超导薄膜的磁场穿透深度的测量

我们设计和研究了用于测量超导薄膜穿透深度的双线圈互感装置,用数值模拟的方法对线圈及其位形进行了优化．对磁控溅射制备的不同厚度的铌膜在不同温度下的测量结果表明,我们的设计大大提高了实验的准确性和稳定性,并得到了理论预期的随膜厚和温度的变化关系     

超导薄膜磁场穿透深度的精确测量

磁场穿透深度λ是超导体的一个基本参数,目前,一般测试穿透深度的实验只能给出其变化量Δλ＝λ（Ｔ）－λ（０）,而不能得到λ的绝对值．并且由于测量精度的限制,用给定的理论模型拟合实验结果而得到的λ也有很大的不确定性．本文对此进行了详细的分析,并用双线圈互感法研究了超导薄膜穿透深度的精确测量,并给出了磁控溅射Ｎｂ膜的测量结果．我们的研究表明,这一方法能较为准确地给出λ的绝对值,从而避免了以往的测量及拟合所导致的不确定性．基于ＢＣＳ理论并考虑样品有限的电子平均自由程后,理论计算结果与我们的测量结果吻合较好     

超导薄膜磁场穿透深度的双线圈互感测量

磁场穿透深度是联系超导体宏观电动力学与微观机制的重要物理量,其精确测量对于研究超导机理以及探索超导应用具有重要意义.在众多的磁场穿透深度测量方法中,双线圈互感法具有测量精度高、技术相对成熟、对样品没有破坏等优点,可被用于细致地研究超导薄膜的磁场穿透深度对温度、掺杂、外延应力等参量的依赖关系.本文首先简要介绍了双线圈互感法的基本原理,指出该方法的测量精度主要受系统几何参数及薄膜边缘漏磁的影响;之后对自主设计搭建的透射型双线圈互感装置进行了系统的校验,并详细说明了其测量精度:对于厚度为100 nm,穿透深度为150 nm的典型薄膜样品,穿透深度绝对值的测量误差小于10%;最后通过测量NbN超导薄膜的磁场穿透深度进一步检验了装置的精度,分析表明穿透深度的测量值与文献报道结果符合.     

层状超导体中单个磁通线的磁场分布

从Ｌａｗｒｅｎｃｅ－Ｄｏｎｉａｃｈ方程出发，计算了层状超导体在外加垂直磁场下单个磁通线的磁场分布及下临界场，结果表明，在此条件下的结果相对于均匀情形的偏离不大。     

横向磁场中超导体感应电动势的计算

本文利用超导经典电磁理论，导出了超导体在横向磁场中切割磁感应线时感应电动势的计算公式，结果表明，与计算通常导体感应电动势的公式相同．     

超导磁场穿透深度的拟合简化计算

磁场穿透深度λ与温度T的变化关系一直是超导领域广泛关注的焦点之一,根据BCS理论得到的穿透深度公式虽然与实验符合得相当好,但数学形式比较复杂.本文以BCS理论得出的λ与T的关系曲线为基准,通过计算机拟合的方法,将二流体模型和London极限得出的两条曲线拟合为一条新的曲线,使其数学形式相对简单,同时物理内涵又比较清晰,而且新的曲线与根据BCS理论得到的曲线基本吻合,达到了合理简化λ(T)计算的目的.     

多晶YBCO超导体的磁滞与磁场和温度的关系

测量了 YBCO 样品在 LN_2温区及低中场的磁化曲线,得到了磁滞量△M=M^+—M^-与外场 Ba 及温度的关系.根据电磁理论的普遍关系及临界态方程,拟合了钉扎力 F_p 与磁场、温度的关系 F_p(B,T).发现存在两种类型的钉扎力:一类钉扎力很弱,在低场时起主要作用,等效于弱连接的贡献;另一类在中场和高场时起主要作用,反映了晶粒内部的钉扎性质.     

磁场下Tl2Ba2Ca2Cu3Ox单相超导体交流磁化率的研究

测量了 Tl_2Ba_2Ca_2Cu_3O_z 单相超导体在不同外磁场及不同测量频率下的交流磁化率实部和虚部随温度的变化关系,发现实部曲线的起始转变温度 T_(onset)和虚部曲线的峰值温度 T_m,在一定测量频率下都与外磁场的2/3次方成线性关系,在一定外磁场下 T_(onset)与测量频率的对数成线性关系.并且我们认为 T_(onset)和 T_m 都不是一般意义的 T_c,而是受磁通格子熔化影响较大的特殊温度点,所以对 T_(onset)及 T_m 的研究可以反映超导体的磁通格子熔化特性,很值得进一步的研究.     

Lifshitz时空s波超导模型的关联长度和穿透深度

在D=d+2维各向异性的Lifshitz黑洞时空背景中, 在探子极限下, 用解析方法研究了临界温度附近引力系统的微扰, 计算出超导的关联长度ξα(1/T_c)(1-(T/T_c)^-1/2, 这与平均场论的结果一致. 进一步, 考虑在该系统中加一个均匀外磁场, 计算出穿透深度λα(T_c-T)^-1/2, 该结果与Ginzburg-Landau理论相符.     

