南大西洋中脊表层沉积物中稀土元素的含量及分布模式分析

以HNO3-H2O2-HF为消解体系,对南大西洋中脊16个站位表层沉积物进行消解,应用电感耦合等离子体质谱测定了沉积物中稀土元素(Rare earth elements,REE)的含量,并分析了稀土元素的分布特征。结果表明,微波消解-ICP-MS方法测定稀土元素,各元素的线性关系良好(r=0.9997~1.0000),检出限可达ng/L,精密度好、准确度高,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=3)不大于3.0%,相对误差在6.0%以内。16个站位沉积物样品中稀土总量(∑RE)变化范围为37.25~134.77μg/g,轻重稀土元素含量比值(LRE/HRE)的变化范围是0.61~1.70,平均值为1.27,沉积物中富集轻稀土略明显;从稀土配分模式看出,各个站位REE分布模式基本一致,轻重稀土元素之间有明显的分馏;不同来源沉积物中稀土元素分布模式类似,陆地和海洋沉积物稀土存在稍微差异;沉积物中δEu和δCe均出现负异常,说明了稀土元素主要是来自于海水。本研究分析了南大西洋中脊稀土元素的含量和分配规律,为深入研究大西洋中稀土元素的分布提供技术支撑和参考数据。     

重庆市江津区表层土壤中稀土元素含量与分布特征

为研究重庆市江津区表层土壤中稀土元素(REE)含量和空间分布特征,采集156件土壤样品,用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)测定其稀土元素含量。采用统计学和地质统计学分析了表层土壤中稀土元素含量和空间分布特征,结果表明:江津区表层土壤中REE含量范围为99.06～222.28μg·g~(-1),平均值149.07μg·g~(-1),低于中国土壤REE背景值(163.86μg·g~(-1))。江津区表层土壤的球粒陨石标准化曲线呈现向右倾斜的轻稀土富集型。δEu和δCe平均值分别为0.57和0.91,表现出明显的Eu负异常和微弱的Ce负异常。不同地质时代地层上覆表层土壤中REE含量具有显著差异性(p=0.0350.05),下白垩统窝头山组(K_(1w))和侏罗系(J)地层上覆表层土壤中稀土元素含量高于三叠系(T)地层。江津区中西部地区表层土壤中稀土元素总量较高。     

热带海洋生物稀土元素生态化学特征分析研究

于中国南海南沙海域采集了30种鱼类、5种贝类和4种甲壳类热带海洋生物,以HNO3-H2 O2为消解体系,利用微波消解进行前处理,并用电感耦合等离子体质谱测定了生物体中稀土元素( Rare earth elements, REE)的含量,分析了稀土元素的生态化学特征。结果表明,微波消解-ICP-MS方法测定稀土元素,各元素的线性关系良好(r=0.9997~1.0000),检出限可达ng/L,准确度高和精密度较好,相对标准偏差(RSD, n=3)<5.0%,各稀土元素回收率在91.5%~106.7%之间。鱼类、贝类和甲壳类生物样品中稀土总量(∑REE)变化范围分别为5.02~34.8μg/kg,30.4~1481μg/kg和103~863μg/kg,3类生物对各稀土元素的富集平均含量为甲壳类>贝类>鱼类,14种稀土元素在鱼类/贝类/甲壳类内含量存在明显正相关性(r>0.80);生物体内轻稀土元素( La~Eu)含量高于重稀土元素( Gd~Lu)含量,从稀土配分模式看出,鱼类/贝类/甲壳类中REE分布模式基本一致, Gd均出现负异常,轻重稀土元素之间有明显的分馏;生物体中δEu值出现负异常,δEu值与相应海域沉积物中δEu值相近,而δCe值出现正异常;同时研究了稀土元素在生物体中的富集和沉积物沉降过程中相关性等。本研究得出的关于热带海洋鱼类/贝类/甲壳类稀土元素的含量和分配规律,可为研究南海水体环境中稀土元素的含量水平和迁移富集提供基础资料。     

