新型鳞片状聚合物修饰硅胶填料固定化酶的制备及其在蛋白质组鉴定中的应用

利用原子转移自由基聚合法制备了鳞片状聚合物修饰的硅胶填料,将其作为一种新型的固定化酶载体,实现了蛋白酶的高密度固定,从而明显缩短了复杂蛋白质样品的酶解时间。使用标准蛋白质对固定化酶的酶解效率进行了考察,结果表明: 鳞片状聚合物修饰的新型固定化酶硅胶填料具有较高的酶解效率,酶解标准蛋白质1 min后,鉴定到肽段的氨基酸序列覆盖率可达95%以上。将该固定化酶硅胶填料成功应用于大肠杆菌全蛋白质的酶解,从2 min酶解肽段的混合物中鉴定到的蛋白质数量超过同样条件下溶液酶解12 h的结果。另外,该固定化酶硅胶填料可以重复使用,其酶解效率具有良好的稳定性和重现性;该固定化酶具有较好的样品回收率,因而可以应用于蛋白质组学研究中。     

新型亲水聚合物修饰硅胶颗粒固定化酶的制备及在蛋白质组鉴定中的应用

采用原子转移自由基聚合法制备了亲水聚合物修饰的硅胶颗粒作为一种新型固定化酶载体,在实现胰蛋白酶高密度固定的同时,显著降低了载体材料非特异性吸附导致的样品损失。因此,该固定化酶材料兼具高酶解效率和高回收率的特性。以标准蛋白质牛血清白蛋白(BSA)为样本,使用该固定化酶1 min即可完成酶解,鉴定到肽段对BSA的氨基酸序列覆盖率可达90%以上。该固定化酶材料成功应用于酵母菌全蛋白质复杂样本的酶解,从3 min酶解产物中鉴定到666个蛋白质,超过同样条件下溶液酶解12 h的鉴定结果。     

氧化铝包裹硅胶核-壳型色谱填料的制备及正相色谱性能研究

采用层层自组装(LBL-SA)技术制备了新型的氧化铝包裹硅胶(Al2O3/Si O2)核-壳型色谱填料。对该填料进行了光电子能谱表征、扫描电镜表征、比表面孔径表征,结果表明Al2O3被成功的组装到了Si O2表面。考察了Al2O3/Si O2填料在正相色谱条件下对碱性、中性和酸性化合物色谱分离行为并与Si O2填料进行了比较性研究。结果表明,由于氧化铝表面的Lewis酸性位点的存在,相比较于Si O2填料而言,Al2O3/Si O2在分离碱性化合物和中性化合物时具有很大的优势,但是也是由于这些Lewis酸性位点,造成酸性化合物在Al2O3/Si O2柱上具有很长的保留时间和严重拖尾的峰形,流动相中少量乙酸的加入可以有效地掩盖Al2O3表面的Lewis酸性位点,减弱其对酸性化合物的吸附。     

核-壳型分子印迹聚合物的制备与应用

分子印迹聚合物是具有与模板分子形状、大小及官能团完全匹配的特异识别位点的高分子聚合物,能选择性识别、有效富集目标分析物(模板分子)并去除干扰物,已广泛应用于样品前处理、化学/生物传感、药物输送等领域.然而,在合成过程中,仍存在模板分子洗脱困难、有效识别位点少、结合容量低、传质速率慢等问题.核-壳型分子印迹聚合物即在核层颗粒表面进行分子印迹,即表面印迹,印迹位点仅存在于壳层结构中,利于模板分子洗脱及扩散,能够增加有效识别位点并提高印迹容量.依据核层材料的不同,本文详细介绍了以磁性材料及非磁性材料为核的核-壳型分子印迹聚合物的合成与应用,探讨了中空核-壳分子印迹聚合物的制备与发展,并对核-壳印迹聚合物的发展前景进行了展望.     

原子转移自由基聚合法制备强阴离子交换色谱填料及其在蛋白质分离中的应用

在大孔硅胶表面引入原子转移自由基聚合的引发基团,通过该技术将甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵聚合于硅胶表面,制得了强阴离子交换色谱填料.详细考察了该填料对标准蛋白质的分离性能及流动相pH、流速、有机溶剂对蛋白质保留的影响.实验结果表明,在流速为0.75 mL/min时,采用线性梯度洗脱,20 min内可快速分离不同体系的三种标准蛋白;并将该填料用于鸡蛋中卵清蛋白的快速分离纯化,取得了很好的效果.     

