3－氨甲基吡啶树脂的合成及五种氨基吡啶树脂对金铂吸附性的比较

研究了反应物配料比３－ＡＭＰ／Ｃｌ（摩尔比）、反应温度与时间对大孔型３－氨甲基吡啶树脂（３—ＡＭＰＲ）性能的影响规律．在最佳合成工艺条件下制得３－ＡＭＰＲ的功能基含量为３．１６ｍｍｏｌ／ｇ树脂．３－ＡＭＰＲ对ＡｕＣｌ６（２－），ＰｔＣｌ６（２－），ＩｒＣｌ６（２－），ＰｄＣｌ４（２－），ＲｈＣｌ６（３－）的吸附容量分别为８００．８，３８７．８，３８６．３，１３３．０，１０５．５ｍｇ金属／ｇ树脂；配位比分别为１．２９，０．６３，０．６４，０．４０，０．３３。比较了３—ＡＭＰＲ、２－ＡＭＰＲ、４－氨基吡啶树脂（４－ＡＰＫ）、３—ＡＰＲ、２－ＡＰＲ五种树脂对ＡｕＣｌ４－、ＰｔＣｌ６（２－）的吸附性，其中３－ＡＭＰＲ为最佳。     

氧化还原功能纤维的研究──Ⅴ．含胺基及乙二胺基功能纤维的合成及其对Au~（3＋）的吸附性能

本文以反应性氯甲基化纤维为基体，合成丁氮含量分别为４．０６、４．９２ｍｍｏｌ／ｇ的含胺基（－ＮＨ２）及乙二胺基（－ＮＨＣ２Ｈ４ＮＨ２）功能纤维．静态吸附实验结果表明：在ｐＨ２．０乙二胺基纤维对Ａｕ３＋的吸附量达最大（６２０ｍｇ／ｇ），含胺基纤维的吸附量为２４８ｍｇ／ｇ；ＷＡＸＤ证实它们对Ａｕ３＋都有还原作用；含乙二胺基纤维对吸附态Ａｕ３＋的还原百分率最大值为９１％（ｐＨ４．０），而含胺基纤维在ｐＨ２．０的还原百分率为１００％，但ｐＨ＜０．６后，含乙二胺基纤维对Ａｕ３＋无还原作用；含乙二胺基纤维对Ａｕ３＋的吸附量随溶液温度升高而增大；在乙醇、１、４－氧六环、乙酸乙酯中含乙二胺基纤维对Ａｕ３＋的吸附量分别为４２、１４３、０ｍｇ／ｇ，且在乙醇中它对Ａｕ３＋有还原作用．吸附动力学实验结果表明：吸附初期为快速离子交换过程，中期为螯合吸附占主导地位，后期则是氧化还原吸附占优势．在扫描电子显微镜可观察到部分吸附在含乙二胺基纤维上的金聚集成粒状．     

含硫杂环聚醚树脂的合成及其吸附性能研究

本文分别用聚环氧氯丙烷和聚［２—氯乙基缩水甘油醚］与硫化钠反应，合成了二种含硫杂环的聚醚型鳌合树脂，并研究了它们对Ａｕ（Ⅲ）、Ｐｄ（Ⅱ）、Ｐｔ（Ⅳ）、Ａｇ（Ⅰ）、Ｈｇ（Ⅱ）、Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）和Ｚｎ（Ⅱ）的吸附性能。结果表明，该树脂在一定的酸度范围内或在ＥＤＴＡ存在下对Ａｕ（Ⅲ）、Ａｇ（Ⅰ）等贵金属离子及Ｈｇ（Ⅱ）有良好的吸附性．而基本上不吸附加Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）和Ｚｎ（Ⅱ）。用含１～１０％硫脲的０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ盐酸溶液可定量解吸被吸附的Ａｕ（Ⅲ）、Ｐｄ（Ⅱ）和Ｐｔ（Ⅳ）。     

