基于双鱼网结构的可见光波段超材料

基于双鱼网左手模型的思想,使用模板辅助化学电沉积的方法制备出不同结构周期的金属银纳米网格,并进一步实现了可见光波段的双鱼网结构超材料.随着结构周期的减小,金属银纳米网格透射通带位置出现蓝移.使用周期为420 nm的金属银纳米网格组装成双鱼网结构,样品在610 nm处出现透射增强及平板聚焦效应.倘若使用结构周期更小的模板,有望实现更短波长,甚至蓝光波段的双鱼网结构超材料. 关键词： 超材料 双鱼网结构 可见光 平板聚焦     

Ultra-broadband and polarization-independent planar absorber based on multilayered graphene

We propose an ultra-broadband and polarization independent planar absorber comprising multilayered graphene. The bandwidth of the proposed absorber is extended by increasing the number of layers of graphene, and it is polarization independent due to its symmetrical unit structure. The full wave simulation results show that an absorber with three graphenebased layers can efficiently harvest an electromagnetic wave with random polarization from 17.9 GHz to 188.7 GHz(i.e.,covering frequency regimes from K to D bands and relative bandwidth of ~ 165%). The physical absorption mechanism of ultra-broadband absorption has been elaborated upon using the destructive interference method and multiple resonances approach in a multilayered medium. The proposed absorber can be used in many applications such as medical treatment,electromagnetic compatibility, and stealth technique.     

Negative refraction based on purely imaginary metamaterials

By introducing a new mechanism based on purely imaginary metamaterials (PIMs), we reveal that bidirectional negative refraction and planar focusing can be obtained using a pair of PIM slabs, overcoming the unidirectional limit in parity-time (PT)-symmetric systems. Compared with PT-symmetric systems, which require two different types of materials, the proposed negative refraction can be realized using two identical media. In addition, asymmetric excitation with bidirectional total transmission is observed in our PIM system. Therefore, a new way to realize negative refraction with properties that are unavailable in PT-symmetric systems is presented.     

可见光波段超材料的平面聚焦效应

基于超材料双鱼网结构物理模型,设计了树枝状结构+树枝状结构、树枝状结构+银膜和树枝状结构+氧化铟锡玻璃三种可见光波段超材料复合结构.采用双模板辅助化学电沉积方法,制备出金属银树枝状结构阵列和银膜,分别实现了这三种复合结构.透射和反射实验表明,三种复合结构具有类似的行为.比较发现,树枝状结构+氧化铟锡玻璃复合结构具有损耗低和平面聚焦效应明显的优点.通过调节实验条件,分别制备出能够实现平面聚焦的红绿蓝三种可见光波段超材料. 关键词： 超材料 银树枝状结构 可见光 平面聚焦     

复合结构螺旋超材料对光波前的高效调控

近年来,超材料和超表面因为一些不同于传统材料的新奇性质一直被广泛研究,而基于超材料或者是超表面的波前控制也是其中的一个热门研究领域.迄今为止,已经提出了很多不同的结构来对反射光和透射光的波前进行调控,在已知的结构中,反射光的波前调控效率已经可以达到较高数值,但是很少有报道能够使用超材料简单高效地调制透射光的波前.本文提出了一种由相同几何结构的左旋和右旋结构复合而成的螺旋超材料.通过使用时域有限差分方法进行仿真,发现这种螺旋结构将会在入射光和透射光之间引入一个可控的相位变化,从而可直接对透射光波前进行调控.仿真结果还表明,该复合结构螺旋超材料在较宽的波长范围内可以达到近64%的透射率.最后通过将该螺旋材料沿着X轴排布成有着连续相位变化的阵列,可以在近红外区域(1.0—1.4μm)观察到反常折射现象,仿真结果与理论计算得出的反常折射角十分符合.     