核-壳型过氧化苯甲酰印迹溶胶-凝胶聚合物的制备及应用

以过氧化苯甲酰为模板分子,采用溶胶-凝胶印迹技术在自制的二氧化硅微球表面成功制备对过氧化苯甲酰具有特异性吸附能力的核-壳型印迹材料,并由红外光谱、扫描电镜和差热分析表征了印迹聚合物。该印迹微聚合物分散性好、热稳定好、平均粒径为300nm,印迹聚合物的壳层厚度为50nm。用高效液相色谱研究了印迹聚合物的吸附性能,结果表明该印迹聚合物对过氧化苯甲酰的选择系数为6.59。作为固相萃取材料,该印迹材料已被成功用于面粉中过氧化苯甲酰的分离和富集,回收率为94.98%。     

用于固定抗体的新型温敏性核—壳结构聚合物微球的合成及其初步应用研究

利用无皂乳液聚合和种子聚合的方法合成了一种以聚苯乙烯为核,聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-co-N-丙烯酸琥珀酰亚胺酯)为壳的单分散的核-壳结构的聚合物微球.用扫描电镜和透射电镜观察了球的形貌特征,发现微球具有清晰的核-壳结构和较好的单分散性,红外光谱显示了在1738cm-1处有酯羰基的特征吸收峰.动态光散射测定发现该聚合物微球具有温敏性,当温度高于聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺的最低临界溶液温度(LCST)时,球的流体力学直径变小.利用微球壳层所含有的琥珀酰亚胺酯基与伯氨基的高反应活性,将抗体Rabbit IgG化学固定在球的壳层上.由于壳层的聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺具有温敏性,反应温度不同结合的抗体的量也不同,在0℃和36.5℃,微球对抗体的结合率分别为61.6%和38.6%.     

微波辅助核-壳型Cr(Ⅲ)离子印迹聚合物的制备及在尿液中的分离应用

以3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷为离子配体,正硅酸乙酯为交联剂,借助微波辅助加热,在二氧化硅表面快速制备Cr(Ⅲ)离子印迹聚合物,聚合时间比常规时间缩短了5倍.利用扫描电镜对印迹聚合物形貌进行了表征,结果表明,该印迹聚合物粒径分布均匀,Cr(Ⅲ)离子成功地包覆在厚度约为40nm的印迹壳层内.详细地探讨了该印迹材料的吸附性能,并利用该印迹聚合物作为固相萃取填充料,成功地用于尿样中Cr(Ⅲ)的固相萃取.     

新型C12糖的合成及其在β-氨基醇手性拆分中的应用

以蔗糖为起始原料,经缩水、水解和缩合反应制得一种新型C12糖———2-[1R-(1,4∶3,6-二缩水果糖)]-异甘露醇(6),其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR和HR-MS表征。以6为手性拆分剂,(R,S)-β-氨基醇[(R,S)-7]在甲醇中被拆分为(R)-7(收率40.5%,>99%ee)和(S)-7(收率40.1%,>99%ee)。     

新型磷杂菲基反应型阻燃剂的合成及其在聚氨酯阻燃中的应用

以9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物和1,4-丁二醇二缩水甘油醚为原料,合成了一种新型的反应型阻燃剂1-（2-羟基-3-磷杂菲）丙氧基-4-环氧丙氧基丁烷(1),其结构和性能经¹H NMR, ³¹P NMR, FT-IR和TG表征。以1为封端剂,聚氨酯（PU）为基材,制备了1/PU阻燃复合材料（2）,研究了1对2阻燃性能和力学性能的影响,初步探讨了1的阻燃机理。结果表明:1具有气相和凝聚相阻燃作用,2燃烧后可形成致密光滑炭层,使点燃时间延长,改善了燃烧熔滴现象。1含量为1%时,2¹的LOI为27%, UL-94燃烧等级为V-0级。     

磁性反相限进材料的制备及其应用

以磁性二氧化硅（Fe₂O₃@SiO₂）为基质,利用表面原子转移自由基聚合技术（SI-ATRP）,在改性后的Fe₂O₃@SiO₂内表面接枝甲基丙烯酸十八烷基酯（SMA）、外表面接枝甲基丙烯酸缩甘油酯（GMA）,酸解后得到磁性反相限进材料Fe₂O₃@SiO₂-SMA-GMMA,并通过扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）、振动样品磁强计（VSM）和元素分析对其进行表征。研究表明,Fe₂O₃@SiO₂-SMA-GMMA对牛血清白蛋白（BSA）的排阻能力为90.4%;对磺胺异恶唑（SIZ）、磺胺二甲氧基嘧啶（SDM）、甲氧苄啶（TMP）和磺胺甲基嘧啶（SMR）的最大吸附量分别为2.76、2.24、1.51和1.34 mg/g。Fe₂O₃@SiO₂-SMA-GMMA应用于牛奶和牛血清样品中SIZ、SMR和SDM的分离富集,SIZ、SMR和SDM的加标回收率为88.7%~90.8%,相对标准偏差为3.3%~5.3%。磁性反相限进材料可简化生物基质样品的前处理过程,对血液样品或食品样品等领域的分析检测具有重要价值。     

