磁流变液屈服应力的管道流测试方法研究

设计加工了一套磁流变液测试设备，并对由不同组分的铁粉／硅油组成的磁流变液进行了一系列的实验测试，结果表明：用钴纳米粒子修饰铁粉可以提高此种磁流变液的屈服应力，而用醋酸处理铁粉会严重减弱其屈服应力。     

内通道式磁流变阻尼器研究

设计制作了一种新型的内通道式磁流变液阻尼器,该阻尼器的流场通道位于线圈内部,磁流变效应发生在两层固定的平板区域之间,并能保持磁流变液的流向与磁感应方向垂直,即保证磁流变液的大面积成链,产生大的可控阻尼力,又具备失效安全性;根据宾汉模型,建立了阻尼器的准静态力学模型;最后对研制的阻尼器进行动力学实验研究,并与理论结果进行比较,二者吻合较好。     

磁场下2种羰基铁磁流变液的摩擦磨损特性

本文采用改进后的四球摩擦磨损试验机,考察了羰基铁磁流变液在外加磁场条件下的摩擦磨损行为,并比较了有场和无场条件下磁流变液的摩擦系数变化情况。结果表明：外加磁场能使磁流变液的摩擦系数显著增大,且磁流变液的摩擦系数随磁场强度的增加呈现出增大的趋势;钢球磨斑形貌由圆形或椭圆形变为近似矩形,磨痕变浅;无场条件下,系统的摩擦磨损形式是钢球、磁性颗粒、钢球之间的三体磨损;外加磁场时,磁流变液的摩擦磨损形式发生改变。     

角膜曲率的全场测量技术

本文采用自行设计的角膜测试系统来研究角膜形状。通过设计锥形映射模板，视频系统直接摄取眼球角膜上模板的像。采用高精度的边缘提取技术和迭代算法，可以得到高精度的测试结果，文章结尾对标准钢球进行了全场测量，标定结果误差在０．１ｍｍ以内。     

履带车辆磁流变减振器响应时间研究

磁流变减振器是应用磁流变液在强磁场下的快速可逆变特性而制造的一种新型振动控制装置,是履带车辆主动悬挂系统的核心部分。本文从理论上分析磁流变减振器响应时间的组成,在磁流变液的Bingham模型和流体力学的基础上,分析了流体流变响应时间的影响因素,提出了近似算法,并在磁流变减振器的实验基础上,作出阻尼力与位移的曲线图,求出阻尼力突变并达到稳定的响应时间。     

磁流变液的纤维束模型和实验

本文提出了磁流变液的“纤维束”模型。据此,在饱和磁化区,磁流变液与磁铁极面间的正压力应该随外场线性增大,这种线性关系与实测结果相符合。     

端部控制磁流变液阻尼器实验研究

以提高磁流变液阻尼器控制性能为目的,分析了活塞式磁流变液阻尼器结构特点,并提出了端部阻尼器结构;通过实验研究明确了磁流变液流经圆形截面和矩形截面的力学特性,总结了磁流变液流经不同类型和尺寸的小孔的粘性阻尼力特性和磁场作用时的磁场效应,并得出了提高端部阻尼器控制性能的方法和措施。设计出控制性能较好的矩形截面孔的端部控制磁流变液阻尼器。给出阻尼器最大阻尼力和可控比与线圈磁场强度关系。     

用LDV系统测量转盘萃取塔内流场

本文应用激光多普勒测速仪对二种转盘萃取塔模型进行切向速度、轴向速度和湍流度测量。实验结果表明，在ＲＤＣ是切向速度比较大，因而有较大的搅拌效果，它的内部流场比较均匀稳定，有利于传质，所以ＲＤＣ是广泛应用于化学工业中的一种液－液萃取设备。     

磁流变液体的流变力学特性试验和建模

从唯象角度讨论磁流变液体的流变力学特性。基于对磁流变液体的试验 ,讨论了磁感强度、温度和剪切应变速率等对磁流变液剪切应力的影响 ;建立了描述磁流变液剪切应力的 Bingham模型、广义 Bingham模型和非线性模型。     

