Boson fields with the :Φ4: Interaction in three dimensions

The :⁴: interaction for boson fields is considered in three dimensional space time. A space cutoff is included in the interaction term. The main result is that the renormalized HamiltonianH _ren is a densely defined symmetric operator. In addition to the infinite vacuum energy and infinite mass renormalizations, this theory has an infinite wave function renormalization. Consequently the Hilbert space (of physical particles) in whichH _ren acts is disjoint from the bare particle Fock Hilbert space in which the unrenormalized Hamiltonian is defined.This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation, NSF GP 7477.     

Diffraction in three dimensions

Atmospheric Convection . By K. A. Emanuel. 1994, £47.50 (hbk), pp. x+580. Oxford, ISBN 0 19 506630 8. Scope: text. Level: postgraduate.

Automotive Sensors . By M. H. Westbrook and J. D. Turner. 1994, £75.00, US$149.00 (hbk), pp. xviii + 253. IOP, ISBN 0 7903 0293 3. Scope: monograph. Level: specialist.

Computation in Modem Physics . By W. R. Gibbs. 1994, £38.00 (hbk), pp. xvii + 348. World Scientific, ISBN 981 02 2044 8. Scope: text. Level: undergraduate and postgraduate.

Electron Correlations in Molecules and Solids , 2nd Edn. By P. Fulde. 1993, DM78.00 (pbk), pp. xiv + 422. Springer-Verlag, ISBN 3 540 56376 8. Scope: monograph. Level: postgraduate and specialist.

Field Theory, A Path Integral Approach . By A. Das. 1994, £48.00 (hbk), pp. xv + 399. World Scientific, ISBN 981 02 1396 4. Scope: lecture notes. Level: postgraduate.

Infrared Technology Fundamentals , 2nd Edn, revised and expanded. By M. Schlessinger. 1994, US$125.00 (hbk), pp. xii + 462. Dekker, ISBN 0 8247 9259 9. Scope: monograph. Level: postgraduate and specialist.

Oceanography and Acoustics . Edited by A. R. Robinson and D. Lee. 1994, US$65.00 (hbk), pp. xvii + 257. AIP, ISBN 1 56396 203 9. Scope: multi-author review. Level: postgraduate and specialist.

Optoelectronic Integration: Physics, Technology and Applications . Edited by O. Wada. 1994, Dfl. 275.00, US$130.00, £96.25 (hbk), pp. x + 458. Kluwer, ISBN 0 7923 9453 4. Scope: multi-author review. Level: postgraduate and specialist.

Photonic Devices and Systems . Edited by R. C. Hunsperger. 1994, US$135.00 (hbk), pp. xi + 426. Dekker, ISBN 0 8247 9243 2. Scope: multi-author review. Level: postgraduate and specialist.

Physics and Our View of the World . Edited by J. Hilgevoord. 1994, US$22.95 (pbk), pp. 304. Cambridge, ISBN 0 521 47680 1. Scope: multi-author review. Level: scientists and philosophers of science.

Polymer Physics . By U.W. Gedde. 1995, £49.00 (hbk), £24.99 (pbk), pp. x + 298. Chapman &; Hall, ISBN 0 412 62640. Scope: textbook. Level: undergraduate and postgraduate.

Quantization of Gauge Systems . By M. Henneaux and C. Teitelboim. 1994, US$29.95, £25.00 (pbk) pp. xxii + 520. Princeton, ISBN 0 691 03769 8. Scope: textbook. Level: postgraduate and specialist.

Semiconductor Raman Lasers . By K. Suto and J.-I. Nlshlzawa. 1994, £63.00 (hbk), pp. ix + 226. Artech, ISBN 0 89006 667 1. Scope: monograph. Level: specialist.

Shapes and Shells in Nuclear Structure . By S. G. Nilsson and I. Ragnarsson. 1995, £60.00, US$89.95 (hbk), pp. xiv + 408. Cambridge, ISBN 0 521 37377 8. Scope: textbook. Level: postgraduate.

