涤/绵纤维用丁烯二酸单酰胺染料的研究

涤/棉混纺纤维的同浴一步法染色由于可简化工艺、提高生产率已有不少研究.侯毓芬等研究过含β-羟乙基砜硫酸酯的水溶性活性分散染料.这类染料能溶於水,在热熔染色条件下能与棉纤维成共价结合,以乙烯砜结构存在於聚酯纤维内部,达到同浴上染涤/棉纤维的目的.     

便携式近红外光谱仪对废旧涤/棉混纺织物中涤含量的快速检测

利用近红外光谱技术对252个涤/棉混纺织物进行研究,建立了不同光谱特征的涤/棉混纺织物的偏最小二乘(PLS)定量分析模型。将近红外光谱异常样本与光谱正常样本分别建模,显著提高了定量分析模型的预测精度、拓宽了模型的适用范围。以涤、棉主要吸收峰区间为基本建模波段,进行双向扩展,筛选出最佳建模波段,以相关系数(R)、预测集标准差(SEP)和验证集准确率优化建模条件,并与未分别建模的PLS模型相比较。用346个未参与建模的废旧涤/棉混纺织物对模型进行外部验证,外部验证准确率为92%,识别时间8s。     

废旧涤/棉混纺织物近红外定量分析模型的建立及预测

将中红外光谱筛选出的598个纯涤、纯棉及涤/棉混纺样本采用GB/T 2910.11-2009法测定其涤、棉准确含量,其中校正集样本252个,验证集样本346个。使用便携式近红外光谱仪获取样本的原始近红外光谱(NIRS)。校正集样本依据回归系数的分布趋势和范围选取最佳建模谱区,并采用差分一阶导、S-G平滑和均值中心化相结合的方法对原始光谱进行预处理,利用偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立涤/棉混纺织物中涤含量的近红外(NIR)定量分析模型。同时分析了样本颜色对NIRS的影响,探讨了斜线光谱样本、奇异样本和不同组织结构织物对模型预测效果的影响。结果表明:利用PLS法建立的涤/棉混纺织物定量分析模型最优组合包含1个光谱区间和9个主成分因子,校正集相关系数(RC)为0.998,标准偏差(SEC)为0.908。为验证所建模型的有效性和实用性,对346个未参与建模的涤棉样本进行了预测,并将预测结果与国标法测定值进行方差分析,两种方法结果无显著差异,预测正确率达97%以上。模型的建立为废旧涤/棉混纺织物快速、无损分拣提供了基础数据库。     

石英砂固体分散剂制样的裂解气相色谱法测定涤/毛纤维混纺比列

基于纵型微型炉裂解器的裂解气相色谱法(Py-GC)建立了涤/毛纤维混纺比例的测定方法。以石英砂为固体质量分散剂,将样品加入其中碾磨成粉末后称量进样,在550℃的裂解温度下得到相应的裂解色谱图,依据各自特征裂解谱图与释放气体分析曲线可识别涤纶与羊毛纤维;选择涤/毛二元混纺纤维裂解谱图上涤纶的特征裂解产物——联苯为定量峰,计算混纺纤维中涤纶的质量百分含量,进而推算出羊毛纤维的含量。样品和石英砂的最佳配比为0.02 g∶4 g,涤纶质量在0.0256~0.2048 mg范围内联苯的线性良好,相关系数R2=0.9952。对不同涤/毛混纺比例的实际样品进行了测定,相对标准偏差RSD<3%(n=3);本法与国标法所得结果的偏差小于5%。结果表明,本方法简便、准确,适合涤/毛二元混纺纤维混纺比例的质控分析。     

南京石油化工厂均三甲苯合成活性鲜兰K-3R及其中间体的使用质量意见

我厂新产品活性艳兰K—3R为带红光的艳兰色K型活性染料,它的色泽鲜艳度,比目前老产品艳兰X—BR、K—GR、M—BR、KN—R均有较多提高,它主要用于纤维素纤维的印花和轧染。亦适用于活性/分散工艺印染。涤/棉混纺织物。为色光艳丽的新型染料。其色光鲜艳度牢度与国外活性艳兰汽巴克隆泼隆脱兰3R,狄丽玛林艳兰R—RL相近。为棉纤维印染用罕见难得的艳兰色品种,深受应用单位欢迎,填补了空白。但自问世到今数年,因其中间体芳胺主要原料均三甲苯,在上海焦化厂积极配合下,只能少量供应,因此迟迟未能大量投产。     