海南岛南渡江近岸河口沉积物稀土元素地球化学

用电感耦合等离子体(ICP-MS)测定了海南岛南渡江近岸河口11个站位沉积物中的稀土元素(REEs)以及U,Th,Ti,Sr,Mn等元素的含量,探讨了沉积物中REE分布模式和变化规律,推断沉积物的来源及演化过程。结果表明,研究区沉积物ΣREE平均含量为124.94 mg.kg-1,河口沉积物ΣREE含量低于滨浅海沉积物。虽然各站ΣREE含量存在较大差别,但分布模式相似,均为轻稀土富集型和Eu负异常,为陆壳型沉积。沉积物中REE与U,Th,Ti和Zr有显著的正相关性,与Sr,CaO相关性较弱,表明沉积物主要来源是花岗岩陆源物质,其次是生源碳酸盐物质。     

攀枝花青龙山昔格达组地层剖面微量元素地球化学特征及环境意义

对攀枝花青龙山昔格达组剖面进行了研究,分析了微量元素含量及其比值在剖面中的变化特征。结果表明,剖面中除Ba、Sr含量低于大陆上地壳外,其余元素含量均高于上地壳;w(Sr)/w(Cu)比值为1.81～4.50,δ(Ce)出现微弱负异常,反映整个剖面在沉积过程中,气候以温暖、湿润为主;w(Th)/w(U)比值偏高,且δ(Eu)显示中等程度负异常,反映剖面沉积环境总体偏还原性。样品中轻稀土富集,轻稀土含量与稀土总量呈显著正相关,说明地层中稀土元素特征主要受控于轻稀土的活动性,判断剖面沉积物为陆源特征。     

桂林寨底地下河系统中地下水稀土元素含量及分异特征

对寨底地下河系统中地下水样品进行水化学指标测试和稀土元素测试分析,开展了稀土元素地球化学研究,研究结果表明:寨底地下河系统中地下水∑REE质量浓度偏低,大部分水点表现出LREE亏损、HREE富集的特点。∑REE质量浓度与地下水pH,Eh的相关性不明显,地下水中HCO_3~-和Ca~(2+)对∑REE浓度的影响程度相似,地下水中HREE富集与pH有一定关系。采用北美页岩标准化后大部分地下水稀土元素分布表现出Ce负异常和Eu正异常;Ce负异常与Fe,Mn有一定的相关性,Eu正异常与地下水系统氧化还原条件有关。整个地下河系统包含的子系统中,地下河子系统与岩溶泉子系统稀土元素富集、分异特征存在差异。     

密云县潮河流域沿岸铁矿集中区土壤中稀土元素的地球化学特征及粒度效应

研究评价了原土及粒级土壤中稀土元素地球化学特征以及粒度效应。采用ICP-MS对原土和各个粒级土壤中15种稀土元素,包括La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er,Tm,Yb,Lu和Y进行了测定。结果表明:研究区内土壤中稀土元素的含量高于中国大陆土壤稀土元素背景值,平均值变化较大;15种稀土元素含量与不同粒级的关系趋势一致,即随着粒径的减小而呈现增大的趋势;原土及各粒级土壤经Masuda(1973)的6个Leedy球粒陨石平均值标准化后,REEs的配分模式一致,呈富集轻稀土的右倾型,明显的Eu负异常,Ce弱亏损,主要受陆源控制。潮河流域沿岸土壤中REE随粒度的变化特征与粘土矿物对其吸附及不同粒级中的矿物成分密切相关。该研究结论为选取稀土元素作为示踪剂提供了科学依据,并为不同粒径组分中稀土元素的进一步研究提供一定的参考价值。     

宁都盆地典型脐橙园土壤稀土元素地球化学特征研究

为研究宁都盆地典型脐橙园土壤稀土元素地球化学特征,在宁都盆地内共采集30组土壤样品,对REE组成特征、配分模式、参数特征、Eu亏损原因进行分析和讨论。结果表明：土壤样品总稀土含量平均值为346.16 mg·kg^-1,分别是江西土壤稀土背景值、中国南方红土土壤稀土平均值、中国土壤背景值、北美页岩值、地壳值含量的1.64倍、1.97倍、1.84倍、1.85倍、1.83倍。园内所有样点配分曲线均呈现出右倾的几何形态,∑Ce/∑Y平均值为4.26,显示出土壤中轻稀土相对富集的特点,具有明显的Eu负异常。(La/Yb)_N,(Gd/Yb)_N参数值表明轻稀土元素具有更为显著的分馏作用。δCe,δEu计算结果显示,Ce负异常点主要集中在基岩岩性为花岗岩的土壤中;30组样品Eu则全部呈现出明显的负异常,表明区内土壤具有共同的陆源属性,以酸性岩为主,与区内大面积分布花岗岩相一致。土壤中Eu亏损的主要原因是成土母质存在一定的亏损及土壤发育过程中Eu发生氧化还原反应淋失产生的亏损叠加。La/Yb-∑REE图解显示白垩纪砂岩、砾岩基岩区土壤7组样...     

