矢量线阵目标调制谱提取及模板生成方法

针对矢量线阵跟踪目标DEMON谱提取问题,提出了一种矢量线阵DEMON谱提取及其模板生成方法.该方法可以有效提取DEMON谱成分,利用DEMON谱互谱可剔除干扰DEMON线谱,较有效解决矢量线阵左右舷目标DEMON谱特征混淆的问题.通过海试数据初步验证了该方法的有效性.     

强荧光背景环境中荧光涨落谱--蒙特卡罗模拟研究

荧光涨落谱方法(Fluorescence Fluctuation Spectroscopy)通过分析微小探测区域内的荧光涨落信号,获得粒子亮度、扩散系数以及溶液浓度等信息。利用Monte Carlo模拟方法,研究了溶液中自荧光背景和系统噪声对荧光涨落谱的影响。结果表明,利用双组分光子计数统计方法,可以有效去除低亮度、高浓度背景组分自荧光和均匀分布系统噪声产生的影响。本结果为利用荧光涨落谱方法测量细胞体系复杂环境中的蛋白质相互作用提供帮助。     

基于分子转-振光谱精细结构的火焰温度遥测方法

燃烧火焰温度是固体推进剂等重要参数,本文研究了基于分子转-振光谱精细结构的火焰温度遥测方法.根据分子转-振光谱线的展宽机制,研究了分子谱线线型.结合朗伯-比耳吸收定律,去除谱线中心受大气低温气体吸收影响较大的数据点后,利用谱线两翼的数据点进行谱线线型拟合,利用分子转-振光谱精细结构温度遥测方法将经拟合修正后数据反演火焰...     

利用标记谱分区摄谱方法研究

利用汞光谱简单而又分布于整个可见光区的特点,作为标记谱,辅助标准铁光谱,先按顺序分区再识谱（读谱）。该方法使得应用棱镜摄谱仪进行摄谱、读谱变得简单、准确,大大节省了时间,实验设备同时也简化。     

多维谱的简化探测

提出一种利用谱编辑的方法来简化二维谱的探测,使得一张二维谱可以被简化为N条一维谱(N等于二维谱中F1维上的谱线总数),从而达到缩短数据采集时间和减少数据贮存空间的目的。文中给出了运用此方法探测二维碳氢异核相关实验的实例,并分析了由于F1维的谱线不为δ函数而产生的编辑误差的大小,最后将此方法推广到三维的简化探测,即通过对N张二维谱的编辑获得三维谱的信息。     

对光谱定性分析实验的改进

本介绍了把铁谱换成汞谱利用外插法测量未知谱线波长的方法，并进行了实验验证。     

拉曼除谱原位测量水溶液中蛋白质的酰胺A谱带

蛋白质的酰胺A谱带对蛋白质的酰胺氢键结构很敏感. 然而由于该谱带和水的OH伸缩振动谱带严重重叠,导致在蛋白质水溶液中原位测量酰胺A谱带依旧很困难. 我们提出了一种新的分析方法用于原位测量水溶液中的酰胺A谱带. 这个方法称为拉曼除谱法. 将蛋白质水溶液光谱除以纯水光谱即可获得拉曼除谱. 利用数值模拟从数学上肯定了使用拉曼除谱可以直接获得酰胺A谱带. 我们还通过测量溶菌酶和α-糜蛋白酶的固体和水溶液的拉曼光谱,这些光谱也证实了可以通过拉曼除谱法直接获取酰胺A谱带. 利用拉曼除谱还分析了溶菌酶的热变性过程. 这些研究表明拉曼除谱可以原位地表征水溶液中的蛋白质酰胺A谱带.     

七叶皂苷钠混合物的波谱学分析

混合物的分析在药物分析中起着重要的作用,而NMR是混合物分析的重要手段之一. 本文利用HPLC对七叶皂苷钠混合物中的主要成分A、B、C、D的相对含量进行了测定, 并应用谱带选择性2D CT-HMBC及多种2D NMR实验方法,对这些主要成分的波谱学特征进行了分析,利用各组分的特征谱峰和选择性2D方法的高分辨率对结构相似的成分的谱峰进行了精确的区分和指认,进而对所有的1H、13C NMR信号进行了归属. 实验结果表明利用选择性2D NMR技术能够有利于混合物的分析和谱峰归属.     

