微量元素与中医、中药

中医理论与微量元素的关系，研究最多的是脏腑的实质与中医的“证”。很多研究工作者认为虚证和Zn、Cu、Fe、Mn、Sr、Ca等元素中的一个、两个或几个含量变化有关。有报道无论阴虚、阳虚患者均表现为血清铜升高，铜与锌比值降低，血清、全血或头发等不同样品中锌含量明显下降。而中药理论主要研究中药功效、药性、归经与微量元素之间的关系。研究发现具有收涩、温里、芳香化湿、补阳作用的中药中锰含量较高；     

微量元素与中医药理论和临床研究

根据王旭老师的经验和作者临床体会对微量元素与中医药理论和临床研究提出三点意见：1．中医药理论与微量元素研究相结合，整理出微量元素是中医阴阳、表里、寒热、虚实八钢辩证的物质基础，介绍为临床冶疗溃疡性结肠炎所研制的微元舒胶囊就是依据中药富含微量元素锌，并结合传统的中医药理论为指导筛选制成的新制剂，对促进创面的愈合有显著效果。2．科研机构与临床相结合，结合临床使用清松乐口服液(I、Ⅱ号)治疗非特异性慢性结肠炎取得可靠疗效与富含微量元素有关，强调科研机构与临床相结合的现实意义和深远作用。3．由浅入深，从简单到复杂是学习研究微量元素与中医药学的必经之路，结合临床进行非特异性慢性结肠炎与微量元素关系的研究。经207例病例总结，认为非特异性慢性结肠炎与微量元素锌缺乏有密切关系。还从年龄、性别及锌铜比值等进行研究，取得了可靠依据。     

肾脏病的微量元素研究

近二十年来．徽量元素工作者经过大量的临床与实验研究．发现肾脏病患者体内的徽量元素代谢存在着显著的异常表现．引起了国内外肾脏病学者的高度重视．本文概括叙述了国内外有关肾小球肾炎、肾病综合征、原位免疫肾炎、慢性肾功能衰竭、尿毒症等各型肾脏疾病的微量元素代谢规律，以及运用微量元素建立判别函数方程诊断慢性肾功能衰竭的思路和方法．肾多虚证．但由于中医对辨病和辨证尚无统一规范，故对虚证的微量元素研究虽多，认识却不尽相同．问题也较多，本文简要叙述了部分中医虚证的徽量元素研究结果。提示虚证的微量元素变化有很多共同之处．仅供临床研究参考．     

全国第六届中医药微量元素暨中药药效物质基础和作用机理研究、中药中有毒重金属的生物活性和毒性及其限量标准研究学术研讨会联合征文通知(第一轮通知)

根据国家对中医药科学化、现代化的要求,为了推动中医药微量元素科学化、现代化的发展,使中医药走向世界,总结近几年全国中医药微量元素工作者的经验和成果,经中国中医药学会微量元素分会领导成员会议研究决定,于２０００年第三季度举行“全国第六届中医药微量元素学术会议暨中药药效物质基础和作用机制研究、中药（材）及中成药中有毒重金属的生物活性和毒性及其限量标准研究专题研讨会”（会议地点待定）。现将征文通知如下： 一、征文内容： １．中医药理论、中医药临床和中药应用等与微量元素的关系方面的研究论文和综述。 ２．中…     

治疗心脑血管疾病中成药中铜锌比值的含量分析

采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定了20种治疗心脑血管疾病中成药物中铜锌含量并计算铜锌比值。结果表明,治疗脑血管疾病中成药中Cu/Zn比治疗心血管疾病中成药中Cu/Zn高,并有含量并计算Cu/Zn一定的差异（P＜0．05）,这为探讨中成药物中微量元素与治疗心脑血管疾病的关系提供了有用的数据,同时也为临床上合理用药提供了微量元素方面的依据。     

中医治疗与微量元素浅析

近年来，许多学者研究发现中医虚证与微量元素含量变化有关，中药研究也按这一思路进行了中药与微量元素的研究，但试图以中药补充病理状态下机体微量元素的不足是不可取的，不如通过食物补充。因此，中药治疗虚证之微量元素失调，应采用具富集某种微量元素作用的中药，同时必须在治疗中突出中医特色。     