赣南小流域水体中溶解态稀土元素地球化学特征

以亚热带富稀土背景区的赣南水系为研究对象,通过ICP-MS测定,探讨了赣南小流域水体中溶解态稀土元素的含量及分布模式,结果表明：赣南小流域溶解态稀土（DREE）含量均值为1.2845μg·L^-1,其浓度高于长江、珠江等内陆天然河流,这反映了其富稀土背景的特点。该区溶解态稀土元素分布模式表现出Ce明显的负异常和Eu正异常,这与同一背景下表土层中的Ce正异常和Eu负异常是相对应的。溶解态稀土元素的页岩标准化分布模式表现为中重稀土（MREE/HREE）富集型,这是由于该区富含重稀土矿物的易风化的氟碳钙钇矿的存在引起的。     

铜仁坝黄磷矿稀土元素地球化学特征及其指示意义

贵州铜仁坝黄磷矿富含稀土元素,且伴生Ni,Mo,V,U等有益元素。采用电感耦合等离子体-质谱仪(ICP-MS)对研究区含磷岩系稀土元素含量进行了测试分析。结果表明:磷块岩稀土总量较高,高于下伏老堡组硅质岩及近矿围岩,并富集重稀土元素Y,ΣREE与P_2O_5成正相关关系,推测稀土元素可能赋存于碳氟磷灰石中;磷块岩稀土配分曲线略左倾,具有明显Ce的负异常,LREE/HREE较低,Eu具弱负异常至弱正异常,此外在REE-La/Yb关系图上,磷块岩落于沉积岩-玄武岩-花岗岩交汇区域,表明磷块岩具热水沉积特征;剖面上Ce异常及ΣREE的变化特征,揭示磷块岩形成于较深水的陆缘海环境,且在新元古代末到早寒武世,坝黄矿区经历过一次明显的海侵-海退过程;磷块岩Ceanom均小于-0. 1,沉积速率低于近矿炭质页岩及下伏硅质岩,说明坝黄磷块岩形成于相对氧化且沉积速率低的环境。     

Distribution characteristics of rare earth elements in plants from a rare earth ore area

The contents of eight rare earth elements (La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Yb and Lu) in various plant species taken from a rare earth ore area were determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis. For a given plant, the REE patterns in root, leaf and host soil are different from each other. The REE distribution characteristics in roots of various species are very similar and resemble those in the surface water. The results of this study suggest that there is no significant fractionation between the REEs during their uptake by the plant roots from soil solution. However, the variation of the relative abundance of individual REE occurs in the process of transportation and deposition of REEs in plants.     

Rare Earth Elements and Bioavailability in Northern and Southern Central Red Sea Mangroves,Saudi Arabia

Different hypotheses have been tested about the fractionation and bioavailability of rare earth elements (REE) in mangrove ecosystems. Rare earth elements and bioavailability in the mangrove ecosystem have been of significant concern and are recognized globally as emerging pollutants. Bioavailability and fractionation of rare earth elements were assessed in Jazan and AlWajah mangrove ecosystems. Comparisons between rare earth elements, multi-elemental ratios, geo-accumulation index (Igeo), and bio-concentration factor (BCF) for the two mangroves and the influence of sediment grain size types on concentrations of rare earth elements were carried out. A substantial difference in mean concentrations (mg/kg) of REE (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu) was established, except for mean concentrations of Eu, Gd, Tb, Tm, and Lu. In addition, concentrations of REEs were higher in the Jazan mangrove ecosystem. However, REE composition in the two mangroves was dominated by the lighter REE (LREE and MREE), and formed the major contribution to the total sum of REE at 10.2–78.4%, which was greater than the HREE contribution of 11.3–12.9%. The Post Archean Australian Shale (PAAS) normalized values revealed that lighter REE (LREE and MREE) were steadily enriched above heavy REE. More so, low and negative values of R_(H/M) were recorded in the Al Wajah mangrove, indicating higher HREE depletion there. The values of BCF for REEs were less than 1 for all the REEs determined; the recorded BCF for Lu (0.33) and Tm (0.32) were the highest, while the lowest BCF recorded was for Nd (0.09). There is a need for periodic monitoring of REE concentrations in the mangroves to keep track of the sources of this metal contamination and develop conservation and control strategies for these important ecosystems.     

