Bose--Einstein Condensates with Two- and Three-Body Interactions in an Anharmonic Trap at Finite Temperature

The transition temperature, the depletion of the condensate atoms and the collective excitations of a Bose-Einstein condensation （BEC） with two- and three-body interactions in an anharmonic trap at finite temperature are studied in detail. By using the Popov version of the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov （HFB） approximation, an extended self-consistent model describing BEC with both two- and three-body interactions in a distorted harmonic potential at finite temperature is obtained and solved numerically. The results show that the transition temperature, the condensed atom number and the collective excitations are modified dramatically by the atomic three-body interactions and the distortion of the harmonic trap.     

Implementing a Multi-Qubit Quantum Phase Gate Encoded by Photonic Qubit

A protocol is proposed to implement a three-qubit phase gate for photonic qubits in a three-mode cavity. The idea can be extended to directly implement a N-qubit phase gate. We also show that the interaction time remains unchanged with the increasing number of qubits. In addition, the influence of cavity decay and atomic spontaneous emission on the gate fidelity and photon loss probability is also discussed by numerical calculation.     

Locally Rotationally Symmetric Bianchi Type-I Model with Time Varying Λ Term

We investigate the locally rotationally symmetric (LRS) Bianchi type-I cosmological model for stiff matter and a vacuum solution with a cosmological term proportional to R^-m (R is the scale factor and m is a positive constant). The cosmological term decreases with time. We obtain that for both the cases the present universe is accelerating with a large fraction of cosmological density in the form of a cosmological term.     

Another Conserved Quantity by Mei Symmetry of Tzénoff Equation for Non-Holonomic Systems

As a direct result of Mei symmetry of the Ténoff equation for non-holonomic mechanical systems, another conserved quantity is studied. The expression and the determining equations of the above conserved quantity are also presented. Using this method, it is easier to find out conserved quantity than ever. In the last, an example is presented to illustrate applications of the new results.     

A Wide Band Strong Acoustic Absorption in a Locally Network Anechoic Coating

Composite materials with interpenetrating network structures usually exhibit unexpected merit due to the cooperative interaction. Locally resonant phononic crystals （LRPC） exhibit excellent sound attenuation performance based on a periodical arrangement of sound wave scatters. Inspired by the interpenetrating network structure and the LRPC concept, we develop a locally network anechoic coating （LNAC） that can achieve a wide band of underwater strong acoustic absorption. The experimental results show that the LNAC possesses an excellent underwater acoustic absorbing capacity in a wide frequency range. Moreover, in order to investigate the impact of the interpenetrating network structure, we fabricate a faultage structure sample and the network is disconnected by hard polyurethane （PU）. The experimental comparison between the LNAC and the fanltage structure sample shows that the interpenetrating network structure of the LNAC plays an important role in achieving a wide band strong acoustic absorption.     

Clockwise vs Counter-Clockwise I-V Hysteresis of Point-Contact Metal-Tip/Pr0.7 Ca0.3MnO3/Pt Devices

Metal-tip/Pr0.7Ca0.3MnO3/Pt devices possess two types of I-V hysteresis： clockwise vs counter clockwise depending on the tip materials. The criteria for categorization of these two types of devices can be simply based on whether the Gibbs free energy of oxidation for the metal tip is lower or higher than that of PCMO, respectively. While the clockwise hysteresis can be attributed to electric field induced oxidation/reduction, the counter clockwise hysteresis can be explained by oxygen vacancy migration in an electrical field. Alternating-current conductance spectra also reveal distinct hopping barriers between these two categories of devices at high resistive states.     

Mechanical Properties and Anisotropy in PbWO4 Single Crystal

The mechanical properties of PbWO4 （PWO） crystals grown by the vertical Bridgman method are systematically investigated using the microindentation technique. In the present work, the Vickers microhardness Hν, fracture toughness Kc, yield strength σy and friability index Bi of PbWO4 crystals are measured. The Vickers microhardness Hν on the （100） wafer is about 140 MPa, which means that PWO is a little soft＇＇ scintillator. The anisotropy of mechanical properties is also investigated under a steady load of 0.5 kg. The （100） wafer of the crystal exhibits combined mechanical properties more excellent than those of （111） and （001） wafers, and the values of Kc, σy, and Bi are 0.538 MPa＆#12539;m1/2, 51.11 kg/mm2 and 284.96 νm-1/2, respectively.     