微波无极紫外光助双氧水处理活性艳红X-3B染料废水研究

活性艳红X-3B(C.I.ReactionRed 2)是一种单偶氮染料,其应用范围广泛,可用于棉、粘纤、涤/棉、锦纶、蚕丝、羊毛、锦/粘等织物的染色和丝绸的印花,因此其废水量大且色度深。目前染料废水的生物处理方法脱色效果差、占地面积大、处理周期长,传统的物理法和化学法也存在着成本高、不能彻底矿化染料分子等缺点。近年来发展起来的光化学处理染料废水的方法及各种光化学组合技术日益受到人们关注,但其中使用的普通紫外灯存在使用寿命短、启动慢、发光不稳定、电极材料易损等缺点[1],致使光化学方法处理废水的成本很高。本文利用微波产生的高频…     

以苯并噻二唑为辅助受体的N-苯基咔唑类染料敏化剂的合成及光伏性能

以N-苯基咔唑为电子给体,苯并噻二唑为辅助电子受体,噻吩或苯为π桥,氰乙酸或罗丹宁乙酸为键合受体,设计合成了四个N-苯基咔唑类染料敏化剂.对所合成的染料敏化剂的光谱性能和光电转换性能进行了研究.以氰乙酸为受体的染料敏化剂尽管最大吸收波长和摩尔吸光系数较以罗丹宁乙酸为受体的染料敏化剂低,但由于其电子注入效率高,导致其光电流和光电压均较优.以苯环为桥键的染料敏化剂较以噻吩环为桥键的染料敏化剂具有更好的光电流和光电压,因此四种染料敏化剂中,以苯基作为桥键,氰基乙酸作为受体的染料敏化剂获得较佳的光电转换效率5.28%(J_(SC)=9.14 mA/cm~2,V_(OC)=0.74 V,FF=0.78).     

高效液相色谱-线性离子阱/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱筛查和确证纺织品中的致癌染料

建立了高效液相色谱-线性离子阱/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(HPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap MS)筛查和确证生态纺织品中致癌染料的方法。样品在水浴(95 ℃)中用吡啶/水(1/1, v/v)振荡(150 r/min)提取,上清液过聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)滤膜后,CAPCELL PAK C₁₈色谱柱(100 mm×2.0 mm, 5 μm)分离,以乙腈和5 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液(含0.01%甲酸)、乙腈和5 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液分别作为正、负电喷雾离子化(ESI)模式的色谱流动相梯度洗脱。在m/z 200~800范围内进行一级质谱全扫描。以准分子离子峰的精确质量数和提取的色谱图峰面积进行筛查分析和定量,以保留时间和数据依赖扫描(data-dependent scan)模式获得的子离子质谱图进行定性确证。9种染料的质量准确度小于5×10^-6(5 ppm),线性良好,相关系数大于0.99,方法检出限为0.125~25 mg/kg。3个添加水平的回收率范围为62.13%~116.28%,相对标准偏差小于15%。应用该方法检测了棉、涤纶及混纺纤维等20余件纺织品样品中的致癌染料残留。该方法准确、可靠。     

近红外聚乙烯醇荧光高分子材料的制备及性能

以一种方酸菁染料、水溶性石墨烯和聚乙烯醇为原料,设计合成了在近红外区具有强荧光(660~665 nm)特性及良好的光热稳定性的方酸菁/聚乙烯醇二元和方酸菁/石墨烯/聚乙烯醇三元高分子材料;与在水中相比,方酸菁染料在聚乙烯醇中的最大紫外-可见吸收和荧光波长红移,荧光强度和光稳定性大幅提高;石墨烯的存在增强了材料的光稳定性。     

