非平行板叠驻波型热声发动机热力性能研究

热声发动机板叠两端存在较大的温度梯度,导致沿板叠轴向的热渗透深度出现严重的不均一性,影响到热声转换效应的发挥。本文提出了板叠结构形式与温度梯度相一致的结构设计理念,并构建了非平行板叠结构的驻波型热声发动机数理模型。针对不同板叠锥角热声发动机的热力性能展开了深入研究和对比分析,得出板叠锥角对热声发动机频率、压比、压力振幅和体积流率等热力参数的影响关系。结果表明:与平行板叠结构相比,当选取合适锥角时,渐缩和渐扩式板叠结构均可提高热声系统的性能,在1°和-2.81°时系统的最大声功流分别提高了103.9%和88.8%。研究结果为进一步改善热声热机性能提供理论支撑。     

带标量修正的气膜冷却各向异性湍流模型

本文采用作者提出的带标量修正的代数各向异性湍流模型,对平板带复合角气膜冷却在带横槽/不带横槽情况下的流动传热进行了研究.通过比较不同工况下的流动传热预测结果,讨论了湍流动量、标量输运对于气膜冷却预测的影响.各向异性修正的雷诺应力项能减弱各向同性湍流模型所带来的肾形涡系强度过预测的问题。而各向异性的湍流标量扩散项则能有效地将雷诺应力和温度梯度对于湍流标量扩散系数的影响体现出来。结果表明带标量修正的各向异性湍流模型能很好地提高气膜冷却的预测精度.     

悬臂方薄板振动的辐射声场及竖裂纹对其频谱的影响

在将悬臂板挠度表示为正交多项式之和的基础上，利用瑞利-里兹方法求解了悬臂板的前几阶振动模态频率及挠度．进而利用瑞利积分求解了其自由振动辐射声场的分布规律。用分区技术的瑞利-里兹方法求解了竖裂纹对悬臂板低阶模态频率的影响，并将计算结果与有限元结果作了对照。实验上用小球撞击法测定了含竖裂纹悬臂板辐射声场的频谱，谱成分与有限元结果基本符合。     

磁性薄膜的有效垂直磁各向异性场的全输运测量

采用磁控溅射方法,通过金属掩膜板制备了霍尔棒形状"CoFeB/MgO"体系薄膜样品,其中CoFeB层厚度为1.0nm、1.1nm、1.2nm,利用垂直温度梯度的反常能斯特效应和反常霍尔效应对其相关磁输运特性进行了测量,所得结果可分别等效为常规面内和垂直方向的磁滞回线,并由此获得了薄膜的有效垂直各向异性场.     

各向异性作用下合金定向凝固界面稳定性的渐近分析

采用渐近分析方法对考虑了界面能各向异性的单相二元合金平界面定向凝固过程进行了线性稳定性分析,得到了特定条件下的零级、一级渐近解,并通过对长波段渐近解的讨论得出了适用于整个波段的色散关系.分析表明零级渐近解等效于成分过冷理论,而一级渐近解则与M-S稳定性理论一致.在稳定状态控制参数(抽拉速度和温度梯度)的选择图中,界面能各向异性增大了不稳定区域,且在高速和高温度梯度时的影响更强. 关键词： 定向凝固 界面稳定性 渐近分析 各向异性     

各向异性有耗介质板介电系数和电导率的反演

简述了各向异性介质FDTD方法，并用FDTD方法分析了三维各向异性有耗介质板的瞬态后向散射.根据各向异性介质板后向散射与入射电磁波极化方向有关的特点，利用其后向RCS的谐振特性和后向散射场的时域波形特点反演有耗介质板的横向介电系数和电导率.数值模拟结果表明本反演方法可行，且方便、快捷. 关键词： 各向异性板 FDTD方法 有耗介质 谐振 反演     

各向异性作用下合金定向凝固界面稳定性的渐近分析

采用渐近分析方法对考虑了界面能各向异性的单相二元合金平界面定向凝固过程进行了线性稳定性分析，得到了特定条件下的零级、一级渐近解，并通过对长波段渐近解的讨论得出了适用于整个波段的色散关系.分析表明零级渐近解等效于成分过冷理论，而一级渐近解则与M-S稳定性理论一致.在稳定状态控制参数(抽拉速度和温度梯度)的选择图中，界面能各向异性增大了不稳定区域，且在高速和高温度梯度时的影响更强.     

