Simulation studies of DFB laser longitudinal structures for narrow linewidth emission

The paper presents simulation studies targeting high-power narrow-linewidth emission from semiconductor distributed feedback (DFB) lasers. The studies contain analytic and numerical calculations of emission linewidth, side mode suppression ratio and output power for DFB lasers without phase shifts and with \(1\times \lambda /4\) and \(2\times \lambda /8\) phase shifts, taking into account the grating and facets reflectivities, the randomness of the spontaneous emission and the longitudinal photon and carrier density distributions in the laser cavity. Single device structural parameter optimization is generally associated with a trade-off between achieving a narrow linewidth and a high output power. Correlated optimization of multiple structural parameters enables the evaluation of achievable ranges of narrow linewidth and high power combinations. Devices with long cavities and low grating coupling coefficients, \(\kappa\) (keeping \(\kappa L\) values below the levels that promote re-broadening), with AR-coated facets and with a distributed phase-shift have the flattest longitudinal photon and carrier density distributions. This flatness enables stable single-longitudinal-mode operation with high side-mode-suppression ratio up to high injection current densities, which facilitates narrow linewidths and high output powers. The results reported in the paper indicate that Master-Oscillator Power-Amplifier laser structures are needed for achieving W-level high-powers with sub-MHz linewidths because most single-cavity DFB laser structural variations that reduce the linewidth also limit the achievable output power in single-mode operation.     

DFB fiber laser hydrophone with band-pass response

A distributed-feedback fiber laser hydrophone with band-pass response is presented. The design of the hydrophone aims to equalize static pressure and eliminate signal aliasing of high-frequency acoustic components. Theoretical analysis is presented based on electro-acoustic theory. The experimental results agree well with the theory. The measured underwater responses show that the hydrophone has a pressure sensitivity of -170 dB re:pm/μPa over a bandwidth between 100 Hz and 500 Hz. A sensitivity reduction exceeding -35 dB is observed at 2500 Hz. The tested static pressure sensitivity of the hydrophone is -226 dB. The proposed fiber laser hydrophone of this kind is expected to have important application in deep water fiber-optic sonar systems with anti-aliasing, and the understanding gained through this work can be extended to a guide of hydrophone design for required filtering bandwidth.     

The semiclassical theory of a three-mirror laser and its comparison with experiment

Semiclassical laser theory is used to analyse the operation of a single-mode three-mirror laser system. Experimental results, using a precise and highly flexible on-line computer system, show excellent agreement with theory.     

灵敏的基于分布反馈式半导体激光波长调制光声光谱

利用室温下单模运行的近红外半导体二极管激光,报导了波长调制共振光声光谱结合二次谐波探测技术.实验系统应用到乙炔探测,在1个标准大气压和3毫瓦平均光功率以及3毫秒锁相积分时间条件下其探测灵敏度可达10ppm(体积比),归一化到激光功率和系统带宽最小可探测吸收为4.0×10-8Wcm-1/Hz,并且实验中发现系统最佳压力响应值在2.66×104Pa附近.本实验装置可有效的消除光声光谱系统中常见的窗片和光声腔壁吸收入射光而引起的背景噪声.此外,相对于其他方法我们描述的基于半导体激光共振光声光谱具有很大的优点,为进一步发展便利、实用、便携式环境监测仪器奠定了坚实的基础.     

Stabilized DFB laser system with large tuning range

We propose, design, and realize a compact stabilized laser system that can be tuned within 24 GHz automatically.This laser system consists of two distributed feedback(DFB) lasers, one of which is reference and locked to the D2 line of ~(87)Rb, the other laser is a slave that is locked to the reference laser via a loop servo. We measured the frequency of the beating signal of the two lasers and generated an error signal, which controlled the frequency of the slave laser to close the loop. We compressed the fluctuation of the beating signal's frequency to less than 1 MHz.Furthermore, the system can also automatically determine and control whether the slave is red detuned or blue detuned to the reference. The dimensions of our laser system are about 15 cm × 20 cm × 10 cm. This kind of laser system can be applied in many important applications, such as atomic interferometer and cold atomic clock.     

