Separation techniques used in radiochemical procedures

After summarising the techniques available generally in analytical chemistry for the separation and pre-concentration of trace elements, reasons are given why some of these procedures have achieved greater prominence in particular radiochemical separations. Examples of contemporary practice and current trends in a wide variety of radiochemical separation problems are then illustrated by reference to papers that have appeared in recent literature. Adapted from a Plenary Lecture delivered at the 4th Symposium on Recent Developments in Neutron Activation Analysis, 4–7th August 1975, Cambridge, England.     

化学测量过程中信息流的传递

结合分析化学课程学习与文献研究心得,对化学测量过程中信息流传递及其包含的哲学思想进行简要的讨论,旨在帮助本科学生在学习分析化学课程时能发现各种分析方法之间的本质联系,以对分析化学知识体系有较为系统的理解与掌握。     

形态分析与生物可给性

形态分析与生物可给性是环境分析化学的前沿领域之一。本文简要回顾了目前所取得的进展,需要解决的问题与今后的发展方向。     

Instrumentelle Analytik: Technologische Spielerei oder Hilfswissenschaft für Naturwissenschaften und Medizin

Instrumental analysis is a modern part of analytical chemistry and an auxiliary science to chemistry, biology, geology, mineralogy, archeology, art sciences, clinical chemistry and medicine. To demonstrate trends and problems of instrumental analysis new techniques of absorption spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, possibilities of computer application and new technologies are discussed.     

分析化学取样理论研究进展

从化学计量学角度就分析化学的取样理论研究进行了系统总结。主要包括：取样误差与研究总体的理化性质间的关系;现代数理统计的理论和方法在分析取样中的应用;分析取样的质量控制。为深入研究并完善分析取样理论做了评述及展望。     

Content and Methodological Provision of the Basic Course of Analytical Chemistry

Russian standards in training conventional graduates and bachelors are considered. These standards determine the status and volume of analytical chemistry courses at different higher educational institutions. An analysis of the educational standards, standard curricula, and the aims of teaching analytical chemistry suggests the advisability of changing the content of the course, particularly at industrial (branch) higher educational institutions. The provision of the analytical chemistry course with special literature (manuals, textbooks), equipment, and computer software is considered.     

微波波谱方法与应用研究进展

综述了微波波谱法及其应用研究进展,阐述了微波波谱法的基本原理及仪器构造。对微波波谱法在分子结构及构象分析、弱相互作用体系的研究、分析化学、星际物质的探测等方面的应用进行了综述。并展望了微波波谱方法未来的发展趋势。     

Trends in ultrasonic-based equipment for analytical sample treatment

The recent developments achieved in ultrasonic equipment urges the need for the revision of its applications in analytical chemistry. In the present work, the last ultrasonic devices are easily presented and their applications for sample treatment are critically discussed. Comments are given on edge areas of research, such as proteomics or polymer science, which are presently taking advantage of ultrasonic sample treatments. Future applications and trends for ultrasonic-based handling approaches are also given and commented.     

Analytical applications of room-temperature ionic liquids: a review of recent efforts

Room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are solvents that may have great potential in chemical analysis. Recent surge in the number of publications/reports/books/monographs clearly indicate an increasing interest of scientific and engineering community toward these exciting and unique solvents. Consequently, a variety of analytical applications of RTILs have started to emerge. This review presents an account of some of the recent reports on RTILs in major subdisciplines of analytical chemistry. Specifically, recent literature representing the applications of RTILs in chromatography, extraction, electroanalytical chemistry, sensing, and spectrometry is reviewed. With a rapid growth in the number of publications on analytical applications of RTILs, it appears that in the near future these neoteric solvents are definitely going to be a permanent feature in analytical chemistry.     

Preparation and chromatographic performance of polymer-based anion exchangers for ion chromatography: A review

In the last decade the developments in the field of ion chromatography (IC) were aimed at increasing the efficiency, sensitivity and rapidity of analysis, as well as on improving separation selectivity. Since selectivity and efficiency to the large extent depend on the surface chemistry of the stationary phase, the development of novel anion exchangers remains one of the priority tasks in modern IC. The exact chemistry of commercially available resins is not known and not many literature data devoted to the procedures of preparing anion exchangers for IC have become available in the last 10–15 years. However, the knowledge about the surface chemistry of anion exchangers can provide understanding of the trends in selectivity and efficiency changes, as well as help with the choice of the stationary phase type suitable for solving a particular analytical task. The current review is devoted to the methods of preparing anion exchangers based on polystyrene-divinylbenzene (PS-DVB) and ethylvinylbenzene-divinylbenzene (EVB-DVB) for IC of inorganic and small organic anions and is aimed at demonstrating the improvement of their performance over the years, which was brought by the development of the new types of stationary phase architecture.     

