Synthesis of new condensed heterocyclic systems

Two new diamines — [1,3-bis(5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-4,6-diamino]benzene and [1,3-di-(2-benzimldazolyl)-4,6-diamino]benzene — were synthesized from 4,6-dinitroisophthalic acid. Newheterocyclic systems — 3,5,9,11-tetraphenyl[benzo[1,2-a; 4,5-a]bis(1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-c]pyrimidine)] and 2,16-diphenyl[benzo[1,2-a;4,5-a']bis(pyrimido[1,6-a]benzimidazole)]—were obtained by reaction of the diamines with benzoyl chloride and subsequent cyclization.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 9, pp. 1274–1277, September, 1977.     

Synthesis of new condensed nitrogen heterocyclic systems

A cotarnine alkaloid-based synthesis was developed for new heptacyclic condensed diisoquinolines via the double intramolecular pseudosalt bis[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g;4′,5′-g′][1,3,4]oxadiazolo[2,3-a;5,4-a′]diisoquinoline 6. Substitution of the central O atom in 6 by C, S, or N nucleophiles afforded the first representatives of the new ring systems bis[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g:4,5-g′]pyrazolo[3,2-a:5,1-a′]diisoquinoline (7a-d), bis[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g:4,5-g′][1,3,4]thiadiazolo[2,3-a:5,4-a′]diisoquinoline (8), and bis[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g:4,5-g′][1,2,4]triazolo[3,2-a:5,1-a′]diisoquinoline (9a-d) under simple reaction conditions.     

A new approach to the synthesis of indole-and benzofuran-containing tetracyclic condensed systems

A new method is described for the synthesis of the 1H-benzo[b]furoindole heterocyclic systems from the corresponding isomeric amino acids with amino groups at positions 2 and 3. By this method it is possible to obtain these tetracyclic systems not only in the form of one isomer but also to convert them from one to the other. From the tetracyclic systems with angular structure it is possible to obtain the corresponding linear isomers. On the other hand, from the isomer with the linear structure it is possible to change to the isomer with angular fusion of the pyrrole ring. The classical Fischer reaction served as model for such transformations. __________ Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1463–1471, October, 2007.     

Synthesis of new condensed analogs of isoindolinium salts

Quaternary ammonium salts that contain a 3-(-naphthyl)propargyl group in addition to a group of the propargyl type undergo intramolecular cyclization of the diene-synthesis type under base-catalysis conditions to give condensed isoindolinium analogs.Communication 209 from the series Research on amines and ammonium compounds. See [1] for Communication 208.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 759–762, June, 1991.     

N-acetylindoxyl in the synthesis of new condensed heterocycles

Derivatives of a new heterocyclic system thieno[2,35,6]pyrimido[3,4-a]indole, were obtained by the reaction of substituted N,O-diacetylindoxyls with excess N-(2-methyl-3-ethoxycarbonyl-4-thienyl)hydrazine. The reaction of N-acetylindoxyl and 4-hydrazinouracil forms 12-amino-1,3-dioxo-2,4,6-trimethylpyrimido[5,45,6]pyrimido[3,4-a]indole.Deceased.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, 1343–1345, October, 1987.     

Synthesis of new condensed and cyclized coumarin derivatives

Condensation of 4-chloro-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carbonitrile with selected heteroarylamines in acetonitrile containing a catalytic amount of triethylamine, followed by intramolecular cyclization, gave the new coumarin derivatives with yields ranging from 43 % to 78 %. The novel compounds were subjected to acid hydrolysis giving the corresponding oxo derivatives in 66–70 % yield. The structural assignments of the synthesized compounds were based on elemental, IR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR analyses.     

Frequency-domain photopyroelectric spectroscopy of condensed phases (PPES): A new,simple and powerful spectroscopic technique

A new, powerful, and experimentally very convenient spectroscopic technique is described. The technique uses pyroelectric polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) thin film detectors in contact with solid or liquid samples. The instrumental and spectral characteristics of photopyroelectric spectroscopy (PPES) are presented, and its advantages over conventional photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) are discussed.     

A new system,tutors, for computer-aided molecular design

Computer-aided molecular design by TUTORS (TUTORial System) which is under development, is described. The system is based on two types of process, information reduction and information integration. TUTORS consists of two major subsystems, TUTORS-DB and TUTORS-SG, corresponding to these functions. TUTORS-DB involves management of chemical compound data, molecular modeling and data analysis for structure/activity problems. TUTORS-SG involves generation of candidate structures with the required activity by using the knowledge obtained from TUTORS-DB. The major functions of each subsystem and the approach for practical structure design are discussed.     