球－盘微动摩擦件磨损体积的测量与计算

一般地说，由于微动磨损量很小，测定非常困难，所得结果的误差通常都相当大．尽管几十年来人们对微动磨损进行了好些研究，然而至今却还没有建立起统一而完善的微动磨损量的测量和计算方法，以至很难对试验结果进行定量比较．因此，根据ＳＲＶ微动磨损试验机的工作原理，利用几何和数学分析手段提出了一种能够比较精确地测量和计算球－盘接触型微动摩擦件磨损量的方法，并且利用不同的模型对计算方法进行简化，从而得出了球和盘的磨损体积计算公式。只要借助轮廓仪和读数显微镜测量出有关参数，就可以比较精确地计算出球和盘的微动磨损体积，为了验证这种计算方法的实用性和可靠性，还进行了５２１００钢对不同含钨量的Ｎｉ－Ｗ合金镀层的ＳＲＶ微动磨损试验，测量结果与计算结果具有较好的一致性，由此可见，根据所提计算方法得到的计算结果，不仅可以增强ＳＲＶ试验机测试结果的可比性，也为利用这种试验机深入开展微动磨损研究提供了参照依据。     

Stabilizing effect of in-plane angular misalignment in 2DOF sliding system with in-plane anisotropic stiffness

Recently, it has been theoretically shown that in a 1DOF sliding system, the in-plane angular misalignment (referred to as the yaw angle misalignment (YAM)) has a stabilizing effect to suppress the self-excited vibration induced by the velocity-weakening friction. The YAM theory has been supported qualitatively and quantitatively by some experiments and numerical simulations. However, in some other experiments with another type of apparatuses, the suppression condition was qualitatively different from the theoretical prediction. Based on the above, in this study, the YAM theory has been extended to a 2DOF sliding system with in-plane anisotropic stiffness. Numerical simulation and eigenvalue analysis revealed that the YAM around 45° had a damping effect to suppress the self-excited vibration induced by the velocity-weakening friction, with no supplementary mechanical devices (such as dampers or actuators) to suppress the vibration, which was consistent with the previous experimental results.     

高超声速飞行器反作用控制系统喷流干扰综述

反作用控制系统（reaction control system, RCS）在高超声速飞行器上取得了较为广泛的应用,已成为高超声速飞行器重要的控制手段之一. RCS 工作过程中喷流与来流形成了复杂的干扰流场,使得对RCS的控制能力预测存在困难. 根据RCS 在不同高超声速飞行器上的布局位置及飞行器局部外形特点将RCS 布局方式归纳为4 类,包括小曲率表面喷流、大曲率表面喷流、头部喷流和翼面附近喷流. 对用于模拟各布局方式流动特征的4 种典型模型进行了概述,并对各典型模型喷流干扰问题的研究进展进行了总结. 最后,对今后研究方向提出了一些建议.     

On the time-dependency of the flow-induced dynamic moduli of a liquid crystalline hydroxypropylcellulose solution

Some unusual rheological features of a liquid crystalline solution of hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) in water have been investigated. Measurements have been performed by using a variety of different apparatuses with cone and plate geometries. Particular attention has been devoted to the experimental procedures, including the use of different sealing techniques, which are necessary to avoid solvent evaporation during the very long transients. Shear fracture effects, and their dependence on the type of sealing agents have also been studied. In steady shear, the HPC solution shows some rheological features which are common to other lyotropic systems, such as a three-region viscosity curve, and a double sign change in the first normal stress difference vs shear rate curve. The structural changes which take place after cessation of shear flow have been investigated by following the evolution of the dynamic moduli as a function of the time elapsed after the shear flow is stopped. It was found that the rate of the previously applied shear strongly affects both the kinetics and the asymptotic, long time values of the dynamic properties. Possible explanations for such behavior in terms of microstructure evolution are presented and discussed.     

