托卡马克电场电子注入的漂移电子束研究

 研究了漂移电子束中电子的运动规律, 得到了电子在外加电场、纵磁场和电子束自场中的运动轨迹和漂移速度表达式, 并就它们的成束条件、成束形状和电压要求以及束的稳定性条件进行了比较和讨论, 认为阴极垂直于纵磁场放置更好一些。     

托卡马克电场电子注入的漂移电子束研究

研究了漂移电子束中电子的运动规律, 得到了电子在外加电场、纵磁场和电子束自场中的运动轨迹和漂移速度表达式, 并就它们的成束条件、成束形状和电压要求以及束的稳定性条件进行了比较和讨论, 认为阴极垂直于纵磁场放置更好一些。     

新型缓冲层分区电场调制横向双扩散超结功率器件

为了突破传统横向双扩散金属-氧化物-半导体器件(lateral double-diffused MOSFET)击穿电压与比导通电阻的极限关系,本文在缓冲层横向双扩散超结功率器件(super junction LDMOS-SJ LDMOS)结构基础上,提出了具有缓冲层分区新型SJ-LDMOS结构.新结构利用电场调制效应将分区缓冲层产生的电场峰引入超结(super junction)表面而优化了SJ-LDMOS的表面电场分布,缓解了横向LDMOS器件由于受纵向电场影响使横向电场分布不均匀、横向单位耐压量低的问题.利用仿真分析软件ISE分析表明,优化条件下,当缓冲层分区为3时,提出的缓冲层分区SJ-LDMOS表面电场最优,击穿电压达到饱和时较一般LDMOS结构提高了50%左右,较缓冲层SJ-LDMOS结构提高了32%左右,横向单位耐压量达到18.48 V/μm.击穿电压为382 V的缓冲层分区SJ-LDMOS,比导通电阻为25.6 mΩ·cm2,突破了一般LDMOS击穿电压为254 V时比导通电阻为71.8 mΩ·cm2的极限关系.     

阶梯AlGaN外延新型Al0.25Ga0.75N/GaNHEMTs器件实验研究

本文报道了作者提出的阶梯AlGaN外延层新型AlGaN/GaN HEMTs结构的实验结果. 实验利用感应耦合等离子体刻蚀(ICP)刻蚀栅边缘的AlGaN外延层, 形成阶梯的AlGaN 外延层结构, 获得浓度分区的沟道2DEG, 使得阶梯AlGaN外延层边缘出现新的电场峰, 有效降低栅边缘的高峰电场, 从而优化了AlGaN/GaN HEMTs器件的表面电场分布. 实验获得了阈值电压-1.5 V的新型AlGaN/GaN HEMTs器件. 经过测试, 同样面积的器件击穿电压从传统结构的67 V提高到新结构的106 V, 提高了58%左右; 脉冲测试下电流崩塌量也比传统结构减少了30%左右, 电流崩塌效应得到了一定的缓解.     

高亮度注入器腔形径向电场的线性化

讨论了驻波腔内射频场力对电子束横向运动的影响，求出了使加速腔内径向电场线性化的阳极等位线方程。并给出了使径向电场Ｅ＿ｒ线性化的加速腔鼻锥设计所应遵循的原则，以及驻波腔径向电场线性化程度的判据。     

场板结终端对金刚石SBD内部电场分布及击穿特性的影响

建立了场板结终端对金刚石肖特基势垒二极管(SBD)的数值模拟模型,采用Silvaco软件中的器件仿真工具ATLAS模拟了场板长度L、绝缘层厚度TOX、衬底掺杂浓度NB、场板结构形状对器件内部电场分布以及击穿电压的影响,并对结果进行了物理分析和解释。结果表明:当TOX=0.4μm、NB=1015cm-3、L在0~0.2μm范围内时,击穿电压随着L的增加而增加;L0.2μm后,击穿电压开始下降。当L=0.2μm、NB=1015cm-3、TOX在0.1~0.4μm范围内时,击穿电压随着TOX的增加而增加;TOX0.4μm后,击穿电压开始下降。当L=0.2μm、TOX=0.4μm、NB=1015cm-3时,器件的击穿电压达到最大的1 873 k V。与普通场板结构相比,采用台阶场板可以更加有效地提高器件的击穿电压。     

