particle synthesis temperature of 80°C; for octane-based magnetic fluids, 2250 A m^–1 and 4.1 × 10^–19 A m² at magnetite particle synthesis temperature of 25°C.     

Adsorption of bovine serum albumin by granulated and fibrous sorbents

Adsorption of bovine serum albumin by macroporous glasses and fiber sorbents was studied. Differences in the mechanism of protein Sorption by sorbents depending on the chemical nature of the surface and the texture of the initial matrix were found. Optimum conditions for protein immobilization on thin-layer sorbents were determined. The reversibility of protein adsorption was studied by the radioactive indicator technique. The extent of reversibility of protein adsorption by thin-layer titanium hydroxide coatings was shown to depend significantly on the texture of the initial matrix.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1586–1589, August, 1995.     

Adsorption and desorption of lysozyme on nano-sized magnetic particles and its conformational changes

Adsorption and desorption of lysozyme on nano-sized magnetic particles and its conformational change were studied in this work. Adsorption of lysozyme on nano-sized magnetic particles (Fe₃O₄) was carried out at different pH. Maximum adsorption of lysozyme (4.65 mg/m²) occurred at its isoelectric point (pI=11.1). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results show that the lysozyme adsorbed on magnetic particles did not show any thermal transition over the range 20–100 °C. High desorption of lysozyme from magnetic particles was achieved using NaH₂PO₄ (pH 4.0) (90%) and NaSCN (pH 6.0) (97%) as desorbents. The conformational change of the lysozyme desorbed by NaH₂PO₄ was small, while the lysozyme desorbed by NaSCN underwent a significant conformational change as measured by the intrinsic fluorescence. Eighty-eight and 82% activity was retained in the desorbed enzyme for desorption by NaH₂PO₄ and NaSCN, respectively.     

Acid-base properties of phenol formaldehyde sorbents

It is shown that at a temperature of 295 K, phenol groups of phenol formaldehyde sorbents are characterized by the value pK ∼ 13.0–13.7. It is found that raising the temperature to 343 K reduces the pK value by one. It is concluded that the reason for the lower acidity of phenol formaldehyde sorbents relative to phenol in an aqueous solution is the smaller amount of firmly bound water.     

Physicochemical properties of aminopolystyrene- and 4-amino-N-azobenzenesulfonamide-based sorbents

The acid-base properties of the functional analytical groups of new synthetic polymer sorbents manufactured on the basis of macroporous polystyrene, their physicochemical properties, and the conditions of sorption of chromate anions were studied.     

Sorption and kinetic properties of radiocesium-selective organomineral sorbents

Comparative analysis of the sorption and kinetic properties was carried out for organomineral sorbents synthesized by two routes: (1) from an organomineral suspension and (2) from aqueous-organic solutions.     

Adsorption mechanism of polylysine on hydroxyapatite and its effect on dissolution properties of hydroxyapatite

Adsorbed amounts of poly-l-lysine (pLys) and bromide ion on hydroxyapatite (HAp) from aqueous solutions of poly-l-lysine hydrobromide, and amounts of calcium and phosphate ions liberated concurrently from HAp during the adsorption of pLys were determined at 25 degrees . The pLys was adsorbed on HAp by the mechanism of ion-exchange between its amino groups and calcium ions of HAp. The released amount of calcium ion increased, therefore, with the adsorbed amount of pLys. On the other hand, the released amount of phosphate ion first decreased and then increased after attaining a minimum with the equilibrium concentration of pLys. The analysis using an equilibrium dialysis method revealed that the released phosphate ions were mainly in the bound state to the amino groups of pLys remaining in the solution, and that the concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions free from both HAp and pLys were restricted by each other under the law of the solubility product of HAp. The first decrease in the released amount of phosphate ion was concluded to be attributed primarily to the increase in the released amount of calcium ion because pLys remaining in the solution was little in this region. When sodium hydroxide was added to the solution, the adsorbed amount of pLys increased and then slightly decreased with the equilibrium pH of the solution due to the increase or decrease of the electrostatic attractive force between the adsorbate and the adsorbent. However, conformational change in pLys around pH 10 seemed to have little effect on the adsorption.     