Raman Investigation of Sodium Titanate Nanotubes under Hydrostatic Pressures up to 26.9GPa

High pressure behavior of sodium titanate nanotubes （Na2Ti2O5） is investigated by Raman spectroscopy in a diamond anvil cell （DAC） at room temperature. The two pressure-induced irreversible phase transitions are observed under the given pressure. One occurs at about 4.2 GPa accompanied with a new Raman peak emerging at 834 cm-1 which results from the lattice distortion of the Ti-O network in titanate nanotubes. It can be can be assigned to Ti-O lattice vibrations within lepidocrocite-type （H0.7Ti1.825V0.175O4＆#12539;H2O）TiO6 octahedral host layers with V being vacancy. The structure of the nanotubes transforms to orthorhombic lepidocrocite structure. Another amorphous phase transition occurs at 16.7 GPa. This phase transition is induced by the collapse of titanate nanotubes. All the Raman bands shift toward higher wavenumbers with a pressure dependence ranging from 1.58-5.6 cm-1/GPa.     

Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Simulation of a Red Blood Cell

A worm-like chain model based on a spectrin network is employed to study the biomechanics of red blood cells. Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations are performed to obtain a stable configuration free of external loadings. We also discuss the influence of two parameters： the average bending modulus and the persistence length. The change in shape of a malaria-infected red blood cell can contribute to the change in its molecular-based structure. As the persistence length of the membrane network in the infected red blood cell decreases, the deformability decreases and the biconcave shape is destroyed. The numerical results are comparable with previously reported experimental results. The coarse-grained model can be used to study the relationship between macro-mechanical properties and molecular-scale structures of cells.     

An Efficient Control Strategy of Epidemic Spreading on Scale-Free Networks

We present a novel and effective method for controlling epidemic spreading on complex networks, especially on scale-free networks. The proposed strategy is performed by deleting edges according to their significances （the significance of an edge is defined as the product of the degrees of two nodes of this edge）. In contrast to other methods, e.g., random immunization, proportional immunization, targeted immunization, acquaintance immunization and so on, which mainly focus on how to delete nodes to realize the control of epidemic spreading on complex networks, our method is more effective in realizing the control of epidemic spreading on complex networks, moreover, such a method can better retain the integrity of complex networks.     

Lattice Waves in Two-Dimensional Hexagonal Quantum Plasma Crystals

Lattice waves including a longitudinal wave and a transverse wave in two-dimensional hexagonal quantum plasma crystals are investigated by using the modified Debye-Hückel screening potential. It is shown that there exists an unstable region of lattice parameters, where the system will melt. The general dispersion relations are derived, and the waves propagating parallel to a primitive translation vector are discussed. We find that both the longitudinal and transverse waves are acoustic-like, and the longitudinal wave has a greater sound speed than that of the transverse wave in the long wavelength limit region.     

Improved Quantum Evolutionary Computation Based on Particle SwarmOptimization and Two-Crossovers

A quantum evolutionary computation （QEC） algorithm with particle swarm optimization （PSO） and two-crossovers is proposed to overcome identified limitations. PSO is adopted to update the Q-bit automatically, and two-crossovers are applied to improve the convergence quality in the basic QEC model. This hybrid strategy can effectively employ both the ability to jump out of the local minima and the capacity of searching the global optimum. The performance of the proposed approach is compared with basic QEC on the standard unconstrained scalable benchmark problem that numerous hard combinatorial optimization problems can be formulated. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the basic QEC quite significantly.     

Entanglement Evolution of a Two-Qubit System beyond Rotating-Wave Approximation

Two noninteracting qubits, initially entangled in Bell states, are coupled to a one-mode cavity and evolve under its influence. The entanglement evolution of the two qubits is investigated beyond the rotating-wave approximation. It is shown that the counter-rotating wave terms have a great influence on the disentanglement behavior.     