Spin Hall effect of a light beam in anisotropic metamaterials

<正>We theoretically investigate a switchable spin Hall effect of light(SHEL) in reflection for three specific dispersion relations at an air-anisotropic metamaterial interface.The displacements of horizontal and vertical polarization components vary with the incident angle at different dispersion relations.The transverse displacements can be obtained with the relevant metamaterial whose refractive index can be arbitrarily tailed.The results of the SHEL in the metarnaterial provide a new way for manipulating the transverse displacements of a specific polarization component.     

基于超材料与电阻型频率选择表面的薄型宽频带吸波体的设计

设计了三种类型吸波体, 分别为基于正方形金属贴片(square metal patch, SMP) 结构超材料吸波体、 电阻型频率选择表面(Resistance Frequency Selective Surface, RFSS) 吸波体和SMP与RFSS的复合结构吸波体. 采用FDTD算法分别对这三种类型吸波体的电磁波吸收特性进行数值模拟分析. 模拟得到的结果表明: 在整个2-30 GHz频率范围内, SMP吸波体, 通过几何参数的设计可以实现多频窄带强吸收; RFSS吸波体, 通过方块电阻的设计可以实现高频宽带强吸收, 但强吸收的带宽有限; SMP与RFSS的复合结构吸波体, 在3-25 GHz之间吸收率大于90%以上, 且宽频范围内与自由空间具有较好的阻抗匹配特性.     

基于小型化结构的各向同性负磁导率材料与左手材料

提出了一种双面环各向同性结构单元模型, 理论与实验研究了其微波电磁谐振行为. 结果表明: 在电磁波平行入射和垂直入射条件下, 该结构可在同一频段实现磁谐振, 且在谐振频段磁导率为负; 当电磁波以不同角度斜入射时, 其产生负磁导率频段也保持不变, 即该结构的电磁特性不依赖于入射角度, 双面环结构具有各向同性的特点. 将双面环结构与金属线结构组合, 该组合结构具有负折射率. 另外,双面环结构还具有小型化的优点, 在不增加结构单元几何尺寸的情况下, 通过在结构单元中引入金属化过孔的方法, 增加结构单元的电长度, 可使谐振频率大幅度地向低频方向移动, 使其在低频工作时 仍保持小型化的优点. 在双面环结构中引入金属化过孔技术可使谐振单元的几何尺寸减小50%, 在微波器件、滤波器、天线等领域有广阔的应用前景.     

经典局域共振型水声超材料的吸隔声性能研究*

基于水声超材料吸声机理和多层平行介质平面波理论,建立局域共振型水声超材料结构,通过COMSOL进行建模计算,研究该结构的吸声性能机理,此外为了验证钢背衬的隔声性能,在该水声超材料结构基础上添加一层0.005m厚的钢背衬进行仿真对比。研究结果表明,在频段为200Hz-4000Hz时,水声超材料声学性能较好,吸声性能整体较优,且添加钢背衬的水声超材料隔声性能较优,甚至在某频率点达到15dB的隔声差值;此外通过位移场图进一步揭示水声超材料的吸声机理,发现水声超材料结构的位移场和钢背衬都对吸声性能会产生影响,钢背衬通过影响共振吸收来影响吸声性能,而位移场则通过位移幅度大小影响吸声性能。     

Optical absorption studies of copper phthalocyanine thin films

The optical absorption of thermally evaporated copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) was studied in the UV-VIS-NIR region. The absorption spectra recorded in the UV-VIS region show two well-defined absorption bands of the phthalocyanine molecules, namely, the Soret (B) and the Q-band . The Q-band shows its characteristic splitting (Davydov splitting) of the main absorption peak in the metal phthalocyanine correlates with the relative tendencies of the metal to out-of-plane bonding. Some of the important spectral characteristics such as the molar extinction coefficient (ε_molar), the oscillator strength (f), the electric dipole strength (q²) and absorption half-bandwidth (Δλ) of the principle optical transitions were evaluated. The analysis of the spectral behavior of the absorption coefficient α in the absorption region revealed two indirect allowed transitions with corresponding energies 2.95±0.03 and 1.55±0.02 eV.The spectra of the infrared absorption allow characterization of vibration modes for the powder, as-deposited material and thin films of CuPc annealed at 423 K for two hours. Discussion of the obtained results and their comparison with the previous published data are also given.     