中医妇科血瘀症与微量元素

论述了中医妇科的血瘀证与微量元素之间的关系，包括：锌，铁，铜，的生理作用及其在中医妇科血瘀症中的变化，并讨论了它们对中医妇科血瘀证发生，发展和形成的影响。     

汤剂中成药中微量元素的研究

采用Z－8000型偏振塞曼原子吸收分光光度仪,对心脑宁,密炼川贝枇杷膏,清热解毒口服液,保尔康糖浆等8种中成药中Cu,Mn,Zn,Na等9种元素进行分析研究,结果表明,汤剂中成药中含有多种微量元素,这些微量元素与药效有一定联系,汤剂中成药中微量元素的含量比丸剂或胶囊制剂的微量元素含量总体都较低一些。     

血浆游离脂肪酸代谢轮廓柱前衍生定量方法在糖尿病患者中医虚证分型中的应用

以α-溴代苯乙酮为衍生化试剂,十七酸为内标物,建立了糖尿病患者血浆中游离脂肪酸(FFA)代谢谱分析法,实现了6种主要FFA及6种微量FFA的定量分析。用此方法分析了75位临床糖尿病患者的血浆FFA代谢谱,并通过线性判别分析(LDA)对气虚和气阴两虚两种中医虚证进行了关联分析,正判率为94.3%。逐步判别分析结果表明,花生四烯酸(C20:4)和油酸(C18:1)承载了这两种虚证的重要信息,可作为潜在的标志物。利用代谢组学技术研究血浆FFA代谢谱与中医虚证的相关关系对规范证候临床诊断,提高中医药诊疗体系的可信度与可重复性具有重要意义。     

四种补肾中成药微量元素含量的研究

从微量元素含量的角度,采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法,对四种常用补肾中成药中微量元素的含量进行了初步研究.研究结果表明,补肾阳药中钙、磷、镁、铁、钾含量普遍高于补肾阴药,与中医辨证施治的理论相一致.     

8味补阴药补阳药中微量元素Fe、Mg、Zn、Ca、Mn、Cu的测定

采用火焰原子吸收光谱法对补阴药石斛、玉竹、北沙参、女贞子和补阳药肉苁蓉、杜仲、菟丝子、补骨脂8味中药进行Fe、Mg、Zn、Ca、Mn、Cu含量测定。结果表明,以平均值而论Mg、Cu含量补阴药与补阳药相当,Fe、Ca含量补阴药低于补阳药,Zn、Mn含量补阴药高于补阳药。以每味中药而论,补阳药菟丝子Fe含量最高,是其他几味中药的近10倍,补阴药石斛Zn、Mn含量最高,是其他几味中药的3~10倍。补阴药、补阳药药效是相对的,但本实验测定各微量元素含量并没有呈现相对性,因此,补阴药、补阳药的药效与Fe、Mg、Zn、Ca、Mn、Cu微量元素的相关性有待于进一步研究。     

贫血冲剂对脾虚模型小鼠全血微量元素变化探讨

对常用６１种中药作微量元素检测．发现补血滋肾类药铁含量丰富，而健脾益气类药铁和锌含量均高．制备脾虚模型小鼠以贫血冲剂喂养一周及二周，分别检测其全血中铁、锌、钙含量．发现喂养一周．脾虚组与对照组全血铁，锌．钙含员变化不大（Ｐ＞０．０５），而喂养二周，脾成组全血铁、锌、钙含量明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。     

叶菜型甘薯茎尖中微量元素和氨基酸的含量分析

采用等离子体发射光谱法测定了叶菜型甘薯茎尖中K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn、Cu、Se等7种微量元素的含量,氨基酸分析仪测定了18种氨基酸的含量。结果表明,与其它12种叶菜类蔬菜相比较,叶菜型甘薯茎尖中K、Ca、Se含量较高;含有18种氨基酸,人体必需的氨基酸种类齐全,含量较高的氨基酸是天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、亮氨酸;高Se是叶菜型甘薯茎尖的显著特点。为探讨叶菜型甘薯茎尖中微量元素和氨基酸与保健功能之间的关系提供了有用的数据。     

Trace element pathways from environment to man

The ultimate purpose of all studies on environmental contamination is to protect human life; as a consequence the knowledge of the trace element pathways from environment to man is of paramount importance because it allows the assessment of a clear relationship between any environmental contamination and its effects on man. To this extent two different kinds of environmental studies will be described in this paper: (a) Studies of the geographic variations on the whole national territory of the natural levels of trace elements in water, food and some human tissues. (b) Studies of selected areas where a critical population group is exposed to abnormal levels of some trace elements. The main trace elements considered are: Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, Hg, Ni, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se and Zn; all the measurements were performed by means of non-destructive neutron activation analysis.     