双硫腙螯合形成树脂分离富集地质样品中的微量金,铂,钯及其测定

研究了双硫腙螯合形成树脂的合成及其分离富集地质样中Ａｕ，Ｐｔ，Ｐｄ的条件。于ｐＨ１．５的ＨＣｌ介质中，Ａｕ，Ｐｔ，Ｐｄ定量吸附于Ｈ２ＤＺ形成树脂上与大量贱金属分离。用０．６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的硫脲－０．１ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ洗脱贵金属，回收率均在９４％－１０６％之间。铁也部分上柱，用磺基水杨酸与酒石酸１：１联合掩蔽除去。     

4─氨基─1，2，4─三氮唑树脂对Ir（Ⅳ）和Ru（Ⅳ）的吸附行为

４－氨基－１，２，４－三氮唑树脂（４—ａｍｉｎｏ—１，２，４—ｔｒｌａｚｏｌｅｒｅｓｉｎ，４－ＡＴＲ）功能基含量３．７６ｍｍｏｌ／ｇ４—ＡＴＲ。它对Ｉｒ（Ⅳ）、Ｒｕ（Ⅳ）的吸附容量分别为５３５（２．７８），３８６（３．８２）ｍｇ／ｇ４—ＡＴＲ（ｍｍｏｌ／ｇ４—ＡＴＲ）；吸附摩尔比分别为０．７４，１．０２（离子／功能基）．４—ＡＴＲ对Ｉｒ（Ⅳ）、Ｒｕ（Ⅳ）的表观吸附活化能分别为１３±２，１９±４ＫＪ／ｍｏｌ；吸附热焓分别为４０±９，２１±７ＫＪ／ｍｏｌ。在Ｉｒ（Ⅳ）、Ｒｕ（Ⅳ）、Ｒｈ（Ⅲ）、Ｆｅ３＋、Ｃｏ２＋、Ｎｉ２＋、Ｃｕ２＋共存的溶液中，４—ＡＴＲ对Ｉｒ（Ⅳ）、Ｒｕ（Ⅳ）、Ｒｈ（Ⅲ）有良好的选择吸附性．树脂吸附Ｉｒ（Ⅳ）、Ｒｕ（Ⅳ）前后红外谱图的变化表明功能基与金属离子形成配合物．     

新型螯合树脂研究（Ⅰ）：以聚硫醚为主链伯胺型树脂的合成…

利用Ｇａｂｒｉｅｌ反应以聚环硫氯丙烷为起始物合成４种新型的以聚硫主链的伯胺型树脂，研究了树脂的合成条件及吸附性能。这些树脂对贵金属离子有很高的吸附容量，其中每克树脂对Ａｕ（Ⅲ）的吸附容量达到５－７ｍｍｏｌ，对Ａｇ＾＋的为７－９ｍｍｏｌ；而对贱金属离子吸附甚少，可望用于贵金属离子Ａｕ（Ⅲ）和Ａｇ＾＋的分离与富集。     

螯合树脂研究（XXVI）氮杂冠醚型树脂的合成及其吸附性能

用环氧氯丙烷低聚物分别与二（三）乙醇胺的钠盐进行反应，合成了两种氮杂冠醚型交联树脂．研究了树脂对贵金属和一些个过渡金属的吸附性能．树脂对Ａｕ（Ⅲ）具有较高的吸附容量和吸附率。在Ｃｕ（Ⅲ）－Ｐｄ（Ⅱ）－Ｐｔ（Ⅳ）混合液中优先吸附Ａｕ（Ⅲ）；在Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）—Ｚｎ（Ⅱ）和Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）—Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）—Ｎｉ（Ⅱ）的混合液中只吸附Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）而不吸附其他金属离子．     