新型反相限进材料及其性能

以溴代硅胶为引发剂,CuBr/2,2-联吡啶为催化体系,在改性硅胶上经二步表面引发原子转移自由基聚合(SIATRP)制备内表面接枝甲基丙烯酸十八烷基酯(C18)、外表面接枝甲基丙烯酸环氧丙酯(GMA)、水解得到表面含大量二醇基的新型反相限进材料。使用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、元素分析和热重分析(TGA)对其表征,采用静态吸附实验研究反相限进材料的吸附性能,其对磺胺二甲氧嘧啶和土霉素的最大吸附量分别为18.02和4.80mg/g。结合固相萃取(SPE)评价其对大分子蛋白质的排阻性能,以牛血清白蛋白(BSA)作为排阻大分子模型,排阻能力达90%。将其用于牛奶中土霉素的分离富集,经高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测,土霉素的平均加标回收率为89.19%,相对标准偏差为3.03%。有望将新型反相限进材料和HPLC或液相色谱-质谱(LC-MS)等分析系统结合应用于生物样品的处理和检测。     

原子转移自由基聚合法制备新型亲水开管毛细管柱及在毛细管电色谱上的应用

为了增加开管毛细管柱(OTCC)的相比,提高分离效率,发展了表面引发原子转移自由基聚合法(SI-ATRP)制备葡萄糖聚合物修饰的开管毛细管柱。通过扫描电镜观察,该开管柱内壁上修饰了三维波浪状聚合物,明显增加了内壁比表面积和相比。在pH 3~11范围内,对含糖聚合物修饰的开管柱和空柱的电渗流进行了比较。修饰后开管柱的电渗流仅为空柱的1/2~1/3,且在pH 6~11范围内保持平稳。稳定的电渗流保证了分离的重复性和稳定性。用该开管毛细管柱成功实现了小分子混合物(苯丙氨酸、胸腺嘧啶、腺苷、鸟苷、5-溴尿嘧啶、水杨酸)以及蛋白质大分子(核糖核酸酶B、转铁蛋白和牛血清白蛋白)的有效分离,结果表明葡萄糖聚合物修饰的开管毛细管柱具有良好的重复性和稳定性。     

Synthesis of double hydrophilic graft copolymer containing poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(methacrylic acid) side chains via successive ATRP

A well‐defined double hydrophilic graft copolymer, with polyacrylate as backbone, hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(methacrylic acid) as side chains, was synthesized via successive atom transfer radical polymerization followed by the selective hydrolysis of poly(methoxymethyl methacrylate) side chains. The grafting‐through strategy was first used to prepare poly[poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate] comb copolymer. The obtained comb copolymer was transformed into macroinitiator by reacting with lithium diisopropylamine and 2‐bromopropionyl chloride. Afterwards, grafting‐from route was employed for the synthesis of poly[poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate]‐g‐poly(methoxymethyl methacrylate) amphiphilic graft copolymer. The molecular weight distribution of this amphiphilic graft copolymer was narrow. Poly(methoxymethyl methacrylate) side chains were connected to polyacrylate backbone through stable C? C bonds instead of ester connections. The final product, poly[poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate]‐g‐poly(methacrylate acid), was obtained by selective hydrolysis of poly(methoxymethyl methacrylate) side chains under mild conditions without affecting the polyacrylate backbone. This double hydrophilic graft copolymer was found be stimuli‐responsive to pH and ionic strength. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 4056–4069, 2008     

PNIPAM‐b‐(PEA‐g‐PDMAEA) double‐hydrophilic graft copolymer: Synthesis and its application for preparation of gold nanoparticles in aqueous media

A series of well‐defined double‐hydrophilic graft copolymers, consisting of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐b‐poly(ethyl acrylate) (PNIPAM‐b‐PEA) backbone and poly(2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl acrylate) (PDMAEA) side chains, were synthesized by the combination of single‐electron‐transfer living radical polymerization (SET‐LRP) and atom‐transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). PNIPAM‐b‐PEA backbone was first prepared by sequential SET‐LRP of N‐isopropylacrylamide and 2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate at 25 °C using CuCl/tris(2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl)amine as catalytic system followed by the transformation into the macroinitiator by treating the pendant hydroxyls with 2‐chloropropionyl chloride. The final graft copolymers with narrow molecular weight distributions were synthesized by ATRP of 2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl acrylate initiated by the macroinitiator at 40 °C using CuCl/tris(2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl)amine as catalytic system via the grafting‐from strategy. These copolymers were employed to prepare stable colloidal gold nanoparticles with controlled size in aqueous solution without any external reducing agent. The morphology and size of the nanoparticles were affected by the length of PDMAEA side chains, pH value, and the feed ratio of the graft copolymer to HAuCl₄. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 1811–1824, 2009     