Recent trends of biosensors in Japan

Remarkable progress has been made in the development of bioelectrochemical sensors, and various kinds of biosensors have been developed and applied in analytical chemistry. Many of these enzyme, microbial, and immunosensors have been recently developed in Japan and in this paper, recent trends in Japanese biosensor development are described.     

Reliability of analytical information in the XXIst century

One of the most relevant bottlenecks of the progress of analytical sciences is the existence of adequate references in general and, in particular, of measurement standards for analytical processes and their proper use in the context of metrology in chemistry. Keywords such as traceability, uncertainty, calibration, etc. are crucial to characterise the analytical information. All of them can be summarised by using reliability as an overall analytical attribute. The main aim of this paper is the systematic consideration of this basic approach among the trends in Analytical Chemistry, particularly in qualitative analysis.     

化妆品样品前处理与检测技术研究进展

随着我国经济和人民生活水平的不断提高,作为日常消费品的化妆品产业发展迅猛,其安全性日益受到广泛关注。随之而来的化妆品检测量的大幅增长对检测技术提出了更高的要求。传统样品前处理和检测技术因有机试剂消耗量大,检测通量低、检测周期长已无法满足当前绿色化学发展和高通量检测的需求。对此,科研人员开发了一系列环境友好型前处理技术以及高通量现场快速检测方法,为化妆品质量安全保驾护航。该文综述了当前化妆品样品前处理及检测技术的研究进展,并展望了其发展趋势和应用前景,以期为从事化妆品检测的科研和检验人员提供技术参考。     

Immunoassays in environmental analytical chemistry

A review is presented which summarizes the recent developments of immunoassays in environmental analytical chemistry. The basic principle of the method and the following steps in the development of an immunoassay procedure are discussed in detail: Synthesis of the immunogen, immunization procedure, synthesis of the labelled antigen (tracer), advantages and drawbacks of radioimmunoassay, fluoroimmunoassay and enzyme immunoassay. A special emphasis is put on approved methods which can be applied in almost any analytical laboratory. Numerous examples of immunoassays for different pesticides and pollutants (dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls, mycotoxins) are presented. Besides the respective test features, their applicability for residue determinations in biological samples is kept in the foreground. The advantages and drawbacks of the immunoassays are discussed in comparison with conventional analytical methods. An outlook to future application fields for immunoassays and new trends (e.g. the utilization of monoclonal antibodies) is presented.     

The significance of quantity and quality in the analytical literature

Summary Based on the faculty of recognition, awareness in the field of analytical chemistry and its influence on subsequent judgements are discussed, as well as the way in which the analyst relates to the analytical literature. The implication of quantity (or volume) in analytical literature is a minor problem. It is easily explained by the increasing number of contributing analysts, their improved working conditions and by the wider coverage given to the subject. The criteria of quality have become increasingly complex as a result of changes in the applications of analysis. In addition to technical subjects they now incorporate social (i.e. educational, medical, nutritional, environmental, ecological), terrestrial and even cosmic features.     

The molybdenum blue reaction for the determination of orthophosphate revisited: Opening the black box

The molybdenum blue reaction, used predominantly for the determination of orthophosphate in environmental waters, has been perpetually modified and re-optimised over the years, but this important reaction in analytical chemistry is usually treated as something of a 'black box' in the analytical literature. A large number of papers describe a wide variety of reaction conditions and apparently different products (as determined by UV–visible spectroscopy) but a discussion of the chemistry underlying this behaviour is often addressed superficially or not at all. This review aims to rationalise the findings of the many 'optimised' molybdenum blue methods in the literature, mainly for environmental waters, in terms of the underlying polyoxometallate chemistry and offers suggestions for the further enhancement of this time-honoured analytical reaction.     

Advances in voltammetry

The possibilities of voltammetry as a source of information in bioelectrochemistry, electro-chemistry solid-state chemistry and analytical chemistry are reviewed. Attention is drawn to the use of catalytic currents and adsorption, inverse voltammetry, and solid and modified electrodes. The review mainly covers papers published in 1983 and 1984, especially those in the Soviet literature.     

Recent applications of digital computers in analytical chemistry

Minicomputers are finding increasing use for the control and operation of analytical instruments. This role is likely to be shared in the near future with dedicated microcomputers. Applications of computers to electroanalytical chemistry, Fourier transform techniques, spectroscopy, rapid-reaction kinetics, equilibrium constants, studies of analytical methods and to literature searching, are also discussed.     

分析化学发展中的几个问题

分析化学在迅速发展中出现了一些令人关注的问题。它们是：如何确定现代分析化学煌范围，如何给字以明确的定义；对分析化学煌前沿的预测；当今分析化学在化学中的地位；对分析介的批评意见的反思；分析化学应注意克有孤自身的弱点；如何培养高水平的分析化学专业人材等。本文就这些问题介绍国内外同行的一些看法发表本人的浅见。