新型含有多氰基受体单元的近红外敏化染料的合成及其光伏性能研究

本文分别以三苯胺、二甲基苯胺和吲哚啉单元为电子给体,设计并合成了3个新型D-π-A体系近红外敏化染料分子5C-1、5C-2和5C-3,并对其结构进行了表征,详细研究了在溶液中以及吸附到电极上的吸收光谱.该系列敏化染料在550—850 nm之间具有较强的吸收,尤其5C-3的吸收边带已达到954 nm.当该系列敏化染料吸附到TiO₂上时,吸收边带大幅红移,显示有利于染料捕获长波段区域的太阳光.通过循环伏安法,测定了染料的电化学性质,发现该系列敏化染料的最低未占有轨道(LUMO)能级与TiO₂导带并不匹配,因此选用导带能级更正的SnO₂作为阳极半导体材料进一步测试了该系列染料的光电性能,以发展具有优良性能的长波段响应的近红外敏化剂.     

Synthesis and Properties of Novel Reactive Dyes Comprising Acyl Fluoride Group on Cotton Fabrics

Novel reactive dyes with mono- and bi-acyl fluoride reactive groups have been designed and synthesized, which are obtained by using 2-amino-8-naphthol-6-sulfonic acid or 1-amino-8-naphthol-3,6-disulfonicacid as the coupling component and 4-aminobenzoyl fluoride (PABF) as the diazo component. Their structures have been defined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and ultraviolet–visible spectra (UV—Vis). The novel reactive dyes were evaluated on cotton by using the exhaust dyeing method. The properties were examined in detail, and the results showed that the dye concentration of 4% (o.w.f), pH = 9, and salt-free was the most effective condition. The fixation of the novel reactive dyes on cotton was 60.27% and 64.13%, respectively. The micro-fluorine-containing reactive dyes have favorable dyeing properties owing to the covalent bond formed between the reactive group of dyes and the functional group of cotton fibers, which can achieve salt-free dyeing of cotton.     

Extraction of dyes contained in glow sticks using liquid CO2

ABSTRACT

Separation of glow stick dyes adhered to a cotton swab using liquid CO₂ provides an engaging demonstration of several chemical concepts including polarity, kinetics, chemiluminescence, and the importance of CO₂ a green solvent. The simple protocol allows access to a broad range of students. Differential polarities of the glow stick dyes allow certain dyes to be preferentially dissolved in liquid CO₂, leaving other dyes adhered onto cotton. Both TCPO (bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)oxalate) and H₂O₂, which together provide the necessary reaction for chemiluminescence, are present in both the extracted liquid and cotton upon dissipation of CO₂. Thus, it is possible to compare the emission spectrum of the extracted fluid to that of the original glow stick and the residue left on the cotton swab. Emission peaks resulting from the presence of polar dyes in the original glow stick and on the cotton are routinely observed to be missing in the extracts.     

High efficiency ultra-deep dyeing of cotton via mercerization and cationization

A potentially environmentally responsible dyeing procedure for ultra-deep shades on cotton was developed using a cationization method in combination with mercerization. The effects of both treatments on dyeing performance and colorfastness properties of cotton fabrics dyed with reactive dyes were analyzed individually and in combination. Both mercerization and cationization have been proved to be effective in increasing the depth of shade on cotton. The colorfastness properties, except colorfastness to wet crocking, of mercerized–cationized cotton fabrics dyed without salt were much better than untreated cotton dyed using a conventional dyeing procedure. Unlike untreated cotton fabrics, the concentration of Na₂CO₃ in the dyeing process of mercerized–cationized cotton fabrics was lowered from 20 to 5 g/L without compromising dye fixation and colorfastness properties. With low concentrations of dyes and Na₂CO₃ and no electrolyte in the dye bath effluent, the dyeing procedure of mercerized–cationized cotton fabrics for ultra-deep shades is potentially a more environmentally benign method than conventional dyeing with reactive dyes.     