基于双环开口谐振环对的平面周期结构左手超材料

通过理论分析和实验仿真,研究了用双环开口谐振环对（double split-ring resonator pairs,DSRRP）实现平面左手超材料的原理,用等效电路理论解释并描述了其负介电常数和负磁导率的产生机理,并对DSRRP在3维左手超材料设计的应用进行了探索性研究.结果表明,DSRRP可以实现小尺寸的平面左手超材料,此外,DSRRP还可以作为用以实现3维左手超材料负磁导率的3维各向异性磁超材料. 关键词： 双环开口谐振环对 平面左手超材料 3维磁超材料     

Optical absorbers based on strong interference in ultra‐thin films

Optical absorbers find uses in a wide array of applications across the electromagnetic spectrum, including photovoltaic and photochemical cells, photodetectors, optical filters, stealth technology, and thermal light sources. Recent efforts have sought to reduce the footprint of optical absorbers, conventionally based on graded structures or Fabry‐Perot‐type cavities, by using emerging concepts in plasmonics, metamaterials, and metasurfaces. Unfortunately, these new absorber designs require patterning on subwavelength length scales, and are therefore impractical for many large‐scale optical and optoelectronic devices. In this article, we summarize recent progress in the development of optical absorbers based on lossy films with thicknesses significantly smaller than the incident optical wavelength. These structures have a small footprint and require no nanoscale patterning. We outline the theoretical foundation of these absorbers based on “ultra‐thin‐film interference”, including the concepts of loss‐induced phase shifts and critical coupling, and then review several applications, including ultra‐thin color coatings, decorative photovoltaics, high‐efficiency photochemical cells, and infrared scene generators.

     

基于电流变液的可调谐负磁导率材料

通过把负磁导率材料SRR阵列置于高性能电流变液中,研究了电极加载方式、电流变液浓度、电流变液类型以及电场强度等因素对浸入电流变液中的SRR阵列谐振频率的影响. 实验表明,电极加载方式对SRR阵列的磁响应有重要的影响;在容器盒中充满电流变液之后SRR阵列的谐振频率往低频发生了移动,并且可以通过改变外加电场强度来调节,最大的调节范围为130MHz. 数值计算结果表明SRR阵列的有效磁导率在谐振频率附近为负值,并且有效磁导率为负的频率范围也可以通过改变外加电场强度来调节. 关键词： 负磁导率材料 谐振频率 电流变液     

Effective material parameter retrieval for thin sheets: Theory and application to graphene,thin silver films,and single-layer metamaterials

An important tool in the field of metamaterials is the extraction of effective material parameters from simulated or measured scattering parameters of a sample. Here we discuss a retrieval method for thin-film structures that can be approximated by a two-dimensional scattering sheet. We determine the effective sheet conductivity from the scattering parameters and we point out the importance of the magnetic sheet current to avoid an overdetermined inversion problem. Subsequently, we present two applications of the sheet retrieval method. First, we determine the effective sheet conductivity of thin silver films and we compare the resulting conductivities with the sheet conductivity of graphene. Second, we apply the method to a cut-wire metamaterial with an electric dipole resonance. The method is valid for thin-film structures such as two-dimensional metamaterials and frequency-selective surfaces and can be easily generalized for anisotropic or chiral media.     