Microwave-assisted synthesis of composite sorbents on the basis of silica modified by polyvinyl alcohol

The synthesis of composite sorbents from porous silica modified by polyvinyl alcohol was studied. The initial silica retained its porosity after modification which was performed by application of polyvinyl alcohol from aqueous solution. The subsequent thermal or microwave treatment gave nanolayers of water-resistant polyvinyl alcohol. Microwave irradiation was found to be more advantageous than conventional thermal treatment from the viewpoint of the polymeric phase and sorbent parameters. Sorption properties of the resulting sorbents with respect to protein, oligonucleotide, and dyes were studied.     

Generation of a basis set for the calculation of molecular magnetic properties

Completeness conditions have been applied in the theory of molecular magnetic properties to determine the best gauge for a given basis set. They can similarly be used to optimise the basis for a fixed gauge origin. Test results indicate that the gauge dependence of the calculated properties can be significantly reduced in this way.     

Synthesis of chitosan-mineral sorbents on fibrous supports and study of their properties

Mechanoacoustic method was used to obtain ultrafine suspensions based on chitosan solutions and inorganic fillers. The rheological properties of the resulting suspensions, their finishing capacity for linen materials, and sorption capacity for copper ions of the fibrous sorbents obtained were examined.     

Nanoparticle composition of a ferrofluid and its effects on the magnetic properties

Experiments were carried out on a water-based ferrofluid (gamma-Fe2O3 with carboxydextran shell) using photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), atomic force microscopy, and magnetic nanoparticle relaxation measurements. The experiments were designed with the aim to relate the Néel signals that are in theory generated by large single core particles with nanoscopic properties, that is, particle size, particle size distribution, shell properties, and aggregation. For this purpose, the ferrofluid was fractionated by magnetic fractionation and size exclusion chromatography. Nanoparticles adsorbed onto positively charged substrates form a two-dimensional monolayer. Their mean core diameters are in the range of 6 to about 20 nm, and particles above 10 nm are mostly aggregates. The hydrodynamic particle diameters are between 13 and 80 nm. The core diameter of the smallest fraction is confirmed by X-ray reflectometry; the surface coverage is controlled by bulk diffusion. Comparison with the hydrodynamic radius yields a shell thickness of 3.8 nm. Considering the shell thickness to be constant for all particles, it was possible to calculate the apparent particle diameter in the original ferrofluid from the PCS signals of all fractions. As expected, the small cores yielded no Néel relaxation signals in freeze-dried samples; however, the fractions containing mostly aggregates yielded Néel relaxation signals.     

Effect of surfactants on properties of composite sorbents based on fullerene black

Synthesis of composite sorbents by molding of fullerene blacks with a solution of polyacrylamide as a binder and surfactants was studied. The effect of surfactants of varied nature on the wettability of fullerene blacks and the sorption and mechanical properties of the molded products obtained was considered.     

Polyanine and its composites as sorbents of influenza viruses

Polyaniline and its composites with carbon nanotubes or silver nanoparticles are prepared and characterized via electron microscopy, spectroscopy, conductometry, and BET analysis. The in vitro and in vivo toxicities of the materials are studied, and then the materials are used as sorbents of the influenza A and B viruses. It is shown that the best sorption capacity with respect to all of the virus strains is exhibited by the polyaniline composite with silver, which provides for almost complete removal of viruses from aqueous solutions.     

The influence of temperature on the ion exchange properties of phenolformaldehyde sorbents

The influence of temperature on cation exchange on phenol groups of macroporous materials based on phenolformaldehyde resins (PFRs) was studied for Amberlit XAD 761 with irregularly shaped grains obtained by breaking up polycondensation resin blocks and FFS-1.4/0.7 with spherical granules. An increase in temperature caused some decrease in the sorption capacity of PFRs in the alkaline region, but almost did not influence the selectivity of alkali metal ion exchange. The sorption capacity and selectivity of PFRs did not change after multiple (dozens of cycles) transfer of phenol groups from the hydrogen to salt form and back. Ion exchangers of this type can effectively be used for separating mixtures of alkali metal ions containing cesium and rubidium.     

Study of structure properties of organized silica sorbents synthesized on polymeric templates

Mesoporous silica materials were synthesized by applying Pluronic type polymers as pore creating agents. The composition of a reacting mixture and the process conditions were changed in a synthesis procedure. These changes differentiated the characteristics of porous structure of obtained sorbents. The parameters characterizing the pore structure were estimated and the changes of pore arrangement of obtained materials being a result of different synthesis conditions were investigated. The small-angle XRD results indicate that F cubic structure was formed what confirms the cage-like ordering of the synthesized silicas.