基于磁通门和时域数字鉴频的磁场锁定系统

永磁型磁共振仪器的磁体易受温度和其他环境磁场干扰,造成主磁场波动,进而影响仪器测量的重复性和准确性．本文讨论了两种解决磁场波动的锁定方法：一方面,通过磁通门传感器对环境波动引起的瞬态磁场进行高灵敏探测,然后采用现场可编程门阵列进行实时处理并计算磁场补偿量;另一方面,针对环境温度变化引起的缓慢磁场偏移,则采用时域数字鉴频锁场方法,在对锁样品进行射频激发后,将磁共振信号通过混频变换到较低的频率范围,再转换为方波,然后直接送入现场可编程门阵列进行周期测量,并计算磁场补偿量．将两种方法获得的磁场补偿量叠加后,再转换为电流信号驱动安装在磁体上的B₀补偿线圈,并研制了一套磁场锁定系统,以实现对磁场的锁定.在0.5 T食品快检磁共振分析仪上进行测试验证,结果显示当受到瞬态干扰时,可将磁场稳定在±4 Hz(对应磁场为±0.093 9μT)范围内,同时也可以精准测量温度造成的磁场偏移,该结果验证了本文磁场锁定方法的可行性．     

非晶丝端部磁场效应的模拟

实验表明,不同长度的非晶丝以及非晶丝端部不同的位置都具有不同的磁特性.为了研究这种端部磁场效应,基于磁荷分布的假设,采用数值计算方法获得了非晶丝端部的磁场分布.然后,基于数值计算结果,采用拟合方法获得非晶丝内部磁场分布的一般性计算形式.由于非晶丝内部磁场强度不可能超出外磁场强度,提出由中间的均匀磁区以及两端的入磁区和出磁区所构成的非晶丝三磁区模型,并由此获得端部磁场效应的临界长度计算公式.该理论模型对端部磁场效应的模拟计算结果与已有实验现象能够符合很好.     

红条毛肤石鳖齿舌牙齿内纳米磁性矿物质的磁各向异性研究

SQUID和磁转矩测量表明红条毛肤石鳖齿舌牙齿内纳米磁性矿物质具有明显的磁各向异性,从能量角度对SQUID和磁转矩曲线的分析发现,这些材料具有明显的单晶单轴特性,对于磁各向异性,起作用的主要是磁晶各向异性。磁化过程中,长条片状纳米磁性矿物质中包含的小纳米晶粒磁畴磁矩转向外磁场方向,直到与外磁场方向一致,达到饱和为止,磁化过程中不存在畴壁的移动。     

任意倾斜角度下的永磁导轨感应磁场解析计算

平行移动式自稳定高温超导块材磁悬浮数值模拟计算包括永磁导轨感应磁场的计算。无限长的永磁轨道结构具有多样性。通过对称分布永磁轨道磁场的解析计算导出了任意倾斜角度下永磁轨道磁感应强度解析计算方法。采用此方法,成功计算出了多块交错排列的Halbach结构永磁轨道的感应磁场计算。采用该方法和商用Ansoft软件的有限元法分别对Halbach永磁轨道磁场进行了计算,对比计算结果表明,此方法是可行的,并且计算效率也远优于有限元法。     

红条毛肤石鳖齿舌牙齿内纳米磁性矿物质的磁各向异性研究

SQUID和磁转矩测量表明红条毛肤石鳖齿舌牙齿内纳米磁性矿物质具有明显的磁各向异性,从能量角度对SQUID和磁转矩曲线的分析发现,这些材料具有明显的单晶单轴特性,对于磁各向异性,起作用的主要是磁晶各向异性。磁化过程中,长条片状纳米磁性矿物质中包含的小纳米晶粒磁畴磁矩转向外磁场方向,直到与外磁场方向一致,达到饱和为止,磁化过程中不存在畴壁的移动。     

Fabrication of NdFeB microstructures using a silicon molding technique for NdFeB/Ta multilayered films and NdFeB magnetic powder

The silicon molding technique is described for patterning of NdFeB/Ta multilayered magnetic films and NdFeB magnetic powder at the micron scale. Silicon trenches are seamlessly filled by 12-μm-thick NdFeB/Ta multilayered magnetic films with a magnetic retentivity of 1.3 T. The topography image and magnetic field distribution image are measured using an atomic force microscope and a magnetic force microscope, respectively. Using a silicon molding technique complemented by a lift-off process, NdFeB magnetic powder is utilized to fabricate magnetic microstructures. Silicon trenches as narrow as 20 μm are filled by a mixture of magnetic powder and wax powder. The B-H hysteresis loop of the patterned magnetic powder is characterized using a vibrating sample magnetometer, which shows a magnetic retentivity of approximately 0.37 T.     