FeCuCrVSiB多层膜巨磁阻抗效应的研究

研究了结构为 (FM/SiO₂)₃/Ag/(SiO₂/FM)₃ 多层膜的巨磁阻抗(GMI)效应（这里的F M≡FeCuCrVSiB）．多层膜采用射频溅射法沉积在单晶Si衬底上，沉积过程中，沿膜面长方 向施加约72kA/m的磁场，然后在不同的温度下对样品进行了退火处理．结果表明，该多层膜 样品即使在沉积态便具有相当好的软磁性能和GMI效应，在7MHz的频率下，最大纵向和横向 巨磁阻抗比分别为45%和44%．在230℃下经90min退火处理后的样品具有最佳的GMI效应，在85MHz的频率下，最大纵向和横向巨磁阻抗比分别达到251%和277%．与磁性层总厚度相同的FeCuCrVSiB/Ag/FeCuCrVSiB三层膜相比较，在这种多层结构中出现的GMI效应更强． 关键词： 多层膜 巨磁阻抗效应 趋肤效应 有效磁导率     

Studies on the electrical conductivity, optical absorption and x-ray diffraction in bismuth thin film

Spectroscopically pure bismuth is evaporated onto glass substrates at different substrate temperature using a Hind Hivac coating plant. The electrical conductivity of bismuth thin films, prepared at different substrate temperatures is measured and thermal activation energy is evaluated. From the recorded optical absorption spectrum in the ultraviolet and visible regions optical band gapE _g is determined. X-ray diffractograms are recorded and lattice parameters are determined.     

Tunable dual-band infrared chiral metamaterials based on double-layered asymmetric U-shape split ring resonators

We have numerically demonstrated chiral metamaterials based on double-layered asymmetric U-shape split ring resonators. Dual-band circular dichroism is found in the whole frequency regime from 50 to 250 THz by studying the transmission properties. Huge optical activity and the induced negative refractive index are obtained at resonance by calculating the optical activity and ellipticity of the transmitted E-fields. Chirality parameter and effective refractive index are retrieved to illustrate the tunable optical properties of the metamaterials. The underlying mechanisms for the observed circular dichroism are analyzed. These metamaterials would offer flexible electromagnetic applications in the infrared regime.     

基于金属结构单元间耦合的左手材料的设计及实验验证

提出了基于金属结构单元间耦合进行左手材料设计的思想,并建立了理论分析模型.通过合理选择结构单元的结构参数并通过单元之间的耦合,使电谐振等效电路的谐振频率与磁谐振等效电路的谐振频率相等,从而最大限度地实现宽左手频带.加工、制作并测试了基于金属结构单元间耦合的左手材料.实验结果表明,测试样品具有相等的电谐振频率和磁谐振频率,其左手频带的带宽为24 GHz.实验结果与理论分析一致,验证了基于金属结构单元间耦合的左手材料设计思想. 关键词： 左手材料 单元间耦合 等谐振频率 宽频带     

Features of light absorption in chiral photonic crystals with a strong local anisotropy

The interaction of light with a layer of a chiral photonic crystal is considered. Features of the Borrmann effect at a strong anisotropy are studied. The natural polarizations are considered, and it is shown that in the limit δ << 1 (δ = (?₁ ? ?₂)/(?₁ + ?₂), where ?₁ and ?₂ are the principal values of the dielectric permittivity tensor in the plane perpendicular to the medium axis) these polarizations are orthogonal and quasi-circular, while in the limit δ >> 1 they are orthogonal but linearly polarized. It is established that in the general case the chiral photonic crystals show a complete selectivity not to the circular polarizations (as at δ << 1), but to the natural polarizations.     

Stored light in a plasmonic nanocavity based on extremely-small-energy-velocity modes

We propose a novel scheme of the plasmonic cavity that is based on the insulator–metal–insulator (IMI) waveguide of finite length. Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) guided by the IMI structure can exhibit extremely small energy velocity if the metal film is thin enough. In that case, the losses are determined mainly by the intrinsic properties of the metal rather than the geometry of the cavity. Accordingly, we should care only about the purity of the metal and need not accurately control the length of the cavity that simplifies the fabrication process. All dimensions of the cavity can be less than the wavelength of light, therefore it is a really nanoscale device. In this paper, we characterize the cavity analytically and demonstrate the stored light using our finite difference time domain (FDTD) code.