PVC-尼龙6树脂应用于天然水中痕量金的价态分析

在王水介质中，ＰＶＣ－尼龙６树脂定量吸附Ａｕ（Ⅲ），而Ａｕ（Ⅰ）基本上不吸附。当存在碘离子时，Ａｕ（Ⅲ）和Ａｕ（Ⅰ）均能形成碘的络阴离子而被树脂定量吸附，从而可分别测出总金和Ａｕ（Ⅲ）的含量并计算出Ａｕ（Ⅰ）的含量。方法的检测限为１．６×１０－１１ｇ／Ｌ，样品加标回收率在８０％以上。为天然水中痕量金的价态分析提供了一个令人满意的方法。     

螯合树脂研究 ⅩⅪ．互贯网络型巯基胺型树脂的合成及其性质

本工作制备了以大孔交联聚苯乙烯为第一网络，以由环硫氯丙烷与多乙烯多胶反应而形成的交联聚合物为第二网络的互贯型流基胺树脂，并测定了其孔结构．该互贯型树脂与相应的凝胶型树脂相比，在酸性介质中膨胀程度小得多，而对Ａｇ~＋、Ａｕ~＋３ｎ的吸附性能更好．对Ａｇ~＋、Ａｕ~３＋的吸附容量分别可达４３２ｍｇＡｇ~＋／ｇ和５５３ｍｇＡｕ~３＋／ｇ．对Ａｕ~３＋的吸附率大于９９％．     

螯合树脂富集—激光气化等离子体发射光谱测定地质样品中铂族元素和金

采用含Ｎ，Ｓ功能团的螯合树脂ＹＰＡ４富集铂族元素和金。Ａｕ，Ｐｔ，Ｐｄ，Ｏｓ的吸附率为９８％以上，Ｉｒ为９２％，Ｒｕ为９０％，Ｒｈ为８７％。把树脂灰化，用激光将其灰份气化输入等离子体激发，光谱测定。取样５ｇ时，可测定０．２ｎｇ／ｇ的Ａｕ，０．６ｎｇ／ｇ的Ｏｓ，Ｉｒ，０．０６ｎｇ／ｇ的Ｐｔ，Ｐｄ，Ｒｈ，Ｒｕ。标样分析结果与标准植吻合。     

Kinetics of adsorption and desorption of Pb(II) in aqueous solution on activated carbon by two-site adsorption model

The adsorption and desorption equilibrium and kinetics of lead ions from aqueous solutions on a granular activated carbon (GAC) were examined. Rapid increase followed by slow increase in Pb(II) amount on the GAC was observed as a function of time for the adsorption, while rapid decrease and consecutive very slow decrease was observed in desorption. Based on the experimental results, a two-site adsorption model was proposed for the adsorption and the desorption of Pb(II) under the study conditions. The Pb(II) adsorption on the GAC was estimated to have simultaneously occurred on the strong and the weak adsorption sites. Conventional Langmuir-type kinetic equations were introduced to quantitatively predict the adsorption and desorption with the two-site model by optimizing the parameters to fit the equilibrium and the kinetic experimental results. The equilibrium and kinetic experimental results could be represented by the equations by using one set of the common Langmuir parameters. Resultant kinetic parameters revealed that the adsorption equilibrium constant was two orders of magnitude greater for strong adsorption site than for weak adsorption site, though the maximum number of weak adsorption site was 1.5 times as great as that of strong adsorption site. The strong adsorption equilibrium constant resulted from a small desorption rate constant for the site. The equations were demonstrated to be applicable for predicting other desorption performances as well.     

Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Bacterial Cellulose Adsorbing Persistent Pollutant from Aqueous Solutions

The adsorption capability of bacterial cellulose(BC) for anionic dye acid fuchsine was studied. Meanwhile, the processes of the adsorption were investignted and fitted by adsorption isotherm models, adsorption thermodynamics and adsorption kinetics models, respectively. The changes of BC before and after adsorbing acid fuchsine were investigated via scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) to further explain the adsorption mechanism. The results show that acid fuchsine could be effectively adsorbed by BC. The adsorption process was fitted well by Langmuir equation and the pseudo-second order kinetics, indicating that the adsorption process was monolayer molecule adsorption with the main action of chemical adsorption. The adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. Glucuronic acid groups and hydroxyl groups were responsible for the adsorption of acid fuchsine on BC.     