Chemical preparations and crystal data for eight new condensed phosphates

Chemical preparations and main crystallographic data are reported for eight new condensed phosphates: four new cyclotriphosphates, with a general formula MnM₂^II(P₃O₉)₂ · nH₂O, MnBa₂(P₃O₉)₂ · 6H₂O, MnCa₂(P₃O₉)₂ · 10H₂O, MnCa₂(P₃O₉)₂, MnSr₂(P₃O₉)₂ · 4H₂O and four other cyclotriphosphates Mn(NH₄)₄(P₃O₉)₂ · 6H₂O, CdK₄(P₃O₉)₂, MnK₄(P₃O₉)₂ and NiRb₄(P₃O₉)₂. Seven of them belong to previously investigated structure types.     

Cycloaddition of homophthalic anhydride: A new and simple route to linearly condensed phenolic compoumds

Diels-Alder reaction of homophthalic anhydride ($\text{1}$) with some dienophiles gave a considerable yield of linearly condensed phenolic compounds, directly.     

Electrochemical crystal growth in the cesium molybdate-molybdenum trioxide system

A systematic investigation of crystal growth in the cesium molybdate/molybdenum trioxide system is described. A previously unknown blue cesium molybdenum bronze phase has been prepared as well as the known red bronze, Cs_0.33MoO₃, and high-quality crystals of the Magneli-phase compound, γ-Mo₄O₁₁. This new blue bronze, with empirical formula, Cs_0.19MoO_2.85, is monoclinic with cell constants, a = 19.198(4) Å, b = 5.519(2) Å, c = 12.213(2) Å, and β = 119.44(2)°. Measurements of the susceptibility and of the resistivity vs temperature are reported. As is the case for other alkali molybdenum bronzes, the product formed is determined by the molar ratio of alkali molybdate to molybdenum trioxide and the melt temperature.     

A new label dosimetry system

A new label dosimeter which changes its color by large radiation doses has been developed. The green color of the unirradiated dosimeter gradually turns to brown then to red at high doses. The label dosimeter was prepared with a peal-off paper backing, allowing it to stick by self-adhesion to a product box. Three types of dosimeters having different sensitivities to radiation doses were prepared. Correlations were established between absorbed doses and color scale or the green/red axis of the irradiated dosimeters, using a micro color unit equipped with a data station. The data were analyzed to determine the reproducibility of the reflectance measured from the label dosimeters exposed to different doses of γ radiation. These dosimeters showed great stability on extended storage before and after irradiation.Detailed measurements of absorbed dose extremes (D_min and D_max) in product boxes, processed in the Egypt Mega Gamma I radiation processing facility, were obtained using these dosimeters. These dosimeters are currently available in large quantities and are inexpensive, which makes them suitable for routine high-dose applications in radiation processing of materials.     

Structural study of a new hexagonal form of tungsten trioxide

A new form of tungsten trioxide WO₃ has been obtained by dehydration of $\text{WO}{}_3\text{·}\text{1}\text{3}\text{H}{}_2\text{O}$ hydrate. The structural study was carried out from X-ray powder diffraction and selected area electron diffraction data. The crystallographic characteristics are: the hexagonal system; a = 7.298(2) Å, c = 7.798(3) Å; Z = 6. This hexagonal WO₃ is built up of slightly distorted (WO₆) octahedra sharing their corners arranged in six-membered rings in layers normal to the hexagonal axis; stacking of such layers leads to formation of large hexagonal tunnels. Some confirmations of this structure were made by high-resolution electron microscopy. Powder X-ray diffraction allowed us to determine an average structure. Absence of suitable single crystals has not permitted us to perform a complete structural determination. Although the existence of such a hexagonal structure for pure WO₃ had been considered as likely, it had not been hitherto observed.     

Silver niobium trioxide,AgNbO3

The present structure determination of silver niobium trioxide at 291 K was performed on a twinned single crystal with a predominant presence [about 93 (1)%] of one twin domain. The sample contained traces of V (about 1 atomic %). This study confirms that the room‐temperature phase of AgNbO₃ is isostructural with the room‐temperature phase of NaNbO₃, i.e. it is a tilted perovskite. Structural deviation in AgNbO₃ from centrosymmetry was not detected in this study and its structure was refined in Pbcm, though a previous study indicated ferroelectricity below 350 K, in contrast with NaNbO₃.     

Synthesis of condensed pyridones by using a new ring switching reaction

A new ring‐switching reaction of enaminoesters behaving as bisnucleophiles towards other enaminoesters behaving as biselectrophiles is described. By starting from pyroglutamic derivatives, this reaction provided easy access to methyl 5‐oxo‐1,2,3,5‐tetrahydro‐3‐indolizinecarboxylates substituted by an aminoester side chain in position 6.