基于谱线线型函数的气体浓度检测技术

快速、精确地测量微量气体浓度的技术在大气质量分析、环境污染检测等领域具有广泛的用途。在红外光谱检测技术中,气体吸收光谱的谱线线型函数是定量测量气体浓度的一个重要参量,而如何准确和快速地得到气体谱线线型函数值是气体浓度测量中的一个关键问题。首先从理论上分析了谱线线型函数,得出计算谱线线型函数的一般方法及探讨了气体浓度与谱线线型函数峰值之间的关系。然后,利用可调激光器及光谱仪检测系统测量了乙炔在1 515～1 545 nm波长范围内的吸收光谱,再通过Lambert-Beer定律计算得到在不同频率下的谱线线型函数峰值,最后利用程序拟合出该波段内气体的谱线线型函数峰值分布曲线,并与Voigt线型函数理论计算值进行了比较,发现理论计算的谱线线型函数峰值仍存在一定的偏差。相比理论计算结果,所提出的检测方法得到的乙炔浓度与真实的乙炔浓度值更加吻合,表明了通过实验确定的谱线线型函数的经验公式可以更好地用于气体浓度的检测。由于利用实验测量值获得了谱线线型函数峰值分布的拟合曲线,因此可以快速准确地计算出所对应的谱线线型函数峰值,从而大大地简化了线型函数的计算过程。实验所获得的数据可应用于光学遥测乙炔气体浓度,且提供的方法也可以应用到其他气体的谱线线型函数峰值的测量中。     

有机半导体PTCDA的制备及其结构表征和光吸收特性研究

详细途述了利用１．８－萘二甲酸酐作为原料制备有机半导体材料ＰＴＣＤＡ的方法;并通过质谱、红外光谱、核磁共振谱、Ｘ射线衍射谱及可见光吸收谱的测试分析,对它的结构和光吸收特性进行了进一步深入研究。     

Stokes identification in an atomic ensemble using a filtering system

Polarization filtering and atomic cell filtering are applied in the identification of Stokes signals in an atomic ensemble, and reduce the noise to a level of 10^ - 5 and 10^ - 4 respectively. Good Stokes signals are then obtained. In this article the two filtering systems and the final Stokes output are presented, and the optimization of the polarization filtering system is highlighted.     

Generalized (two-point) stokes-parameters representation in terms of the radial and azimuthal field components

Within the paraxial framework, a generalization of the Stokes representation is introduced in terms of the radial and azimuthal field structure of the beam cross-section. These generalized parameters depend on two spatial variables and are closely related with the cross-spectral density (CSD) matrix of the field. The propagation law of such parameters through general first-order optical systems is also given. It allows to describe, in terms of the radial and azimuthal field components, the coherence and polarization behavior of partially-polarized, partially-coherent beams.     

Time-dependent and outflow boundary conditions for Dissipative Particle Dynamics

We propose a simple method to impose both no-slip boundary conditions at fluid-wall interfaces and at outflow boundaries in fully developed regions for Dissipative Particle Dynamics (DPD) fluid systems. The procedure to enforce the no-slip condition is based on a velocity-dependent shear force, which is a generalized force to represent the presence of the solid-wall particles and to maintain locally thermodynamic consistency. We show that this method can be implemented in both steady and time-dependent fluid systems and compare the DPD results with the continuum limit (Navier-Stokes) results. We also develop a force-adaptive method to impose the outflow boundary conditions for fully developed flow with unspecified outflow velocity profile or pressure value. We study flows over the backward-facing step and in idealized arterial bifurcations using a combination of the two new boundary methods with different flow rates. Finally, we explore the applicability of the outflow method in time-dependent flow systems. The outflow boundary method works well for systems with Womersley number of O(1), i.e., when the pressure and flowrate at the outflow are approximately in-phase.     

Nonlinear hydrodynamic phenomena in Stokes flow regime

We investigate nonlinear phenomena in dispersed two-phase systems under creeping-flow conditions. We consider nonlinear evolution of a single deformed drop and collective dynamics of arrays of hydrodynamically coupled particles. To explore physical mechanisms of system instabilities, chaotic drop evolution, and structural transitions in particle arrays we use simple models, such as small-deformation equations and effective-medium theory. We find numerical and analytical solutions of the simplified governing equations. The small-deformation equations for drop dynamics are analyzed using results of dynamical systems theory. Our investigations shed new light on the dynamics of complex fluids, where the nonlinearity often stems from the evolving boundary conditions in Stokes flow.     

