金属胶束催化对硝基苯酚吡啶甲酸酯水解的动力学研究

合成了两种大环过渡金属配合物NiR和CuR(R表示高氯酸-5,7,7,12,14,14-六甲基-1,4,8,11-四氮杂环十四烷),将NiR和CuR分别与表面活性剂正月桂酸肌氨酸组成金属胶束,并以其为模拟水解金属酶用于催化对硝基苯酚吡啶甲酸酯(PNPP)水解.特征光谱分析表明,在催化PNPP水解过程中形成了由Ni(Ⅱ)或Cu(Ⅱ)配合物与PNPP组成的中间物种,并由此提出了催化PNPP水解的机理,建立了用于计算动力学常数的动力学模型.     

La－Th－O系催化剂的结构与甲烷氧化偶联催化性能的关系

研究了Ｌａ－Ｔｈ－Ｏ二元氧化物的组成、结构及其对甲烷氧化偶联反应催化性能的影响；用ＸＲＤ、ＩＲ、ＸＰＳ、ＳＥＭ等方法对催化剂进行表征。Ｌａ－Ｔｈ－Ｏ系列催化剂随Ｌａ／Ｔｈ原子比的变化，可生成Ｌａ＿ｘＴｈ＿（１－ｘ）Ｏ＿（２－δ）固溶体。具有萤石结构的Ｌａ＿ｘＴｈ＿（１－ｘ）Ｏ＿（２－δ）是甲烷氢化偶联反应的主要活性相。     

La（III）与HSA或BSA的结合平衡研究

用平衡透析法详细研究了pH=6.3条件十La(III)与HSA或BSA的结合平衡,Scatchard图分析表明,La(III)在HSA中有2个强结合部位和8个弱结合部位,在BSA中有2个强结合部位和6个弱结合部位,从La(III)与Cu(II),Zn(II)和Cd(II)等的竞争结合HSA或BSA的结果推测,La(III)在HSA或BSA中的一个强结合部位的配位原子可能全部是氧原子,通过非线性最小二乘法拟合Bjerum方程,首次报道了La(III)-HSA和La(III)-BSA体系的逐级稳定常数值,其K1的数量极为10^4,Hill系数及自由能偶合分析表明La(II)与HSA或BSA的结合产生一定的负协同效应。     

分子内反应与分子内催化（Ⅳ）──羟基诱导效应对分子内苯并咪唑基一般碱催化3－（2＇－苯并咪唑基）－3－羟基丙酸乙酯水解的影响

在３－（２＇－苯并咪唑基）－３－羟基丙酸乙酯水解过程中，苯并咪唑基以分子内一般碱催化方式参与催化酯的水解反应。分子内羟基的存在，虽然没有改变苯并咪唑基的催化方式，但对其催化活性具有明显的影响．从分子内羟基的诱导效应以及氢键的形成对实验结果进行了讨论。     

稀释剂对二（2－乙基己基）磷酸萃取镧（Ⅲ）的影响

二（２－乙基己基）磷酸从硝酸介质中对Ｌａ（Ⅲ）的萃取对不同稀释剂其平衡常数为：正己烷＞环己烷＞四氯化碳＞甲苯＞氯仿＞甲异丁酮。萃取平衡常数与稀释剂的极性参数Ｓ间呈线性关系     

三元体系La（NO_3）_3－Gly－H_2O的研究

测定了三元体系Ｌａ（ＮＯ＿３）＿３－Ｇｌｙ－Ｈ＿２Ｏ在２５℃时的溶度和饱和溶液的折光指数：报道了三元体系中生成的三元配合物：Ｌａ（ＮＯ＿３）＿３－Ｇｌｙ－Ｈ＿２Ｏｂ和Ｌａ（Ｇｌｙ）４（Ｏ３）３，Ｈ２Ｏ用熔点、红外光谱及热分析测定了名配合物的一些物理化学性质。     

CaO／La2O3催化剂电导性质与催化性质的研究

碱土金属氧化物及稀土金属氧化物对甲烷氧化偶联(OCM)均有较好的催化活性,前者具有较强的碱性,后者具有较好的稳定性,而且是产生甲基自由基的活性材料。Becker在较大范围内调变了CaO-La_2O_3的组成,研究了其反应活性及表面酸碱性的关系。结果表明,混合氧化物生成C_2烃的选择性比La_2O_3纯相氧化物的高,据此推测在La_2o_3和CaO间存在一种相互作用,有利于提高C_2烃的选择性。为进一步研究这种二元催化剂的相互作用,我们在较小范围内对La_2o_3进行了调变,通过对其电导、结构及催化性质的研究发现,少量CaO掺杂使C_2烃选择性提高的原因在于有部分Ca~(2+)进入了La_2O_3晶格,产生了O~-离子物种。 1 实验部分 1.1 催化剂合成 采用硝酸盐混合溶解、673K热分解、1373K高温焙烧的方法制备CaO/La_2O_3(记为XLEC)催化剂。根据所含CaO的摩尔百分数0、1、3、5、7、100,分别将其标记为XLEC0、XLEC1、XLEC3、XLEC5、XLEC7、XLECaO。 1.2 活性表征 反应在常压固定床石英反应器内完成,CH_4:O_2=4:1(总流速100mL/min),催化剂40～60目,用量0.2g。产物用2305型氢火焰检测器分析。 1.3 仪器及测试条件 XRD谱及晶胞参数测定在DMAX—Ⅱ型衍射仪上完成,使用CuKα射线辐射。Raman光谱应用SPEX-1403双光栅拉曼光谱仪,光源为A     