Supersymmetric Gauge Field Theory and String Theory . By D. Bailin and A. Love. 1994, £80.00, US$160.00 (hbk), £27.50, US$49.00 (pbk), pp. xii + 332. IOP, ISBN 0 7503 0268 2. Scope: textbook. Level: postgraduate.

Short notices Advanced Series in Neuroscience , Vol. 3. Biology and Computation, A Physicist's Choice. Reprint volume. Edited by H. Gutfreund and G. Toulouse. 1994, £94.00 (hbk) pp. xv + 852. World Scientific, ISBN 981 02 1405 7. Scope: reprints. Level: postgraduate and specialist.

Electronic Structure of Refractory Carbides and Nitrides . Edited by V. A. Gubanov, A.L. Ivanovsky and V. P. Zhukov. 1994, $79.95 (hbk) pp. xiv + 256. Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0 521 41885 2. Scope: monograph. Level: postgraduate and specialist.

Fritz London: A Scientific Biography . By K. Gavroglu. 1995, £50.00 (hbk), pp. xxiv + 299. Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0 521 43273 1. Scope: biography. Level: general reader.

Gallium Arsenide and Related Compounds 1993 . Edited by H. S. Rupprecht and G. Weinmann. 1994, £115.00, US$230.00 (hbk), pp. xxiv + 842. IOP, ISBN 0 7503 0295 X. Scope: conference proceedings. Level: postgraduate and specialist.

Matvei Petrovich Bronstein and Soviet Physics in the Thirties . By G. E. Gorelik and V. Y. Frenkel. 1994, £65.00, DM 168.00. sFr. 148.00 (hbk), pp. 208. Birkhauser, ISBN 3 7643 2752 9. Scope: biography. Level: non-specialist.

Physical Chemistry . 5th edn. By P. W. Atkins. 1994, £24.00 (pbk), pp. xix + 1145. Oxford, ISBN 0 19 855730 2. Scope textbook. Level: undergraduate.

Polyominoes. Puzzles, Patterns, Problems, and Packings . Revised and expanded 2nd edn. By S.W. Golomb. 1994, US$24.95, £19.95 (hbk) pp. xii + 181. Princeton University Press, ISBN 0 691 08573 0. Scope: text. Level: non-specialist.

Supercollider 5 . Edited by P. Hale. 1994, US$195.00 (hbk), pp. xxviii + 970. Plenum, ISBN 0 306 44705 3. Scope: conference proceedings. Level: postgraduate and specialist.

World Scientific Series in 20th Century Physics , Vol. 5. Selected Papers of Abdus Salam (With Commentary). Edited by A. Ali, C. Isham, T. Kibble and Riazuddin. 1994, £64.00 (hbk) pp. xiv + 679. World Scientific, ISBN 981 02 1662 9. Scope: reprinted papers. Level: specialist.     

Painlevé analysis for a nonlinear schrödinger equation in three dimensions

A Painlevé analysis is performed for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation in (2+1) dimensions following the methodology of Weiss et al. simplified in the sense of Kruskal. At least for one branch it is found that the required number of arbitrary functions (as demanded by the Cauchy-Kovalevskaya theorem) exists, signalling complete integrability.     

Self-dual Yang-Mills fields in eight dimensions

Strongly self-dual Yang-Mills fields in even-dimensional spaces are characterised by a set of constraints on the eigenvalues of the Yang-Mills fieldsF . We derive a topological bound on R⁸, , wherep1 is the first Pontryagin class of the SO(n) Yang-Mills bundle, andk is a constant. Strongly self-dual Yang-Mills fields realise the lower bound.     

Exact solutions of spin-one DKP equation under Kratzer potential in (1 + 2) dimensions

We study the relativistic spin-one Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau equation in the presence of Kratzer potential in (1 + 2)-dimensional Minkowski space-time. To obtain the energy eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenfunctions, the analytical Nikiforov-Uvarov method is used.     

Energy barriers for flux lines in three dimensions

I determine the scaling behavior of the free energy barriers encountered by a flux line in moving through a three-dimensional random potential. A combination of numerical simulations and analytic arguments suggests that these barriers scale with the length of the line in the same way as the fluctuation in the free energy.     

