三种瓜环与苯并吲唑衍生物的超分子自组装

设计、合成了医药中间体3-吡啶基苯并吲唑衍生物(DIHY)作为客体分子,并利用~1H NMR、质谱、等温量热滴定和紫外吸收光谱法考察了主体对称四甲基六元瓜环(TMeQ[6])、七元瓜环(Q[7])以及八元瓜环(Q[8])和与其相互作用的结构特征.结果表明,这三种具有不同空腔大小的瓜环与DIHY之间具有不同的作用模式.TMe Q[6]-DIHY体系中,客体分子位于瓜环的端口处; Q[7]-DIHY体系中,客体分子DIHY的4,5-二氢-2H-苯并吲唑部分进入到瓜环的空腔内部,而吡啶基团位于瓜环的端口形成1∶1的类轮烷结构; Q[8]-DIHY体系中, 2个客体分子DIHY的4,5-二氢-2H-苯并吲唑部分以"面对面"的堆叠方式进入到Q[8]的空腔中,而吡啶基团位于瓜环的端口,自组装形成1∶2的超分子结构.     

七、八元瓜环对萘二胺异构体相互作用的考察

利用紫外吸收光谱、荧光光谱以及¹H NMR方法考察了七、八元瓜环(Q[7], Q[8])与1,8-萘二胺(g1), 2,3-萘二胺(g2), 1,5-萘二胺(g3)的相互作用. 实验结果表明: Q[7]与客体g1发生端口作用, 作用比为1∶1; Q[7]与客体g2, g3相互作用也形成1∶1的包结配合物. Q[8]与三种客体相互作用情况各不相同, 除Q[8]与客体g2相互作用形成1∶2的包结配合物; Q[8]与客体g1或g3可发生相互作用, 形成溶解性较差的作用产物, 其表观相互作用的比例为1∶1. 考察溶液酸度对主客体相互作用的影响还表明: 当pH大于某一值之后, 如Q[7]主客体体系, pH大于6.0; Q[8]主客体体系, pH大于12.0, 用光谱方法观察不到瓜环与客体的相互作用. Q[7], Q[8]为主体的上述主客体作用产物分别与金刚烷胺盐酸盐、1,10-癸二胺盐酸盐的竞争反应结果表明, 已作用的萘二胺异构体容易被所选用的竞争客体所取代, 只有g2与Q[8]形成的包结配合物被1,10-癸二胺盐酸盐部分取代.     

七元瓜环与1,7-二(2-苯并咪唑)庚烷的相互作用及自组装

利用~1H NMR法、紫外吸收光谱法、荧光发射光谱法和单晶X射线衍射等方法考察了七元瓜环(Q[7])与氯化1,7-二(2-苯并咪唑)庚烷(SBHt)在酸性溶液中的相互作用过程及组装模式.首先考察了主客体相互作用对客体p Ka的影响,以确定研究主客体相互作用以及组装过程的实验条件.~1H NMR滴定实验结果表明,在水溶液中主客体可形成1∶1和2∶1的主客体包结配合物,当主客体物质的量之比为1∶1时,Q[7]包结SBHt的烷基链,两端苯并咪唑基团处于瓜环端口外侧;当主客体物质的量之比为2∶1时,两个Q[7]分别包结同一SBHt分子的两端苯并咪唑基团,这一实验结果得到荧光发射光谱的佐证.Q[7]与SBHt形成1∶1的主客体包结配合物的晶体结构表明,客体烷基链在瓜环空腔内发生折叠以使其通过离子偶极及氢键与Q[7]有效作用.     

八元瓜环与1,7-二(2-苯并咪唑)-庚烷的超分子自组装

以氯化1,7-二（2-苯并咪唑）-庚烷（SBHt）为客体,八元瓜环（Q[8]）为主体,利用¹H NMR技术、动态光散射实验、荧光发射光谱、紫外吸收光谱详细探索了其在溶液中的相互作用、超分子自组装过程及作用模式. 首先考察了八元瓜环对客体pKa的影响,确定了研究主客体相互作用的条件,并详细探索了主客体的超分子自组装过程及作用模式. 主体Q[8]与客体SBHt相互作用的¹H NMR谱图表明,主客体相互作用自组装形成1：1超分子聚合物. 这一推断得到动态光散射实验、紫外吸收光谱、荧光发射光谱测定结果的证实,并通过紫外吸收光谱、荧光发射光谱确定其表观稳定常数分别为2.79×10⁵ L/mol及2.48×10⁵ L/mol. 而晶体结构测定表明主体Q[8]与客体SBHt自组装形成1：2的简单包结配合物. 导致Q[8]与SBHt在溶液中和固体状态下形成不同自组装结构可能源于瓜环的外壁作用与包结作用竞争所致.     