土壤-植物体系稀土元素的分异现象

用仪器中子活化分析测定了从同一地点采集的9种不同植物根和叶中8个稀土元素（La,Ce,Nd,Sm,Eu,Tb,Yb和Lu)的含量，研究了稀土元素在植物根、叶及相应母土中的分布特征。结果表明，同一植物的根、叶和母土中稀土分布模式均有较大差异。生长在同一地点不同植物根中稀土分布模式非常相似，而叶中分布规模差别较明显。说明根对单一稀土元素的吸收主要取决于这个元素在土壤中有效态的含量，而在稀土从根到叶的运输和积累过程中出现的分异则由植物自身的结构特征决定。     

Rare earth elements determination and distribution patterns in sediments of a polluted marine environment by instrumental neutron activation analysis

Results obtained from the analysis of sediment core samples taken froma fairly polluted marine environment were analyzed for the REE contents todetermine the concentrations of La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy and Yb using instrumentalneutron activation analysis. Core samples were divided into strata of between2 to 3 cm intervals and prepared in the powdered form before irradiating themin a neutron flux of about 5.0 . 10¹² n . cm ^—2s ^—1 in a Triga Mark II reactor. Down-core concentration profilesof La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy and Yb in 3 core sediments from three sites areobtained. The shale-normalized REE pattern from each site was examined andlater used to explain the history of sedimentation by natural processes suchas shoreline erosion and weathering products deposited on the seabed and furnishingsome baseline data and/or pollution trend occurring within the study area.The shale-normalized REE patterns also showed that LREE in the sediment samplesexhibit enrichment relative to HREE particularly, La and Sm showing enrichmentcompared to the ratios in shale. REE concentrations of 124 µg/g at thesurface of sediment collected at two of the three sites were found to decreaseto 58 and 95 µg/g, respectively. This was of particular interest whenit is used to explain the anomalies occurring in the marine sediment as aresult of geochemical processes over a long period of time. Changes in concentrationsfrom surface to bottom of the sediments ratioed to Sm concentrations and thecorrelation between concentrations of Sm and these elements were also investigatedand correlation coefficients were calculated for all REEs and sites. Validationof the method used was done using a Soil-7 SRM.     

Biogeochemistry of trace and major elements in a surface environment (volcanic rock,soil, mosses,lichens) in the S. Miguel Island,Azores, Portugal

The distribution of the chemical element during weathering of trachyandesite in S. Miguel Island (Azores, Portugal), and in mosses and lichens growing on these rocks, was studied using instrumental neutron activation analysis. A general enrichment of rare earth elements (REEs), a Ce positive anomaly (partial oxidation after primary apatite dissolution) and a Eu negative anomaly (Eu²⁺ in plagioclases/clay minerals) are observed with increasing weathering. Mosses and lichens are Ce and Eu depleted, indicating that the main REE uptake is done via absorption from REE³⁺ secondary phosphates, probably together with P (essential nutrient). Zn, Br and Sb show higher enrichment factors in lichens and mosses.     

Determination of the contents and distribution characteristics of REE in natural plants by NAA

The concentration of 8 REEs (La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Yb and Lu) in 17 species of plants and their host soil, which were collected from a rare earth ore area located in the south of China, have been determined by INAA. The chondritic normalized REE patterns for different parts of plants (e.g., leaf stem and root) and their host soils were studied. The results showed that the concentration levels of REE for most plants in the sampling area were elevated. Particularly, the leaves of the fern (Dicranopteris dichotoma) contain extremely high concentration of the total REE (675–3358 g/g) Generally, these REE distribution patterns in every part of plants were very similar and reflected the characteristics of their host soils. However, the chondritic normalized REE patterns in some plants relative to the host soil revealed obvious fractionation, such as the depletion of the heavy REE (for fernCitrus reticulata andBrassia campestris), the heavy REE enrichment (forCamellia sinensis, Camellia oleifera andZiziphus) and the Ce positive anomaly (forGardenia jasminoides).     