Geometric representation for partial polarization in three dimensions

Recently, we described a geometric construction for determining the eigenvalues of the coherency matrix in three dimensions. We show that this leads directly to a representation of the three-dimensional degree of polarization in terms of a triangular composition plot, in which different polarization measures have simple properties and can be expressed in terms of the matrix invariants. This composition plot is an alternative to the spherical plot recently used to illustrate the degree of polarization in terms of entanglement.     

Space-filling bearings in three dimensions

We present the first space-filling bearing in three dimensions. It is shown that a packing which contains only loops of an even number of spheres can be constructed in a self-similar way and that it can act as a three-dimensional bearing in which spheres can rotate without slip and with negligible torsion friction.     

Supersymmetry breaking in three dimensions

One-loop corrections to the effective potential in three-dimensional supersymmetric massless scalar electrodynamics are calculated to see whether or not they spontaneously break supersymmetry. It is found that neither the supersymmetry nor the U(1) gauge invariance is broken by one-loop effects.     

Confined subdiffusion in three dimensions

Three-dimensional （3D） Fick＇s diffusion equation and fractional diffusion equation are solved for different reflecting boundaries. We use the continuous time random walk model （CTRW） to investigate the time-averaged mean square dis- placement （MSD） of a 3D single particle trajectory. Theoretical results show that the ensemble average of the time-averaged MSD can be expressed analytically by a Mittag-Leffler function. Our new expression is in agreement with previous formu- las in two limiting cases： （^-δ2） ~ △1 in short lag time and （^-δ2} ~ △1 -α in long lag time. We also simulate the experimental data of mRNA diffusion in living E. coli using a 3D CTRW model under confined and crowded conditions. The simulation results are well consistent with experimental results. The calculations of power spectral density （PSD） further indicate the subdiffsive behavior of an individual trajectory.     

Andreev reflection in three dimensions

正When an electron with negative charge-e is incident from a normal metal to an interface with a superconductor,it may be reflected as a hole with positive charge e at the interface.In such a way,a pair of electrons can be transferred to the superconductor and form a Cooper pair.This process of electron-hole conversion is called Andreev reflection(AR)[1].In two dimensions where the normal metal-superconductor junction is assumed to be along the x direction,     

Topological insulators in three dimensions

We study three-dimensional generalizations of the quantum spin Hall (QSH) effect. Unlike two dimensions, where a single Z2 topological invariant governs the effect, in three dimensions there are 4 invariants distinguishing 16 phases with two general classes: weak (WTI) and strong (STI) topological insulators. The WTI are like layered 2D QSH states, but are destroyed by disorder. The STI are robust and lead to novel "topological metal" surface states. We introduce a tight binding model which realizes the WTI and STI phases, and we discuss its relevance to real materials, including bismuth.     

Continuous freezing in three dimensions

We analyze the freezing transition in a system of hard particles with a very long-ranged repulsion. The long-range repulsion makes first-order freezing transitions continuous, but leaves the initial stages of the crystallization unchanged: the crystal phase must still nucleate. The coexistence between bulk phases is replaced by microphase separation.     

Dirac semimetal in three dimensions

We show that the pseudorelativistic physics of graphene near the Fermi level can be extended to three dimensional (3D) materials. Unlike in phase transitions from inversion symmetric topological to normal insulators, we show that particular space groups also allow 3D Dirac points as symmetry protected degeneracies. We provide criteria necessary to identify these groups and, as an example, present ab initio calculations of β-cristobalite BiO(2) which exhibits three Dirac points at the Fermi level. We find that β-cristobalite BiO(2) is metastable, so it can be physically realized as a 3D analog to graphene.     

Relaxing to three dimensions

We propose a new selection principle for distinguishing among possible vacua that we call the "relaxation principle." The idea is that the Universe will naturally select among possible vacua through its cosmological evolution, and the configuration with the biggest filling fraction is the likeliest. We apply this idea to the question of the number of dimensions of space. We show that under conventional (but higher-dimensional) Friedmann-Robertson-Walker evolution, a universe filled with equal numbers of branes and antibranes will naturally come to be dominated by 3-branes and 7-branes. We show why this might explain the number of dimensions that are experienced in our visible Universe.