Two-dimensional dynamic simulations of DFB lasers and MOPAs

Due to the complex lateral structure of Distributed Feedback lasers (DFB) and Master Oscillator Power Amplifiers (MOPAs), one-dimensional methods like the classical Transfer Matrix Method (TMM) are not suitable for simulating the optical wave in these devices. Therefore, we applied Trigonometric Finite Wave Elements (TFWE) that generalize the TMM in two or three dimensions. By coupling the dynamic wave equation with simplified temperature and drift-diffusion models, we can simulate the dynamic behavior of DFB lasers and MOPAs. Furthermore, by Fourier transformation, we can calculate the modes of the laser cavity and the corresponding wavelengths. By this approach, the influence of injection current and temperature on the resulting modes and output power can be analyzed in detail.     

Holographic DFB laser with fan-shaped grating for a spectrofluorimeter

A method for recording fan-shaped transmitting phase holographic gratings that ensure tuning of the wavelength of emission for a DFB (distributed-feedback) dye laser is presented. Traditional optical elements are used in the scheme of grating recording. A change in the degree of grating fanning is reached here without replacement of gratings. The possibility of obtaining frequency-tuned emission by means of the fan-shaped gratings created is demonstrated experimentally. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 67, No. 1, pp. 48–51, January–February, 2000.     

Resonant photoacoustic detection of trace gas with DFB diode laser

A resonant photoacoustic detection system based on a low-power distributed feedback diode laser is developed. This sensor has been applied to the detection of acetylene (C₂H₂) using a specifically designed photoacoustic cell operating on its second longitudinal mode. The minimum detectable limit of about 10 parts-per-million volume (SNR=1) is achieved with an average laser power of 3.5 mW at atmospheric pressure, and an integration time constant of 3 ms; thus, the minimum detectable absorption coefficient normalised by power and bandwidth is 4.0×10⁻⁸ W cm⁻¹/√Hz. The optimum operating pressure buffered with N₂ is also investigated. The realisation of our system is described and experimental results are compared with different modulation techniques and other results reported in the literature. A number of issues arising from the conventional use of mechanical chopping of the beam can be effectively suppressed in wavelength modulation PA spectroscopy (WM-PAS) and second harmonic detection.     

超短时延测量DFB激光器的动态线宽

激光器调谐过程中的动态线宽是非常重要的参数, 然而, 当前各种测量方法得到的都是激光器稳定状态下的静态线宽. 本文提出一种对干涉拍信号进行基于局部均值分解的时频分析进而获取激光动态线宽的方法, 通过仿真信号验证了这种时频分析方法提取瞬时相位噪声的有效性; 构建实验系统, 利用10cm路径差产生约0.5ns的超短时延, 提取相位噪声的时频分布, 首次得到了分布反馈半导体激光器在脉冲工作模式下的动态线宽. 关键词： 超短时延 动态线宽 局部均值分解 时频分布     

Analysis on DFB laser diode with main and multiple side modes injection-locked

One distributed feedback (DFB) laser diode with main and multiple side modes injection-locked is proposed and demonstrated. DFB laser diode can be successfully injection-locked not only in the main mode but also in the side modes. The side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) value of each injection-locked mode is enhanced, thereby, it can be a promising candidate for the use of multiple optical sources. Our proposed scheme has the potential to be used as optical sources for radio-on-wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) transport systems to provide multiple services.     

Spice simulation of a large-signal model for quantum cascade laser

A large-signal spice model of QCL is described, which is based on a set of rate equations. This model can also perform both small- and large-signal simulations. The dynamic responses obtained by using Spice simulator are obviously different from those in the interband lasers. No resonance peak is presented in the modulation response and the 3-dB bandwidth would reach tens of GHz. The turn-on delay time is on the order of ps that accord with the carrier lifetime of QCL. In addition, the dependency of bias current on the dynamic response are investigated. Results indicates that the bias current has a significant effects on the QC laser.      

Thermal tuning and modulation of a DFB fibre laser with a thin-film heater

Results are given for thermal tuning and modulation of a 1556-nm distributed feedback fibre laser by resistive heating of a thin silver film chemically deposited on the fibre. Without reaching the limits of performance, linear tuning is demonstrated at a rate of 1.72 pm/mW up to about 200 pm, and a peak-to-peak modulation of 100 MHz up to modulation frequencies of 60 Hz. The heat flow is analyzed, and the coated fibre is characterized in terms of the static and dynamic wavelength response to the applied electric power. The performance of the scheme is tested by recording part of the ν₁+ν₃ combination band spectrum of ¹³C₂H₂ with thermal modulation and scanning of the fibre laser. Received: 12 March 2002 / Revised version: 24 June 2002 / Published online: 25 September 2002 RID="*" ID="*"Corresponding author. Fax: +45/4593-1137, E-mail: sus@dfm.dtu.dk     

Improved design of a DFB Raman fibre laser

A Raman fibre laser based on phase shifted DFB structures is modelled for the first time. Using parameters of realistic devices, the model predicts low-threshold and highly-efficient laser output. The change of position and width of the phase shift were found to have a substantial impact on laser performance.     