川西凹陷雷口坡组稀土元素特征及其意义

对川西凹陷丰卤1井雷口坡组岩屑样品进行了稀土元素(REE)的分析.结果表明,通过REE参数∑REE、LREE、HREE、w(LREE)/w(HREE)、w(LaN)/w(YbN)、δ Ce和δ Eu的比较,雷口坡组∑REE与LREE和HREE的变化呈正相关,LREE占∑REE的74%,对∑REE的变化起主要影响作用;R...     

开滦煤洗选过程中稀土元素的迁移和分配特征

以河北开滦矿区晚古生代煤及其洗选产品为研究对象，运用电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）和逐级化学提取的方法，对稀土元素的质量分数及其在洗选过程中的迁移和分配特征进行了研究。结果表明，开滦矿区煤中稀土元素没有明显富集；稀土元素在入洗原煤及其洗选产品中，以煤泥中质量分数最高，尾煤次之，在尾煤和煤泥中均相对富集；稀土元素在精煤中的质量分数最低；同原煤相比，中煤的稀土元素质量分数没有明显变化。原煤及其洗选的4种产品中的稀土元素分配模式基本相同，主要差别是质量分数的不同。稀土元素在洗选过程中的分配行为和赋存状态主要受控于黏土矿物，其次是有机质。     

High-resolution spectra of selected rare earth elements and spectral interferences studied by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES)

The rare earth elements (REEs) play very important roles in industrial manufacturing, technology development and biological processes. Due to their complex emission spectra, trace levels of REEs are difficult to analyze by conventional ICP-AES techniques. The present study investigates possible spectral interferences of matrices (rare earth oxides of Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm and Dy) on the analytical lines (± 0.1 nm) of a target REE. Detailed and well-resolved spectra for selected REEs are presented, and procedures used to rectify the problem of spectral interferences caused by REE matrices are discussed. A computer-assisted system (CAS) for spectral recognition has been developed and used to assist in the study of matrix interference. To determine directly trace rare earth elements in REE matrices without sample pre-separation, the application potential is demonstrated with a one meter sequential instrument retrofitted with a 3600 grooves/mm grating.     

Distribution of rare earth elements in the estuarine and coastal sediments of the Daliao River System, China

The Daliao River System (DRS) estuary in Liaodong Bay features a highly industrial, urbanized, and agricultural catchment. The objective of this study was to determine the content, behavior, and distribution of the rare earth elements (REEs) in the estuarine and coastal sediments. To this end, 35 sediment samples were collected from the estuarine and coastal area and analyzed for REEs, Fe, Al, and Mn. The mean concentrations in mg kg^?1 of the sediments were 33.4 (La), 64.1 (Ce), 7.9 (Pr), 29.0 (Nd), 5.4 (Sm), 1.2 (Eu), 4.2 (Gd), 0.78 (Tb), 4.0 (Dy), 0.84 (Ho), 2.3 (Er), 0.40 (Tm), 2.3 (Yb), and 0.37 (Lu). The REE concentrations in the sediments were significantly correlated with one another (r ²  = 0.959–0.988) and the concentrations of Fe, Al, and Mn (r ²  = 0.768–0.870). The total concentration ∑REE ranged from 73.5 to 203.5 mg kg^?1, with an average of 156.0 mg kg^?1 being observed, and generally higher in the estuarine sediments than in the coastal sediments, most likely due to the salt-induced coagulation of river colloids and subsequently their accumulation at the estuarine bottom. The ratio of light REEs (∑LREE) to heavy REEs (∑HREE) was 9.4. Chondrite-normalized REE distributions were observed to be similar for the estuarine and coastal sediments, riverine suspended particles, and watershed soils of the DRS with higher LRRE enrichment than HREE and greater Eu depletion than Ce depletion. These results demonstrate that neither geochemical processes that carry soils to estuarine sediments nor long-term industrial and agricultural activities alter the distribution or fractionation of the REEs in the study area.