A Toy Model for Magnetic Field Configurations in Black Hole Accretion Discs

We discuss the feature of the magnetic field configuration arising from double counter oriented electric currentrings in the accretion disc around a Kerr black hole （BH）. We discuss the relevant physical quantities corresponding to this configuration： （1） the power and torque transferred by the large-scale magnetic field, （2） the angular momentum and energy fluxes transferred from the BIt to the inner disc, （3） the radiation flux from the disc. In addition, we discuss the possibility that the closed magnetic field anchored at the disc probably evolves to the open magnetic field, which is helpful to produce the jet from the disc.     

Comment on Q-Switched Tm：YAG Laser Intracavity-Pumped by a 1064 nm Laser

The paper published in Chin. Phys. Lett. 26 （2009） 124211 reported a Q-switched 2-tim Tm：YAG laser that is intracavity pumped by a Nd： YAG laser with emission at 1.06μm. However, analysis of the experimental setup concludes that only the Nd：YAG laser is Q-switched, and the Tm：YAG laser operates in the free-generation regime. Therefore, Q-switch operation for the 2μm emission wavelength is not realized.     

Formability and Thermal Stability of Ce62Al15Fe8Co15 Bulk Metallic Glass

The formability and thermal stability of Ce62Al15Fe8Co15 bulk metallic glass （BMG） are studied by x-ray diffraction （XRD） and differential scanning calorimetry. The critical diameter of Ce62Al15Fe8Co15 BMG predicted by the parameter γ is about 3.1 mm, which is roughly in agreement with the XRD results. Stability of the BMG is investigated by means of continuous crystallization diagrams obtained from the extension of the Kissinger and Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann （VFT） equations comparatively. It is found that the dependence of crystallization temperature of the BMG on heating rates follows a nonlinear relationship rather than Kissinger and Lasoka＇s linear fittings. The thermal stability of the BMG is investigated by the VFT equation.     

Continuous-Variable Quantum Teleportation of Entangled Coherent States

We propose a quantum teleportation scheme for tripartite entangled coherent state （ECS） with continuous variable. Our scheme is feasible and economical in the sense that we need only linear optical devices such as beam splitters, phase shifters and photon detectors and employ three bipartite maximally ECSs as quantum channels. We also generalize the tripartite scheme into multipartite ease and calculate the minimum average fidelity for the schemes in tripartite and multipartite cases.     

Modification of Band Gap of -SiC by N-Doping

The geometrical and electronic structures of nitrogen-doped β-SiC are investigated by employing the first principles of plane wave ultra-soft pseudo-potential technology based on density functional theory. The structures of SiC1-xNx （x = 0, 1/32, 1/16, 1/8, 1/4） with different doping concentrations are optimized. The results reveal that the band gap of β-SiC transforms from an indirect band gap to a direct band gap with band gap shrinkage after carbon atoms are replaced by nitrogen atoms. The Fermi level shifts from valence band top to conduction band by doping nitrogen in pure β-SiC, and the doped β-SiC becomes metallic. The degree of Fermi levels entering into the conduction band increases with the increment of doping concentration; however, the band gap becomes narrower. This is attributed to defects with negative electricity occurring in surrounding silicon atoms. With the increase of doping concentration, more residual electrons, more easily captured by the 3p orbit in the silicon atom, will be provided by nitrogen atoms to form more defects with negative electricity.     

First-Principles Study of Li Doping in a Double-Wall Carbon Nanotube

By performing first-principles calculations, we study Li doping in a double-wall carbon nanotube where a （5,0） tube is confined inside a （14,0） tube. There are three possible sites for Li doping and two of them are energetically favorable. The change of energy band structure is closely related to the doping sites and the charge transfer is investigated. Bader charge analysis indicates that Li prefers to donate its electron to the inner （5,0） tube. Moreover, the Li capacity of the system can reach LIC4.75 which makes it a promising candidate for Li-ion battery materials.