集成电路微互连结构中的热迁移

高工作电流在集成电路微互连结构中产生大量焦耳热,引起局部区域的温升、形成高温度梯度,金属原子沿着温度梯度反向运动发生热迁移.热迁移是集成电路微互连失效的主要原因之一.阐述了热迁移原理、失效模式及原子迁移方程.综述和分析了在单纯温度场、电场和温度场耦合等不同载荷条件下金属引线和合金焊料的热迁移研究.归纳并提出了集成电路微互连结构热迁移研究亟待解决的问题. 关键词： 集成电路 微互连 热迁移     

基于激光吸收光谱技术的燃烧场气体温度和浓度二维分布重建研究

基于可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术和代数迭代算法（ART）实现燃烧场温度和浓度二维分布重建．采用时分复用技术,在1kHz扫描频率下分别扫描H2O的两条吸收谱线,7205．25和7416．05cm^-1,对温度分布在300-1100K范围内的气体温度场进行了重建．研究了投影角度和投影光线数目对温度场和浓度场重建结果的影响,并将温度场重建结果与热电偶测量结果进行比较,结果表明,采用四个投影方向时,温度场重建结果与热电偶测量结果除中心低温区域外基本符合．当光线数目减少时,通过在两条光线间增加虚拟光线,代入到迭代算法中,增加光线数目,提高了温度场和浓度场的重建效果．但此方法受到燃烧场温度梯度大小的影响,即在两条光线之间气体温度梯度较大,增加虚拟光线提高温度场重建效果不明显．     

温度和支撑方式对1.2m SiC主镜面形的影响分析

为了研究温度和支撑方式对大口径SiC主镜用于地基望远镜的影响,基于1.2 m SiC主镜建立了有限元模型,分析了主镜在被动支撑和自由膨胀时,恒定温度场,轴向温度梯度,径向温度梯度和内外温差等对主镜面形的影响.结果表明,存在温度梯度时,支撑方式影响不明显,无论是被动支撑还是自由膨胀,镜面面形均很大.在达到热平衡后,即稳态...     

Anisotropic phononic crystal structure with low-frequency bandgap and heat flux manipulation

This study presents a two-dimensional phononic crystal with heat flux manipulation and wide bandgaps of out-of-plane modes within the low-frequency range. The anisotropic matrix made of spiral-multilayered materials with different thermal conductivities, and the coating layer inserted with metal are designed for heat flux manipulation. Rubber-coated metal cylinders are periodically embedded in the anisotropic matrix to obtain the low-frequency bandgaps of out-of-plane modes. Numerical simulation is carried out to validate the heat and elastic characteristics of the spiral-multilayered anisotropic structure and reveal the effects of the laying angle and temperature on the bandgaps. Subsequently, a spiral-multilayered plate with periodic structures is studied, which shows an obvious vibration attenuation in the frequency ranges of the bandgaps and a deflected heat flux from the initial propagation direction. In the experimental investigation, the multi-phase spiral-multilayered anisotropic plate is simplified to a single-phase anisotropic plate made of aluminum. The characteristics of this type of anisotropic phononic crystal structure may pave the way for the design of a new kind of thermo-acoustic metamaterial serving in combined thermal and acoustic environments.     

Prediction of flexoelectricity in BaTiO3 using molecular dynamics simulations

Flexoelectric effect, referring to the strain gradient induced polarization, widely exists in dielectric materials, but its molecular dynamics has not been studied so much so far. In this work, the radial distribution function of BaTiO₃ and the phase transition temperatures have been investigated, and the results show that the core-shell potential model is effective and the structure of BaTiO₃ is stable in a temperature range of 10 K-150 K. Molecular dynamics simulated hysteresis loops of BaTiO₃ show that anisotropy can play an important role in the coercive field. Based on the rational simulation process, the effects of cantilever beam bent angle and fixed length on the polarization are analyzed. It is found that the small bent angle of the curved cantilever beam can give a proportional relationship with a fixed end length and a non-linear relationship is presented when the bent angle is much larger. The prediction of flexoelectric coefficient in BaTiO₃ is 18.5 nC/m. This work provides a computational framework for the study of flexoelectric effect by using molecular dynamics.     