胶束催化对硝基苯酚乙酸酯碱性水解的动力学研究

碱性溶液中羧酸酯的催化水解反应有些报道[1~4],OH-对乙酸酯的亲核进攻,形成了一个阴离子四面体中间物,该四面体中间物的C为sp3杂化,反应裂解成为CH3COO-和对硝基苯酚。然而,目前对胶束溶液中对硝基苯酚乙酸酯的碱性水解方面的系统研究还未见报到,因此,本文在30℃、1·62×10-3     

咪唑衍生物的过渡金属配合物催化对硝基苯酚吡啶甲酸酯水解动力学研究

25 0±0 01℃时,研究了带有咪唑基团的配体与二价过渡金属离子生成的配合物在三种不同的表面活性剂(CTAB,Brij35和LSS)中催化对硝基苯酚吡啶甲酸酯(PNPP)水解的动力学。运用金属胶束催化的三元复合物动力学模型对所得的实验结果进行定量处理,得到了相关的动力学和热力学参数。结果表明:pH7 00时,在任何一种配合物与不同的表面活性剂生成的金属胶束溶液中,PNPP的水解速率都有较大的增加,尤其是铜(Ⅱ)配合物与两性离子表面活性剂(LSS)以及非离子表面活性剂生成的金属胶束对PNPP的水解反应表现出较高的催化活性,而在阳离子表面活性剂中,配合物催化PNPP水解反应的效率却并不高,这可能归因于阳离子表面活性剂带正电的极性头与金属离子之间的静电相斥作用;在所研究的三种配合物中,尽管Cu(Ⅱ)配合物具有最低的pKa值,但是在弱碱性条件下,Zn(Ⅱ)配合物却表现出更高的催化活性,这可能与催化剂在胶束溶液中的离子化状态以及不同配合物中活性物种的不同亲核能力有关。     

Hydrolysis of BNPP Catalyzed by Metallomicelles Made of Pr(III) Complexes

A macrocyclic ligand was synthesized and characterized. The kinetics of hydrolysis of bis(p-nitrophenyl)phosphate (BNPP) in the catalytic system containing macrocyclic ligand and praseodymium(III) was investigated. The analysis of specific absorption spectrums of the hydrolytic reaction systems indicated that key intermediates made up of BNPP and praseodymium(III) complexes are formed in the reaction process of BNPP catalytic hydrolysis. In this, the mechanism of BNPP catalytic hydrolysis proposed is based on the analytic result of specific absorption spectrum, and the corresponding kinetic constants are calculated. The results showed that the praseodymium(III) complexes as hydrolase mimics exhibit good catalytic activity and similar catalytic character to natural enzyme.     

Effective Homogeneous Hydrolysis of Phosphodiester and DNA Cleavage by Chitosan‐copper Complex

We aimed to explore the role of chitosan‐based metal complexes in catalyzing the hydrolysis of phosphodiesters. To this end, we performed detailed studies on the kinetics of the chitosan copper complex (CSCu)‐catalyzed hydrolysis of bis(4‐nitrophenol) phosphate (BNPP) in Tris‐H⁺ buffer and in an organic solvent. A significant enhancement in the rate of reaction (up to 3×10⁵‐fold acceleration) was observed at pH 8.0 (25°C). The pH dependence of BNPP hydrolysis at pH 5.5–9.5 and the UV spectra revealed that the copper‐bounded water molecules underwent deprotonation to form the active catalytic species CSCu‐OH. The kinetic behavior of BNPP catalytic hydrolysis in the Tris‐H⁺ buffer was consistent with that predicted by the Michaelis‐Menten kinetics model. An intramolecular nucleophilic attack by the copper‐bonded hydroxide group on the same activated phosphodiester substrate was proposed as the catalytic mechanism for CSCu‐catalyzed reaction system. The results of DNA binding and cleavage experiments indicated electrostatic binding mode of CSCu to DNA as well as the strong capability of CSCu to disturb the supercoiled strand of DNA and cleave it to nicked circular form.     