Dynamic rheological properties of viscoelastic magnetic fluids in uniform magnetic fields

The dynamic rheological properties of viscoelastic magnetic fluids in externally applied uniform magnetic fields are investigated by a laboratory-made cone-plate rheometer in this study. In particular, the effects of the magnetic field on the viscoelastic properties (the complex dynamic modulus) of the viscoelastic magnetic fluids are studied. In the investigation, three viscoelastic magnetic fluids are made by mixing a magnetic fluid and a viscoelastic fluid with different mass ratios. As a supplementation to the experimental investigation, a theoretical analysis is also presented. The present study shows that the viscosity and elasticity of the viscoelastic magnetic fluids are significantly influenced by the magnetic field and the concentrations of the magnetic particles in the test fluids. Theoretical analysis qualitatively explains the present findings.     

Polarization and transmission of microwaves in the magnetic suspension in the applied magnetic field

The production method of magnetic suspension consisting of ferromagnetic particles dispersed in cedarwood oil is presented at the beginning of this article. Next, the set-up for microwaves generation using a klystron is described. The main part of this paper concerning microwave transmission and polarization during its passage in samples of the produced magnetic suspension placed in a magnetic field is based on the following parameters: induction of this field, filling factor of magnetic suspension by ferromagnetic particles, dimensions of particles, viscosity of liquid carrier, and ratio of the magnetic field changes. Conducted investigations show that microwaves are damped and polarized in these magnetic suspensions. Obtained results are discussed and observed effects are explained by ordering of ferromagnetic particles in magnetic suspension by applied magnetic field.     

Fabrication,properties, and applications of flexible magnetic films

Flexible magnetic devices, i.e., magnetic devices fabricated on flexible substrates, are very attractive in applications such as detection of magnetic field in an arbitrary surface, non-contact actuators, and microwave devices, due to their stretchable, biocompatible, light-weight, portable, and low cost properties. Flexible magnetic films are essential for the realization of various functionalities of flexible magnetic devices. To give a comprehensive understanding for flexible magnetic films and related devices, recent advances in the study of flexible magnetic films are reviewed, including fabrication methods, magnetic and transport properties of flexible magnetic films, and their applications in magnetic sensors, actuators, and microwave devices. Our aim is to foster a comprehensive understanding of these films and devices. Three typical methods have been introduced to prepare the flexible magnetic films, by deposition of magnetic films on flexible substrates, by a transfer and bonding approach or by including and then removing sacrificial layers. Stretching or bending the magnetic films is a good way to apply mechanical strain to them, so that magnetic anisotropy, exchange bias, coercivity, and magnetoresistance can be effectively manipulated. Finally, a series of examples is shown to demonstrate the great potential of flexible magnetic films for future applications.     

磁导率对二维蜂窝结构光子晶体带隙的影响

利用平面波展开法对二维六角晶格结构磁性光子晶体的带隙特性进行了研究,给出其能带结构分布图,并与非磁性介质构成的光子晶体进行了比较.结果表明,由磁性材料构成的光子晶体更易出现带隙,磁导率对带隙结构影响很大.空气背景磁性散射子情况,磁导率增加较小时,二个绝对光子带隙宽度逐渐减小,直至消失.继续增加磁导率,在较低频率范围内出现一个绝对光子带隙,占空比逐渐加大,且最佳填充系数基本保持不变.磁性背景空气散射子,类似地在较低频率范围内也出现了一个绝对光子带隙.磁性背景非磁性散射子与空气背景磁性散射子情况相似.     

A possible interplay between electron beams and magnetic fluxes in the Aharonov–Bohm effect

Most studies on the magnetic Aharonov–Bohm (A–B) effect focus on the action exerted by the magnetic flux on the electron beam, but neglect the back-action exerted by the electron beam on the magnetic flux. This paper focuses on the latter, which is the electromotive force ΔU across the solenoid induced by the time-dependent magnetic field of the electron beam. Based on the backaction analysis, we observe that the magnetic A–B effect arises owing to the interaction energy between the magnetic field of the electron beam and the magnetic field of the solenoid. We also demonstrate that the interpretation attributing the magnetic A–B effect to the vector potential violates the uncertainty principle.     

软磁材料磁导率测量实验探索

软磁材料磁滞回线细长,计算精度不高时忽略其磁滞,可定义磁感应强度与磁场强度的比为磁导率。利用霍尔效应实验仪对螺线管加载软磁材料前后一端的磁感应强度进行测量,计算出该端点处的磁场强度即可计算出该种软磁材料的磁导率,实验表明在材料磁饱和后,磁导率迅速降低。     

Rigidly connected magnetic lines: twisting and winding of magnetic lines

The dynamical process of magnetic flux variation in a fluid’s stream tube is described by constructing \(1+1+ (2)\) decomposition of the gradient of fluid’s 4-velocity. The necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained for a spacelike congruence to be a congruence of rigidly connected spacelike curves. The evolution of magnetic flux in a magnetic tube is explored under the assumptions that magnetic lines are rigidly connected and the chemical potential of the fluid is constant along a magnetic tube. The interplay between magnetic and stream tubes is demonstrated. It is shown that the growth of magnetic energy in a magnetic tube cannot exceed to that of a stream tube. It is found that the proper time variation of twist of magnetic lines is caused by gravitation inside a neutron star if magnetic lines are rigidly connected and charge neutrality condition holds. Helmholtz-like magnetic vorticity flux conservation in a magnetic tube constituted by rigidly connected geodetic magnetic lines is derived under the assumption that the charge neutrality condition holds. It is shown that the winding of frozen-in poloidal magnetic field due to differential rotation requires meridional circulation in an axisymmetric stationary hydromagnetic configuration.     