Free vibration of antisymmetric,angle-ply laminated plates including transverse shear deformation by the finite element method

A finite element formulation of the equations governing the laminated anisotropic plate theory of Yang, Norris and Stavsky, is presented. The theory is a generalization of Mindlin's theory for isotropic plates to laminated anisotropic plates and includes shear deformation and rotary inertia effects. Finite element solutions are presented for rectangular plates of antisymmetric angle-ply laminates whose material properties are typical of a highly anisotropic composite material. Two sets of material properties that are typical of high modulus fiber-reinforced composites are used to show the parametric effects of plate aspect ratio, length-to-thickness ratio, number of layers and lamination angle. The numerical results are compared with the closed form results of Bert and Chen. As a special case, numerical results are presented for thick isotropic plates, and are compared with those for 3-D linear elasticity theory and Mindlin's thick plate theory.     

Heat source reconstruction from noisy temperature fields using a gradient anisotropic diffusion filter

This paper presents a post-processing technique for noisy temperature maps based on a gradient anisotropic diffusion (GAD) filter in the context of heat source reconstruction. The aim is to reconstruct heat source maps from temperature maps measured using infrared (IR) thermography. Synthetic temperature fields corrupted by added noise are first considered. The GAD filter, which relies on a diffusion process, is optimized to retrieve as well as possible a heat source concentration in a two-dimensional plate. The influence of the dimensions and the intensity of the heat source concentration are discussed. The results obtained are also compared with two other types of filters: averaging filter and Gaussian derivative filter. The second part of this study presents an application for experimental temperature maps measured with an IR camera. The results demonstrate the relevancy of the GAD filter in extracting heat sources from noisy temperature fields.     

The structure of the vortex lattice in anisotropic superconductors

The structure of the vortex lattice in anisotropic superconductors at an arbitrary temperature in magnetic fields close to critical was studied. Generally, a rhombohedral structure with a vertex angle depending on temperature, magnetic field, and material constants is formed. An important factor is the small (2%) difference of the free energies of the triangular and square lattices in the Ginzburg-Landau approximation. This factor also persists in anisotropic superconductors.     

相位板偏振偏转角对径向偏振光的梯度力分布的影响

 研究了同心分区偏振偏转相位板对径向偏振光梯度力的调制效应。给出了相位板各部分偏振偏转角不同时,光学梯度力的分布情况。模拟结果表明:随着同心分区相位板各部分的半径和偏振旋转角的改变,光学梯度力方向及大小明显变化,且会产生许多可控的梯度力分布模式,可应用于微粒的收集、分离和合并。结果显示同心分区相位板对径向偏振光的调制可以用来生成可调光镊。     

Quasi two-dimensional electronic properties of the lithium molybdenum bronze,Li0.9Mo6O17

Four probe electrical resistivity measurements between 0.3K and 300K were made on single crystals of the violet-red bronze Li_0.9Mo₆O₁₇ grown by a temperature gradient flux technique. The temperature variation of the resistivity shows metallic conductivity and highly anisotropic behavior similar to K_0.9Mo₆O₁₇. The room temperature resistivity, measured in the direction parallel to the plate axis, is 9.5×10^-3Ωcm and 2.47Ωcm perpendicular to that axis. A phase transition observed at ～24K is possibly related to the onset of a charge density wave. A transition to the superconducting state is observed at Tc ～ 1.9K.     

Simultaneous measurement of bending and temperature based on a single sampled chirped fiber Bragg grating embedded on a flexible cantilever beam

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a simple and practical scheme for simultaneous measurement of bending and temperature based on a single sampled chirped fiber Bragg grating with multiple resonant peaks, which is embedded on a flexible cantilever beam. The wavelength spacing of the grating can be changed by adjusting the bending curvature change, since the compressive strain gradient induced by the bending of the cantilever beam changes the chirp ratio of the fiber grating. However, the wavelength spacing of the fiber grating is not changed by the temperature variation; the multiple resonant wavelengths are only shifted into the longer wavelength because of the positive thermal-expansion and thermo-optic coefficients of the fiber grating. Consequently, the proposed scheme allows for discrimination between two effects of bending and temperature.