Thermoanalytical studies of flame-retardant polyester/ cotton textile blends: a comparison of THPC-urea-PVBr and THPOH ammonia treatments

Flame-retardant polyester/cotton fabrics are increasing in importance in the apparel and household fabrics market. Phosphorus-nitrogen flame-retardant systems developed for 100% cotton are not necessarily effective for polyester/cotton blends. Bromine effectively imparts flame-retardant properties of polyester resins. It has been theorized that systems containing both bromine and phosphorus should be suitable for polyester/cotton blends. A thermoanalytical study was undertaken to elucidate the effect of bromine in flame-retardant polyester/cotton blend fabrics. Fabrics having various ratios of polyester to cotton were treated with THPOH---NH₃, which is particularly effective on 100% cotton, and with THPC-urea-PVBr, which was designed for 50/50 polyester/cotton blends. For comparison, data are also presented on a 50/50 polyester blend fabric treated with THPOH---NH₃ and with THPC—urea flame retardants plus tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate in a two-step application. TG and DSC data were obtained in atmospheres of either nitrogen or air, using a DuPont 990 Thermal Analysis System². The thermal changes are assigned to decompositions of cotton, polyester, char, and resin finish. A comparison is made of the effects caused by the different flame-retardant finishes. Ol values and FF 3-71 data are reported.     

Pressurised liquid extraction of pentachlorophenol from dyestuffs and cotton

Pressurised liquid extraction (PLE) was used to extract pentachlorophenol from cotton and dyestuffs. Five dyes and one dyed cotton were investigated for pentachlorophenol. The dyed cotton was found to have between 5.3 and 5.9 microg g(-1) pentachlorophenol, while the dyes were found to have between 42 and 2569 microg g(-1) pentachlorophenol present. The latter were found to be dye and manufacturing site dependant. Recovery experiments, in all cases, were found to be quantitative indicating appropriate sample work-up and manipulations.     

Spectrophotometric Determination of N-2-Pyridyl(maleic acid monoamide)

The behavior of N-2-pyridyl(maleic acid monoamide) in various hydrolyzing media has been studied. It is found that the substance is instantly hydrolyzed by 6 M CH₃COOH under normal conditions to form 2-aminopyridine. The molar absorptivity of the hydrolyzate is several times higher than that of N-2-pyridyl(maleic acid monoamide) in various media, which can be used for the sensitive determination of the substance. A procedure for the spectrophotometric determination of N-2-pyridyl(maleic acid monoamide) has been developed.     

Synthesis and Evaluation of Technical Properties of Novel Cationic Mono‐s‐chloro Triazinyl (MCT) Reactive Dyes on Cotton

Two novel cationic mono‐s‐chloro triazinyl (MCT) reactive dyes together with their analogues were synthesized via reacting an N,N‐dimethyl dodecylamine with p‐nitrobenzyl bromide. The resultant was reduced using stannous chloride and hydrochloric acid to produce the primary amine. The quaternary ammonium salt containing primary amine was then diazotized and coupled to H‐acid/J‐acid reacted with cyanuric chloride and sulfanilic acid. The analogue dyes were prepared via the same route without quaternary ammonium salt making stage. The dyes were characterized using FTIR, ¹H NMR, UV‐Vis spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The substantivity, exhaustion and fixation of the dyes were investigated on cotton fabric. It was found that these functional dyes could be effectively introduced to cotton for achieving simultaneous coloration and functional finishing effects. All the dyed fabrics exhibited softening efficacy. The washing and light fastness of the dyed samples were further studied.     

BODIPY dyes with β-conjugation and their applications for high-efficiency inverted small molecule solar cells

Small molecule BODIPY dyes incorporating conjugated substituents at the β sites have been synthesized. Solution processed inverted bulk heterojunction cells were fabricated from the blends of the dyes and PC(71)BM. The cells exhibited very high open-circuit voltages (>0.9 V) and a high conversion efficiency of 3.22% has been achieved.     

Synthesis and modification of sulfur dyes

An integrated approach to sulfur utilization by synthesis of sulfur dyes derived from m- and p-phenylenediamine was suggested. The sulfur dyes obtained were modified by the reaction with butyl bromide. The possibility of dyeing cotton fabrics by the dyes prepared was examined, and the coloration fastness was evaluated.