Fabrication of low threshold current monolithic DFB laser with an MMI combiner

We fabricate low threshold current monolithic distributed feedback(DFB) laser with a multi-mode interface(MMI) combiner using butt-joint metal-organic chemical vapor deposition technology with different waveguide structures. Multi-layer mask self-aligned photolithography technology is used to form different waveguides in active and passive regions, respectively. The result shows that the laser threshold current is lower than 10 m A, with 50 d B side-mode suppression ratio.     

Measurement of small-signal and large-signal responses of packaged laser modules at high temperature

In this paper, the pulsed injection method is extended to measure the chip temperature of various packaged laser modules, such as the DFB laser modules, the FP laser modules, and the EML laser modules. An optimal injection condition is obtained by investigating the dependence of the lasing wavelength on the width and period of the injection pulse in a relatively wide temperature range. The small-signal frequency responses and large-signal performances of packaged laser modules at different chip temperature are measured. The adiabatic small-signal modulation characteristics of packaged LD are first extracted. In the large-signal measurement, the effects of chip temperature, bias current and driving signal on the performances of the laser modules are discussed. It has been found that the large-signal performances of the EML modules depend on the different red-shift speeds of the DFB and EAM sections as chip temperature varying, and the optimal characteristics may be achieved at higher temperature.     

"三明治"靶型在间接驱动冲击波实验中的应用

间接驱动方式具有提供更高冲击波压力的潜力,对冲击波物理研究来说是一种很好的驱动方式.针对间接驱动下X射线离化对透明窗口造成的致盲问题,提出了新的"三明治"靶型结构,以完成间接驱动下冲击波实验.该靶型可以用两种方法避免致盲效应对实验的干扰.一种方法是从时间上避开致盲效应,使致盲效应与冲击波测量区错开,从而获得冲击波数据.另一种方法是从强度上屏蔽X射线,将X射线阻挡在透明材料之前,使其不能产生致盲效应.对单冲击实验而言,用增加烧蚀层厚度的方法,将X射线离化效应与冲击波信号从时间上错开,获得了蓝宝石和石英晶体中冲击波实验的结果.用增加阻挡层的方法,获得了间接驱动条件下石英晶体和聚苯乙烯材料中的冲击波实验结果.提出的"三明治"靶型,为间接驱动条件下状态方程和冲击波调速技术提供了技术支持. 关键词： 冲击波 光学诊断 离化效应 干涉仪     

A double wavelength DFB laser with an identical active area for CWDM

A novel distribute feedback (DFB) laser which gave two different wavelengths under two distinct work conditions was fabricated. The laser consists of two Bragg gratings with different periods corresponding to wavelength spacing of 20 nm in an identical active area. When driving current was injected into one of the different sections separately, two different wavelengths at 1542.4 and 1562.5 nm were realized. The side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) of 45 dB or more both for the two Bragg wavelengths were achieved. The fabricating process of the laser was just the samp as that of traditional DFB laser diode. This device can be potentially used in coarse wavelength division multiplexer (CWDM) as a promising light source and the technology idea can be used to enlarge the transmission capacity in metro area network (MAN).     

A double wavelength DFB laser with an identical active area for CWDM

A novel distribute feedback (DFB) laser which gave two different wavelengths under two distinct work conditions was fabricated. The laser consists of two Bragg gratings with different periods corresponding to wavelength spacing of 20 nm in an identical active area. When driving current was injected into one of the different sections separately, two different wavelengths at 1542.4 and 1562.5 nm were realized. The side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) of 45 dB or more both for the two Bragg wavelengths were achieved. The fabricating process of the laser was just the same as that of traditional DFB laser diode. This device can be potentially used in coarse wavelength division multiplexer (CWDM) as a promising light source and the technology idea can be used to enlarge the transmission capacity in metro area network (MAN).