大孔PMVBS树脂对茶多酚的吸附研究

茶叶在我国具有丰富的自然资源,饮茶及茶文化在我国已有数千年的历史.茶不仅具有提神解渴的功效,而且富含具有保健、药效功能的茶多酚(Tea Polyphenols TP).茶多酚,又名茶单宁,是一类多羟基酚类有机物.     

自然水体生物膜胞外蛋白质吸附铅和镉的研究

本文通过长春市南湖水中生物膜优势菌种胞外蛋白吸附Pb2+和Cd2+的实验, 研究了胞外蛋白吸附重金属的规律.     

Removal of uranium(VI) from aqueous solution by apricot shell activated carbon

Uranium is a toxic and radioactive heavy metal found in nuclear effluents and should be treated based on environmental considerations. The adsorption of uranyl cations (UO₂ ²⁺) by apricot shell activated carbon (ASAC) was investigated in a batch system. The effects of pH, contact time, temperature, adsorbent dosage on the adsorption kinetics and equilibrium adsorption isotherms of U(VI) were examined. The U(VI) uptake was fast within the first 60 min and reached an equilibrium state at 120 min. The adsorption process was highly pH dependent and the maximum adsorption was obtained at an initial solution pH of 6.0. Temperature over the range 25–45 °C had little effect on the U(VI) adsorption. The U(VI) removal efficiency increased concurrently with increasing ASAC dosage, whereas the U(VI) adsorption capacity decreased with increasing ASAC dosage. The adsorption process followed both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. On the basis of Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 59.17 mg U(VI)/g adsorbent. The adsorption kinetics can be very well defined by the pseudo-first-order rate model. The present results suggest that ASAC could be used as an adsorbent for an efficient removal of U(VI) from aqueous solution.     

A comparison of supercritical carbon dioxide and organic solvents for the intercalation of 4-phenylazoaniline into a pillared clay mineral

The intercalation of 4-phenylazoaniline (PAA) in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO(2)) into montmorillonite (TMA-Mnt) pillared with tetramethylammonium ions at 313 K and 15 MPa was investigated. The adsorption rate and equilibrium PAA uptake were compared with those in n-hexane, CCl(4) and benzene solutions at 313 K. The XRD and N(2) adsorption/desorption analyses showed that TMA-Mnt after adsorption of PAA in SC-CO(2) had the same pore structure as after adsorption of PAA in normal solvents. SC-CO(2) was found to be a good medium for PAA adsorption owing to its having a relatively high adsorption rate and the highest adsorptivity at the same PAA concentration. The properties of PAA adsorption on TMA-Mnt could be well elucidated by the difference in solubility parameters between liquid and solid phases.     

NPE在有序介孔炭上的吸附行为研究

采用有序介孔硅为硬模板制备了具有不同孔径的有序介孔炭(OMCs). 氮气吸附测试表明, 有序介孔炭具有丰富的介孔表面和集中的介孔分布. 以壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(NPE)为探针分子, 研究了大分子酚类在有序介孔炭上的吸附行为. 吸附研究表明, NPE在有序介孔炭上的吸附满足Langmuir吸附模型. 孔结构分析表明, 大于1.5 nm的孔的表面积是决定NPE吸附量的关键因素, 而有序介孔炭的最可几孔径决定吸附速率的大小. 与吸附量相比, 吸附速率更容易受环境温度的影响. 动力学研究表明, NPE在有序介孔炭上的吸附满足准二级动力学方程.     