Major elements as possible factors of trace element urban pedochemical anomalies

The relationship between real total contents of the major elements Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, K, Ca, Ti, Fe and the trace elements Ag, As, B, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, V, U, Zn in topsoil from the central part of Vilnius is analysed. The amounts of most elements were determined by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence, while amounts of Ag, B, Co were measured by optical atomic emission spectrophotometry. Two factors were distinguished according to major elements: anthropogenic (A) including Ca, Mg, Fe, P, S and clayey (C) including K, Al, Ti. Boron, Mn, Cr and U are significantly correlated with members of both factors, Sb with none of them and other trace elements either with all (Cu, Zn, Pb, Se, Ba, Ni, Co) or with separate (V, Ag, Sn, Mo, As) members of the A-factor. Only B, Mn, Cr, U (partly their additive index Z1) are influenced by the C-factor, while twelve other trace elements (also their additive index Z2) are influenced by the A-factor. The additive index Z of all 17 elements is also affected by the A-factor. Four groups of sites have been distinguished according to normal or higher contents of both factors. The majority of trace element anomalies are related to the sites affected by the A-factor.     

Determination of major and trace elements in six herbal drugs for relieving heat and toxicity by ICP-AES with microwave digestion

ObjectiveTo establish a method to simultaneously determine major and trace element contents of Na, K, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, Ca, Mg, Cr, Ni, Pb, Se, As and Cd in six herbal drugs.MethodsMicrowave digestion procedure was applied under optimized conditions for digesting medicinal herbs. Concentrations of elements were determined by ICP-AES.ResultsThe results indicated that the herbal drugs were abundant in major and trace element contents which are healthy for human body. After optimizing the microwave digestion technology, the recovery of the element was 96.79–103.47% and the RSD < 5.0%.ConclusionICP-AES combined with the microwave digestion technology has a lot of merits in terms of saving time and effort, reducing environmental pollution, fast and accurate determination of results in determining major and trace elements.     

Application of neutron activation analysis in the investigation of trace element metabolism

The applications of neutron activation analysis in the investigation of trace element metabolism in animals and man are described and discussed. They include the determination of element distributions in the body, the study of correlations between trace element concentrations and physiological processes, the special methods of investigation of trace element metabolism in man and the identification of the chemical forms of the elements in the organism. Examples for each stage of application are given.     

300例头发微量元素结果分析

为寻找病因、了解婴幼儿体内微量元素缺乏状态与某些疾病的关系,分析了300例发样中的锌、铁、铜、钙、锰、铅含量,结果显示婴幼儿病态下微量元素缺乏较为普遍,是婴幼儿食欲低下、生长发育迟缓、佝偻病、贫血症、多动症的主要病因,反复上呼吸道感染、腹痛、头痛也与体内微量元素浓度有关。     

微量元素与妊娠并发症的关系

为探讨孕妇体内微量元素与妊娠并发症的关系,采用回顾性分析的方法,分析了住院分娩有妊娠并发症的孕妇体内微量元素的变化,其中妊高征、胎膜早破、胎儿宫内窘迫、FGR各5 0例,并随机选取同期住院分娩无任何合并症和并发症的孕妇5 0例作为对照组,测定其体内微量元素Zn、Fe、Cu的代谢情况,并探讨其相关性。结果表明,妊高征、胎膜早破、FGR、胎儿宫内窘迫孕妇的静脉血中Zn含量明显低于正常孕妇组,胎膜早破的孕妇血中Cu含量明显低于正常孕妇组(P <0 0 1 ) ,FGR、胎儿宫内窘迫的孕妇血中含Fe量也明显偏低,与正常孕妇组比较,差异有显著性意义。结论是妊娠并发症的出现与孕妇血中的微量元素代谢异常可能有一定的关系     

New certified reference material for general use in the determination of trace elements in the environment: Single cell protein

The way of certification of trace element contents in a sample of single cell protein (SCP) is presented together with the results of the homogeneity and stability studies, carried out on this sample (BCR 274). The elements As, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Pb, Se and Zn are certified using different spectrometric, electrochemical or activation techniques after a thorough sample treatment. The material is not only useful in SCP-analysis, but can also be applied for analytical background measurements and control or for the analysis of similar materials (e.g. sea food).