A multirate time integrator for regularized Stokeslets

The method of regularized Stokeslets is a numerical approach to approximating solutions of fluid–structure interaction problems in the Stokes regime. Regularized Stokeslets are fundamental solutions to the Stokes equations with a regularized point-force term that are used to represent forces generated by a rigid or elastic object interacting with the fluid. Due to the linearity of the Stokes equations, the velocity at any point in the fluid can be computed by summing the contributions of regularized Stokeslets, and the time evolution of positions can be computed using standard methods for ordinary differential equations. Rigid or elastic objects in the flow are usually treated as immersed boundaries represented by a collection of regularized Stokeslets coupled together by virtual springs which determine the forces exerted by the boundary in the fluid. For problems with boundaries modeled by springs with large spring constants, the resulting ordinary differential equations become stiff, and hence the time step for explicit time integration methods is severely constrained. Unfortunately, the use of standard implicit time integration methods for the method of regularized Stokeslets requires the solution of dense nonlinear systems of equations for many relevant problems. Here, an alternate strategy using an explicit multirate time integration scheme based on spectral deferred corrections is incorporated that in many cases can significantly decrease the computational cost of the method. The multirate methods are higher-order methods that treat different portions of the ODE explicitly with different time steps depending on the stiffness of each component. Numerical examples on two nontrivial three-dimensional problems demonstrate the increased efficiency of the multi-explicit approach with no significant increase in numerical error.     

Intensification of Contrasts of Spectropolarization Images

This paper considers methods of transformation of spectropolarization images of objects, which make it possible to significantly improve the discrimination of the objects through the intensification of their luminance and color contrasts in the case where their polarization characteristics are obtained with the use of systems of remote sensing of the earth.     

聚合物电致发光器件工作层热效应的喇曼光谱研究

以喇曼光谱和红外测温仪为表征手段, 研究了聚合物电致发光器件在施加不同电流密度的工作条件下器件内部热效应对器件老化的影响. 通过实验得到器件内发光层的斯托克斯喇曼信号和反斯托克斯喇曼信号强度的比值, 代入波尔兹曼方程计算得到该层对应的温度, 从而达到精确测量器件内部工作温度的目的. 通过对器件施加0~169 mA/cm²的电流密度, 发现器件内部工作温度逐渐升高, 最终达到有机层的玻璃化转变温度后, 发光层材料发生相变, 变成游离状的液态, 这种状态不稳定, 造成发光层材料的局部缺陷, 使得器件阴阳极短接导致器件短路, 从而发光失败. 实验表明喇曼光谱是一种探测薄膜器件内部工作层温度的有效手段.     

分立式色散补偿拉曼放大器增益特性及非线性现象研究

分立式色散补偿拉曼放大器具有兼顾色散补偿和信号放大的特点，在通信系统中展现出广阔的应用前景.对反向抽运的C波段色散补偿分立式拉曼放大器的增益谱形状，增益饱和及受激布里渊散射等特性进行了较为详细的实验研究. 关键词： 分立式色散补偿拉曼放大器 增益饱和 受激布里渊散射 斯托克斯波     

在与原子相互作用中光偏振态的量子描述及其演化

应用偏振光的量子理论和斯托克斯算符研究了无克尔媒质和存在克尔媒质情况下，光在与原子相互作用过程中偏振态的演化.研究了偏振光中斯托克斯参量的涨落及其压缩的非经典行为.偏振椭圆、量子光学中的偏振度和斯托克斯参量的信噪比也得到了讨论.结果表明斯托克斯参量及其涨落在时间演化中呈现出被调制的振荡，这些振荡表现出间歇地崩塌和恢复.在与原子的相互作用过程中，光的偏振椭圆不随时间变化，但偏振度却随时间出现振荡.克尔媒质对这些振荡演化有很大影响. 关键词： 斯托克斯算符 斯托克斯参量 量子偏振态 量子涨落     

Laser goniophotometric stokes polarimeter

An automated Stokes polarimeter of the dynamic type is created to measure the polarization characteristics of radiation emitted, reflected, and scattered by objects at different angles to a surface. An analysis of the versions of processing of measurement resuls has shown that the dependence of a random error in determination of the parameters on the number of positions N of a quarter-wave plate, at which the radiation intensity is measured, is of a similar nature as the dependence on the number of independent measurements of the same quantity . B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 68 Skorina Ave., Minsk., 220072, Belarus, e-mail: tsaruk@dragon.bas-net.by. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 66, No. 6, pp. 869–874, November–December, 1999.