铬(III)离子催化铈(IV)离子氧化四氢糠醇的反应动力学及机理

在酸性介质中用氧化还原滴定法研究了铈(IV)离子在铬(III)离子催化作用下,于25～40℃区间氧化四氢糠醇的反应动力学.结果表明反应对铈(IV)和四氢糠醇均为一级.准一级速率常数kobs随催化剂[Cr(III)]增加而增大,亦随[H+]增加而增大,而随[HSO-4]增加而减小.在氮气保护下,反应不能引发丙烯酰胺聚合,说明在反应中没有自由基产生.提出了催化剂、底物和氧化剂间生成双核加合物的反应机理.通过kobs与HSO-4的依赖关系,并结合Ce(IV)在溶液中的平衡,找到了本反应体系的动力学活性物种是Ce(SO4)2.还计算出一些速率常数及相应的活化参数.     

铬(III)离子催化铈(IV)离子氧化四氢糠醇的反应动力学及机理

在酸性介质中用氧化还原滴定法研究了铈(IV)离子在铬(III)离子催化作用下, 于25～40 ℃区间氧化四氢糠醇的反应动力学. 结果表明反应对铈(IV)和四氢糠醇均为一级. 准一级速率常数k_obs随催化剂[Cr(III)]增加而增大, 亦随[H^＋]增加而增大, 而随增加而减小. 在氮气保护下, 反应不能引发丙烯酰胺聚合, 说明在反应中没有自由基产生. 提出了催化剂、底物和氧化剂间生成双核加合物的反应机理. 通过k_obs与的依赖关系, 并结合Ce(IV)在溶液中的平衡, 找到了本反应体系的动力学活性物种是Ce(SO₄)₂. 还计算出一些速率常数及相应的活化参数.     

Adsorption Studies of Radionuclides and Toxic Metal Ions on a Modified Mesoporous Lanthanum(III) Silicate

A new adsorbent, modified mesoporous lanthanum(III) silicate, has been prepared with various molar ratios of Si/La (10, 20, 40, 80) and cethyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as structure directing agent. XRD, nitrogen sorption, SEM, IR, thermogravimetry and sorption of radionuclides and toxic metal ions have been studied. The results show that adsorption amount of some element such as Pb(II) and Th(IV) has been increased significantly by incorporation of lanthanum ions in the framework of adsorbent. Separation of Co(II)‐Th(IV), Co(II)‐U(VI) and Mo(VI)‐U(VI) has been developed on columns of this adsorbent.     

Kinetic Study of the Hydrolysis of BNPP by the Cerium(III) Complex

5,5,7,12,12,14-Hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (L) was synthesized and characterized. The kinetics of hydrolysis of bis(p-nitrophenyl)phosphate (BNPP) in the catalytic system containing macrocyclic ligand and cerium(III) was investigated. This catalytic system show high catalytic activity and better reproducibility and stability than other similar systems in the range of pH of around 5.6–7.2. The stoichiometry and spectral analysis showed that the real active species is the macrocyclic complex of cerium(III). Based on the analytical results of the specific absorption spectra, an intramolecular nucleophilic substitution mechanism for the catalytic hydrolysis of BNPP is proposed, a correlative kinetic mathematical model is established, and the corresponding thermodynamic and kinetic constants are calculated.     

Lanthanum(III) chloride complexes with heterocyclic Schiff bases

Condensation of 2-amino-3-carboxyethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene with carbonyl compounds such as isatin, o-hydroxyacetophenone or benzoin in 1:1 ratio in ethanol medium yielded three distinctly different heterocyclic Schiff bases viz. 2-(N-indole-2-one)amino-3-carboxyethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene (ISAT), 2-(N-o-hydroxyacetophenone)amino- 3-carboxyethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[b]thiophene (HAAT) or 2-(N-benzoin)amino-3-carboxyethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene (HBAT) respectively. These ligands formed well defined complexes with lanthanum(III) chloride under suitable conditions. The ligands and the complexes have been characterized on the basis of elemental analyses, molar conductance measurements, UV-visible, IR and proton NMR spectral studies. Kinetics and mechanism of the thermal decomposition of the ligands and the metal complexes have been studied using non-isothermal thermogravimetry. Kinetic parameters were calculated for each step of the decomposition reactions using Coats-Redfern equation. The rate controlling process for all the ligands and complexes is random nucleation with the formation of one nucleus on each particle (Mampel equation). Relative thermal stabilities of the ligands and the metal complexes have been compared.     

Mild and Efficient Chemoselective Synthesis of Acetals and Geminal Diacetates (Acylals) from Aldehydes using Lanthanum(III) Nitrate Hexahydrate

A mild and efficient chemoselective method has been developed for the preparation of acetals and gem‐diacetates in good to excellent yields through a reaction of aldehydes with ethlyleneglycol or acetic anhydride using catalytic amounts of lanthanum(III) nitrate hexahydrate as a catalyst under solvent‐free conditions.