非中心对称超导序参量研究

非中心对称超导体是近年发现的一类新型超导材料. 在这类材料中, 非中心对称的晶体势场产生一个有效的反对称自旋-轨道耦合(ASOC)并导致自旋简并的能级发生分裂, 从而在超导配对态中允许自旋单态和自旋三重态混合. 这一性质有别于先前研究的大部分超导体, 需要从概念上突破BCS理论框架. 此外, 理论研究还表明非中心对称超导可能还是一类潜在的拓扑超导材料. 这些独特的物理性质已激发了广泛的研究兴趣, 并且越来越受到关注.#br#超导序参量的对称性是认识和理解超导形成机理的一个重要物理量. 本文将介绍基于隧道二极管的伦敦穿透深度测量技术, 并简要综述非中心对称超导的研究现状以及穿透深度测量在非中心对称超导序参量研究中的应用. 通过对比研究具有不同反对称自旋-轨道耦合强度的非中心对称超导材料, 我们发现其混合超导配对态与反对称自旋-轨道耦合强度缺乏简单的对应关系, 但与能带劈裂(E_ASOC)相对于超导转变温度(T_c)的比值(E_r=E_ASOC/T_c)紧密相关.     

Magnetism and disorder effects on muon spin rotation measurements of the magnetic penetration depth in iron-arsenic superconductors

It is shown that attempts to accurately deduce the magnetic penetration depth λ of overdoped BaFe(1.82)Co(0.18)As? single crystals by transverse-field muon spin rotation (TF μSR) are thwarted by field-induced magnetic order and strong vortex-lattice disorder. We explain how substantial deviations from the magnetic field distribution of a nearly perfect vortex lattice by one or both of these factors is also significant for other iron-arsenic superconductors, and this introduces considerable uncertainty in the values of λ obtained by TF μSR.     

Investigation of molecular penetration depth variation with SMBI fluxes

We study the molecular penetration depth variation with the SMBI fluxes.The molecular transport process and the penetration depth during SMBI with various injection velocities and densities are simulated and compared.It is found that the penetration depth of molecules strongly depends on the radial convective transport of SMBI and it increases with the increase of the injection velocity.The penetration depth does not vary much once the SMBI injection density is larger than a critical value due to the dramatic increase of the dissociation rate on the fueling path.An effective way to improve the SMBI penetration depth has been predicted,which is SMBI with a large radial injection velocity and a lower molecule injection density than the critical density.     

Methods of determining the magnetic penetration depth of high-κ superconductors fromμ + SR measurementsSR measurements

This paper explores several different methods of determining the magnetic penetration depth of high-κ superconductors from transverse field muon spin rotation (TFμ ⁺ SR) measurements. The methods include fitting the theoretical magnetic field distribution directly to the distribution of muon precession frequencies and calculating the penetration depth from the second or third moments of the field distribution. These three methods are discussed critically in the light of experimental noise and the effect of the superconductor's flux line lattice being distorted.     

Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of vortices in high temperature superconductors

The distinct distribution of local magnetic fields due to superconducting vortices can be detected with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and used to investigate vortices and related physical properties of extreme type II superconductivity. This review summarizes work on high temperature superconductors (HTS) including cuprates and pnictide materials. Recent experimental results are presented which reveal the nature of vortex matter and novel electronic states. For example, the NMR spectrum has been found to provide a sharp indication of the vortex melting transition. In the vortex solid a frequency dependent spin–lattice relaxation has been reported in cuprates, including YBa₂Cu₃O_7-x, Bi₂SrCa₂Cu₂O_8+δ, and Tl₂Ba₂CuO_6+δ. These results have initiated a new spectroscopy via Doppler shifted nodal quasiparticles for the investigation of vortices. At very high magnetic fields this approach is a promising method for the study of vortex core excitations. These measurements have been used to quantify an induced spin density wave near the vortex cores in Bi₂SrCa₂Cu₂O_8+δ. Although the cuprates have a different superconducting order parameter than the iron arsenide superconductors there are, nonetheless, some striking similarities between them regarding vortex dynamics and frequency dependent relaxation.     

Evidence for surface Andreev bound states in cuprate superconductors from penetration depth measurements

Tunneling and theoretical studies have suggested that Andreev bound states form at certain surfaces of unconventional superconductors. Through studies of the temperature and field dependence of the in-plane magnetic penetration depth lambda(ab) at low temperature, we have found strong evidence for the presence of these states in clean single crystal YBCO and BSCCO. Crystals cut to expose (110) surfaces show a strong upturn in lambda(ab) at around 7 K, when the field is oriented along the c axis. In YBCO this upturn is completely suppressed by a field of approximately 0.1 T.