Imaging with polarized neutrons

While polarized neutrons have long proved to be an outstanding tool for the investigation of magnetic structures by scattering, we report on their potential for real space investigations of magnetic fields on a macroscopic scale by neutron imaging. Due to the ability of neutrons to penetrate thick layers of matter and their high sensitivity to magnetic fields owed to their magnetic moment, neutron imaging enables the investigation of magnetic fields even in bulk samples of condensed matter. We demonstrate how neutrons provide images of magnetic fields trapped in or expelled by superconductors or even reveal the path of electric currents due to the corresponding magnetic fields.     

Investigation of micromagnetism and magnetic reversal of Ni nanoparticles using a magnetic force microscope

Isolated Ni nanoparticles were studied in situ by atomic and magnetic force microscopy in the presence of an additional external field up to 300 Oe. By comparing topographic and magnetic images, and also by computer modeling of magnetic images, it was established that particles smaller than 100 nm are single-domain and easily undergo magnetic reversal in the direction of the applied external magnetic field. For large magnetic particles, the external magnetic field enhances the magnetization uniformity and the direction of total magnetization of these particles is determined by their shape anisotropy. Characteristics of the magnetic images and magnetic reversal of particles larger than 150 nm are attributed to the formation of a vortex magnetization structure in these particles. Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 40, 1277–1283 (July 1998)     

Surface wave assisted self-assembly of multidomain magnetic structures

An ensemble of magnetic microparticles at the liquid surface displays novel snakelike self-assembled structures induced by an alternating magnetic field. We demonstrate that these structures are directly related to surface waves in the liquid generated by the collective response of magnetic microparticles to the alternating magnetic field. The segments of the "snake" exhibit long-range antiferromagnetic ordering, while each segment is composed of ferromagnetically aligned chains of microparticles. The structures exhibit magnetic hysteretic behavior with respect to an external in-plane magnetic field and logarithmic relaxation of the remanent magnetic moment.     

“闪光二号”5 T脉冲强磁场装置

为了满足闪光二号加速器材料热力学效应研究的新需求,设计了一套电容器储能型脉冲强磁场装置。装置主要由储能电容器、半导体放电开关、磁场线圈及高压恒流充电源组成。磁场线圈中心处最大磁感应强度可达5 T,并且可以通过调整磁场线圈与二极管的相对位置实现磁透镜比的调节。通过理论计算和数值模拟相结合的方法对脉冲强磁场的关键参数进行了分析,然后进行了脉冲强磁场的工程设计,最后使用该强磁场装置进行了实验研究。强磁场实验中,当储能电容器充电21 kV时,在磁场线圈中心处获得了5.3 T脉冲强磁场。     

The nuclear spin-echo signals under combined action of magnetic field and RF pulses

The effect of a pulse magnetic field on formation of the single-pulse echo signal in some magnetic materials has been studied. The signals of nuclear-spin echo formed by the combined action of radio frequency and magnetic pulses have been observed. The duration of the magnetic pulse was only limited by the length of the radio frequency pulse. The echo signal formed by the two magnetic pulses, the edges of a long magnetic pulse, and other situations that allowed us to reproduce the analogue of multipulse action, were observed as well.     

纳米磁性药物靶向动力学模拟

基于Navier-Stokes方程与Maxwell-Ampere理论建立了肿瘤细动脉中血液的非定常脉动模型,在磁场和流场耦合状态下研究引入纳米磁性药物后磁场对血液流场的影响.把离散模型和单相模型耦合,用有限元方法对纳米磁性药物在细动脉中的传输进行动力学模拟.模拟结果表明,磁场对纳米尺度磁性粒子的俘获形式明显不同于对微米尺度粒子,纳米磁性粒子运动轨迹与血液流线基本重合.由于磁性纳米粒子的存在,磁场影响了血液的流场分布,在磁体附近形成涡流区并长期滞留,以此方式实现对磁性药物的俘获.     

The structuralization phenomena in magnetic fluid composites and their influence on transmissivity of light

A magnetic field induced agglomeration of magnetic and μm-sized copper non-magnetic particles in magnetic fluid with several volume concentrations of magnetite and copper particles was studied by means of optical microscope equipped with video camera. Transmission of light through two crossed polarizers and thin magnetic fluid and magnetic fluid composites film as a function of magnetic field was investigated. The experimental data showed that the presence of copper particles influences the aggregation processes of magnetic particles in magnetic fluids and transmissivity of light. Dedicated to Dr. Anton Zentko on the occasion of his 60th birthday. This work was supported by the Slovak Academy of Sciences within the framework of Project GAV No. 4001.