动态加载装置和动态测试技术

本文介绍了力学试验中各种类型冲击加载装置及有关的动态测试技术,讨论了分段式Hopkinson压杆装置的加载特性、主要优点、用途以及在该装置上采用的一些测量新技术。文章中提出的应力波调节器,结构简单,重复性好,是动态光测技术中一种崭新的冲击加载装置。     

具有切应力梯度的平行平板流动腔的构造

在近年来关于流体切应力与细胞力学行为之间关系的研究中,流体切应力梯度被认为是诱发动脉粥样硬化和内膜增生的重要因素之一.本文探讨如何利用常用的离体细胞力学实验工具--平行平板流动腔模拟具有梯度的定常流切应力环境.结果表明,根据Hele-Shaw流的原理和常用复势W(Z)=AZn(n＞1)的特性,可构造出具有各种切应力梯度分布的流动腔.与其它模拟切应力梯度的方法比较,本文的方法更加简洁、可行.     

Hydrodynamic Regimes of Heat and Mass Transfer Apparatuses with a Moving Packing

Hydrodynamic regimes of heat and mass transfer apparatuses with a moving packing are considered. Relations defining the critical velocity, the loss of momentum in the working area, and the dynamic thickness of the layer of packing elements are obtained which are necessary for engineering calculations.     

Dual Reciprocity Boundary Element Method for Magnetohydrodynamic Flow Using Radial Basis Functions

A dual reciprocity boundary element method is given to obtain the solution in terms of velocity and induced magnetic field for the study of MHD (magnetohydrodynamic) flow through a rectangular duct having insulating walls. The equations are transformed to two types of nonlinear Poisson equations and the right-hand sides in these equations are approximated using combinations of two classes of radial basis functions (the value of the function and its normal derivatives are utilized for approximation). Computations are carried out for several values of the Hartman number (0 h M h 10) by using constant boundary elements. Comparisons are made for two types of formulations and for traditional and osculatory type approximations of the right-hand side functions. It is found that osculatory interpolation gives better results than traditional interpolation and the type of the Poisson equation, which contains derivative of the unknown function, is better than the other type, which contains unknown function only. The results for velocity and induced magnetic field are illustrated by some selected graphs.     

Technique for Combined Dynamic Compression–Shear Testing of PBXs

We modify the split Hopkinson pressure bar and propose a compression–shear experimental method to investigate the dynamic behavior of polymer-bonded explosives (PBXs). The main apparatuses used include an incident bar with a wedge-shaped end and two transmission bars. We employ Y-cut quartzes with a rotation angle of 17.7° to measure the shear force and an optical system for shear strain measurement. A PBX with a density of 1.7 g/cm³ is investigated using the proposed method. Experimental results show that the specimen endures both compression and shear failure. Compression failure stress rises, and shear failure stress decreases as the strain rate increases. The sequences of shear and compression failure times are various at different strain rates. Based on the maximum shear failure criterion, we conclude that these phenomena are related to the experimental loading path.     

The ultimate goal of modeling—Simulation of system and plant performance

Modern production processes in chemical, pharmaceutical and biological industries are characterized by complex process structures, which consist of different apparatuses and process steps. Modeling the entire process requires simulating all units altogether, while taking into account interconnections between them. Nevertheless, in the area of solids processing, there is nowadays an unfilled gap from the side of computer support of process modeling in allowing effective optimization and prediction of the behavior of the whole plant.This paper presents a tool for flowsheet simulation which allows the simulation of the stationary behavior of complex processes dealing with solids and its extension towards dynamic modeling. Also, a new simulation concept is proposed on the basis of the multiscale approach. On the macroscale, flowsheet simulation is performed with the help of the SolidSim system. Parameters for the macromodels in SolidSim are predicted by microscale simulation. The models for the two scales are then coupled by inter-scale communication laws. Application of the proposed modeling concept is shown by an example of fluidized bed granulation.