Adsorption of metal anions of vanadium(V) and chromium(VI) on Zr(IV)-impregnated collagen fiber

The metal anions of vanadium (V) and chromium (VI) in aqueous solution can be effectively adsorbed by Zr(IV)-impregnated collagen fiber (ZrICF). The maximum adsorption capacity of V(V) takes place within the pH range of 5.0 to 8.0, while that of Cr(VI) is within the pH range of 6.0 to 9.0. When the initial concentration of metal ions was 2.00 mmol L⁻¹ and the temperature was 303 K, the adsorption capacity of V(V) on Zr-ICF was 1.92 mmol g⁻¹ at pH 5.0, and the adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) was 0.53 mmol g⁻¹ at pH 7.0. As temperature increased, the adsorption capacity of V(V) increased, while that of Cr(VI) was almost unchanged. The adsorption isotherms of the anionic species of V(V) and Cr(VI) can be fit by the Langmuir equation. The adsorption rate of V(V) follows the pseudo-first-order rate model, while the adsorption rate of Cr(VI) follows the pseudo-second-order rate model. Furthermore, ZrICF shows high adsorption selectivity to V(V) in the mixture solution of V(V) and Cr(VI). Practical applications of ZrICF could be expected in consideration of its performance in adsorption of V(V) and Cr(VI).     

Kinetics of Diffusion-Controlled Adsorption of Colloid Particles and Proteins

A theoretical model was developed for describing localized adsorption kinetics of proteins and colloid particles at solid/liquid interfaces. In contrast to previous approaches the adsorption and desorption rate constants as well as the surface blocking function were evaluated explicitly without using empirical parameters. It was also predicted that irreversible adsorption kinetics can unequivocally be characterized in terms of the adsorption rate constant k(a) and the maximum (jamming) coverage Theta(mx) known for various particle shapes from previous Monte-Carlo simulations. The dimensionless constant k(a) was shown to be inversely proportional to the concentration of particles which is usually very low for protein and colloid adsorption measurements. From the theoretical model it was also deduced that in this case the asymptotic adsorption law for large dimensionless time tau can be expressed as Theta(mx)-Theta approximately 1/tau(1/(n-1)) (where n=3 for spheres, n=4 for side-on adsorption of spheroids, n=5 for randomly oriented spheroid adsorption). It was also shown that this limiting adsorption regime occurs for proteins at surface coverage Theta(l) very close to the jamming value Theta(mx), becoming therefore difficult to detect due to limited experimental accuracy. These analytical predictions were found to be in agreement with numerical calculations performed by using the finite-difference scheme, valid for an arbitrary range of adsorption time. Moreover, it was demonstrated that these numerical results adequately reflected the experimental results of Johnson and Lenhoff who determined the kinetics of colloid particle adsorption using atomic force microscopy. Previously used approaches assuming that particle adsorption flux is reduced by the factor B(Theta) were found to be inadequate. It was also demonstrated that due to the similarity of underlying parameters the results obtained for colloid systems can be exploited as well-defined reference data for estimating the adsorption kinetics of proteins. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.     

Removal of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid from aqueous solutions by partially characterized organophilic sepiolite: thermodynamic and kinetic calculations

The adsorption of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on organophilic sepiolite (dodecylammonium sepiolite, DAS) was studied as a function of solution concentration and temperature. The observed adsorption rates were found to be equal to the first-order kinetics. The rate constants were calculated for temperatures ranging between 25 and 40 degrees C at constant concentration. The adsorption energies, E, and adsorption capacity, q(m), for 2,4-D adsorption on organophilic sepiolite was estimated using the Dubinin-Radushkevic equation. Thermodynamic parameters (Deltag(a), Deltah(a), Deltas(a)) were determined by a new approximation from the isotherm of 2,4-D adsorption on DAS. Also, DeltaS(0) and DeltaH(0) values were calculated from the van't Hoff equation. These isotherms were modeled according to the Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevic adsorption equations. The amount of adsorption of this herbicide on organophilic sepiolite was found to be dependent on the relative energies of adsorbent-adsorbate, adsorbate-solvent, and adsorbate-adsorbate interaction.