六元瓜环与配位聚合物[Cd(H2O)3 Cl(4-PCA)]的超分子自组装及光催化性能

本文用水热法合成得到一个六元瓜环(Q[6])与一氯三水(4-吡啶甲酸)合镉(Ⅱ)配位聚合物自组装作用形成的超分子自组装体Q[6]·[Cd(H_2O)_3Cl(4-PCA)]_2·22(H_2O)。自组装体的形成源于瓜环的外壁作用,即Q[6]正电性静电势外壁与配位聚合物中4-吡啶甲酸吡啶环和配位Cl~-离子间的超分子相互作用,以及配位聚合物镉(Ⅱ)离子上配位水分子与瓜环端口羰基氧原子间的氢键作用。该自组装体对溶液中染料具有吸附作用和光催化降解的性能。     

六元瓜环、对称四甲基六元瓜环与2,2'-(1,8-辛烷)-二异喹啉二溴化物的自组装模式

利用核磁共振波谱、 紫外吸收光谱、 荧光光谱和单晶X射线衍射分析等考察了六元瓜环(Q[6])及对称四甲基六元瓜环(TMeQ[6])与2,2'-(1,8-辛烷)-二异喹啉二溴化物的相互作用. 实验结果表明, 客体分子分别与这2种瓜环自组装形成相似的1∶1包结配合物, 但晶体结构分析结果表明两个体系在主客体分子间作用力诱导下形成了不同的空间堆积模式, 其包结常数分别为K_K8-Q[6]=4.18×10⁷ L/mol, K_K8-TMeQ[6]=6.11×10⁷ L/mol.     

六元瓜环与二氯化-1,8-二(2-苯并咪唑基)辛烷的自组装模式

采用¹H NMR、 荧光光谱和紫外吸收光谱法考察了主体六元瓜环与合成客体二氯化-1,8-二(2-苯并咪唑基)辛烷的自组装模式. 结果表明, 六元瓜环能与二氯化-1,8-二(2-苯并咪唑基)辛烷发生相互作用, 瓜环包结客体分子的苯并咪唑基团, 烷基链置于瓜环端口外侧. 自组装模式与主客体的摩尔比密切相关. 当主客体的摩尔比为1:1时, 1个瓜环包结客体分子的一端苯并咪唑基团形成棒槌形的包结配合物; 当主客体的摩尔比为2:1时, 2个瓜环分别包结客体分子的两端苯并咪唑基团形成哑铃型的主客体包结配合物.     

六元和七元瓜环与两类端邻苯二甲酰亚胺基紫精轮烷的组装及性质

设计合成了2种不同碳链长度的客体分子1,1'-二甲基邻苯二甲酰亚胺基-4,4'-联吡啶溴化物 (G1)和1,1'-二丁基邻苯二甲酰亚胺基-4,4'-联吡啶溴化物(G2). 利用紫外-可见吸收光谱、 核磁共振波谱和等温滴定量热等方法研究了客体分子G1和G2与六元(Q[6])和七元瓜环(Q[7])的超分子自组装方式. 结果表明, 在加热回流情况下G1与Q[6]利用滑移法能与紫精基团包结形成[2]轮烷结构, 而Q[7]在常温下就能滑过封端基团邻苯二甲酰亚胺与紫精基团包结形成[2]准轮烷结构.     

三种瓜环与4,4＇-联吡啶及N,N＇-二甲基4,4＇-联吡啶盐酸盐相互作用的研究

以七元瓜环（Q[7]）和新型椭圆型改性瓜环——对称四甲基取代六元瓜环（TMeQ[6]）为主体，4,4＇-联吡啶的盐酸盐（44）以及N,N＇-二甲基4,4＇-联吡啶的盐酸盐（dm44）为客体的主客体相互作用进行了考察．实验结果表明，Q[7]与客体44及dm44作用体系中，客体为了更有效地被主体Q[7]包结，在Q[7]内腔中呈倾斜状分布的几率最高．用核磁共振、循环伏安以及紫外吸收光谱对实验结果进行了印证和补充，验证了TMeQ[6]与客体44及dm44可发生较强的相互作用，形成一维的自组装超分于结构，核磁共振以及循环伏安方法的实验结果表明，没有观察到Q[6]与客体44及dm44的明显作用，而紫外吸收光谱方法证实，Q[6]与客体44确实存在一定的相互作用，比较主客体的结构特征，该作用体系也可能存在自组装的一维超分子结构等多种作用形式．     

瓜环与4,4'-二氨基二苯甲烷衍生物的相互作用

合成了三种长链多芳环多胺基客体,它们分别由三种醛基吡啶异构体与4,4'-二氨基二苯甲烷形成的Schiff碱还原而成,并得到1H NMR以及质谱分析方法表征证实.以核磁共振技术、紫外吸收光谱分析方法以及滴定1H NMR方法为研究手段,对瓜环(cucurbit[n]urils,n=6～8)分别与三种4,4'-二[N-(吡啶甲基)氨基]二苯甲烷盐酸盐相互作用进行了考察.实验结果表明,六元瓜环与三种4,4'-二[N-(吡啶甲基)氨基]二苯甲烷盐酸盐相互作用均形成物质的量之比为2∶1的哑铃型包结配合物;八元瓜环与三种N,N'-二(N-(吡啶甲基)二苯甲烷盐酸盐相互作用形成以类轮烷结构为主的包结配合物;七元瓜环与三种N,N'-二(N-(吡啶甲基)二苯甲烷盐酸盐相互作用存在多种模式的竞争.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径--光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。