Fabrication of molecularly imprinted resin via controlled polymerization applied in the enrichment of bisphenol A for plastic products

The addition of bisphenol A has been frequently used in industrial manufacturing because it imparts plastic products with characteristics such as transparency, durability, and excellent impact resistance. However, its widespread use raises concerns about potential leakage into the surrounding environment, which poses a significant risk to human health. In this study, molecularly imprinted polymers with specific recognition of bisphenol A were synthesized through surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization using poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) as the substrate, bisphenol A as the template molecule, 4-vinylpyridine as the monomer, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the cross-linker. The bisphenol A adsorption capacity was experimentally investigated, and the kinetic analysis of the molecularly imprinted polymers produced an adsorption equilibrium time of 25 min, which is consistent with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The results of the static adsorption experiments exhibited consistency with the Langmuir adsorption model, revealing a maximum adsorption capacity of 387.2 μmol/g. The analysis of molecularly imprinted polymers-enriched actual samples using high-performance liquid chromatography demonstrated excellent selectivity for bisphenol A, with a linear range showing 93.4%–99.7% recovery and 1.1%–6.4% relative standard deviation, demonstrating its high potential for practical bisphenol A detection and enrichment applications.     

Synthesis and characterization of sulfonated block copolymers by atom transfer radical polymerization

Well‐defined sulfonated polystyrene and block copolymers with n‐butyl acrylate (nBA) were synthesized by CuBr catalyzed living radical polymerization. Neopentyl p‐styrene sulfonate (NSS) was polymerized with ethyl‐2‐bromopropionate initiator and CuBr catalyst with N,N,N′,N′‐pentamethylethyleneamine to give poly(NSS) (PNSS) with a narrow molecular weight distribution (MWD < 1.12). PNSS was then acidified by thermolysis resulting in a polystyrene backbone with 100% sulfonic acid groups. Random copolymers of NSS and styrene with various composition ratios were also synthesized by copolymerization of NSS and styrene with different feed ratios (MWD < 1.11). Well defined block copolymers with nBA were synthesized by sequential polymerization of NSS from a poly(n‐butyl acrylate) (PnBA) precursor using CuBr catalyzed living radical polymerization (MWD < 1.29). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 5991–5998, 2008     

Synthesis and characterization of well‐defined ABC‐type triblock copolymers via atom transfer radical polymerization and stable free‐radical polymerization

An asymmetric difunctional initiator 2‐phenyl‐2‐[(2,2,6,6 tetramethylpiperidino)oxy] ethyl 2‐bromo propanoate ( 1 ) was used for the synthesis of ABC‐type methyl methacrylate (MMA)‐tert‐butylacrylate (tBA)‐styrene (St) triblock copolymers via a combination of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and stable free‐radical polymerization (SFRP). The ATRP‐ATRP‐SFRP or SFRP‐ATRP‐ATRP route led to ABC‐type triblock copolymers with controlled molecular weight and moderate polydispersity (M_w/M_n < 1.35). The block copolymers were characterized by gel permeation chromatography and ¹H NMR. The retaining chain‐end functionality and the applying halide exchange afforded high blocking efficiency as well as maintained control over entire routes. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 2025–2032, 2002     

Synthesis of diblock copolymers by combining stable free radical polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization

A stable nitroxyl radical functionalized with an initiating group for atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), 4‐(2‐bromo‐2‐methylpropionyloxy)‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐1‐piperidinyloxy (Br‐TEMPO), was synthesized by the reaction of 4‐hydroxyl‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐1‐piperidinyloxy with 2‐bromo‐2‐methylpropionyl bromide. Stable free radical polymerization of styrene was then carried out using a conventional thermal initiator, dibenzoyl peroxide, along with Br‐TEMPO. The obtained polystyrene had an active bromine atom for ATRP at the ω‐end of the chain and was used as the macroinitiator for ATRP of methyl acrylate and ethyl acrylate to prepare block copolymers. The molecular weights of the resulting block copolymers at different monomer conversions shifted to higher molecular weights and increased with monomer conversion. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 2468–2475, 2006     

Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Branched Polymers

Summary: The combination of enzymatic polymerization with ATRP for the synthesis of branched (block) copolymers was investigated. Heterotelechelic polycaprolactone macroinimer was synthesized in a one‐pot enzymatic procedure by using 2‐hydroxyethyl α‐bromoisobutyrate as a bifunctional initiator. A polymerizable end group was introduced by subsequent in situ enzymatic acrylation with vinyl acrylate. Branched polymers were obtained by subsequent atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP).

Enzymatic synthesis of heterotelechelic macromonomers and subsequent self condensing vinyl polymerization by ATRP.