电场辅助溶解法实现玻璃表面金纳米粒子的形貌控制

贵金属纳米粒子由于其非常独特的光学特性和表面活性, 在光子学、 催化和生物标识等方面都有非常重要的应用. 采用离子溅射和后续热处理相结合的方法在玻璃表面形成了尺寸大约为60-80 nm的单分散的球形金纳米粒子. 在适当的温度条件下, 采用步进式增加的强直流电场, 实现了金纳米粒子的电场辅助溶解过程. 在玻璃表面的不同颜色区域, 初始球形的金纳米粒子溶解成月蚀状形貌. 结合不同颜色区域内金纳米粒子的表面等离子体共振吸收性质和扫描电镜照片, 研究了实验条件对金纳米粒子性质的影响. 结合电场辅助溶解实验过程中的电流-电压特性, 分析了金纳米粒子在强直流电场辅助下溶解的物理过程: 金粒子中动出的电子向阳极的隧穿过程作为开始, 随后是金阳离子向玻璃基体中的传输过程和阴极提供的电子与带有正电荷的金粒子相结合的过程. 详细讨论了电场辅助溶解法实现金纳米粒子形貌控制的物理机制.     

Ag-BaO薄膜在垂直表面电场作用下的光吸收增强

Ag-BaO薄膜是金属纳米微粒埋藏于半导体介质中的功能复合薄膜,它具有超快的光电时间响应,可以检测超短激光脉冲,在Ag-BaO薄膜表面加入垂直电场,可以提高薄膜的光电发射效率,在垂直表面电场作用下近紫外波段光吸收有较明显增强现象,在波长λ=303nm处15V电压作用下光吸收增强6.5%,30V电压作用下增强18%。这种光吸收增强是由于在电场作用下,薄膜的能带结构发生倾斜,以及在强电场下能级分裂。光吸收涉及被激发电子在倾斜能带间隧穿几率的增加,和被激发电子在这些分裂能级间的跃迁。     

RFQ结构参数σ/R 对电极最大表面电场及极间电场的影响

基于CST 微波工程软件对四杆型RFQ 的模拟运算,分析了在不同情况下不同的RFQ 结构参数σ/R与电极最大表面电场Emax 之间的关系,发现对应于不同RFQ 孔径下的最小的Emax,其结构参数σ/R 的值是不同的。同时发现改变σ/R,RFQ极间电场线性度始终保持在99.5% 以上,但σ/R 变大会微幅提升极间电场线性度。Based on the simulation on 4-rods RFQ by the CST MWS software, we analyzed the relationship between the RFQ’s structure parameter σ/R and the maximum electrode field Emax, and found that as the aperture R varies,the value of σ/R corresponding to the minimum Emax does not necessarily keep constant. We also found that the RFQ interelectrode field linearity maintains over 99.5% as σ/R veries, although it slightly increases as σ/R increases.     

爆炸电子发射初期阴极表面电场的研究

为了研究二极管爆炸电子发射初始阶段阴极表面复杂的物理现象及规律, 建立了由场致电子发射阴极构成的一维平板真空二极管物理模型,通过自行编程数值求解泊松方程, 考虑了发射出的电子对阴极表面电场的非线性影响,自洽模拟得到了阴极表面电场随时间的变化情况. 模拟结果表明,爆炸电子发射初期,阴极表面电场随时间的增加而呈现出不断振荡的规律, 且振荡幅度越来越小,最终到达一个稳态的值,二极管两极板之间的外加电场越大, 阴极表面稳态电场的绝对值越大;电场增强系数越大,阴极表面稳态电场的绝对值越大. 在整个时间演变过程中,阴极表面的实际电场强度决定着阴极发射的电流密度大小, 反过来阴极发射的电流密度又会影响到阴极表面的电场.     

One-dimensional breakdown voltage model of SOI RESURF lateral power device based on lateral linearly graded approximation

A novel one-dimensional(1D) analytical model is proposed for quantifying the breakdown voltage of a reduced surface field(RESURF) lateral power device fabricated on silicon on an insulator(SOI) substrate.We assume that the charges in the depletion region contribute to the lateral PN junctions along the diagonal of the area shared by the lateral and vertical depletion regions.Based on the assumption,the lateral PN junction behaves as a linearly graded junction,thus resulting in a reduced surface electric field and high breakdown voltage.Using the proposed model,the breakdown voltage as a function of device parameters is investigated and compared with the numerical simulation by the TCAD tools.The analytical results are shown to be in fair agreement with the numerical results.Finally,a new RESURF criterion is derived which offers a useful scheme to optimize the structure parameters.This simple 1D model provides a clear physical insight into the RESURF effect and a new explanation on the improvement in breakdown voltage in an SOI RESURF device.     

离子型表面活性剂对双重乳粒分散性能的影响

为了改善臭氧处理PS单层球与PVA溶液生成的双重乳粒在油相中的分散性,采用了低分子量阴离子型表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)及高分子量混合型表面活性剂十八烷基胺聚氧乙烯醚双季铵盐(PAVDA)来改性该种PS单层球,测试并分析了不同表面活性剂对相应薄膜亲水接触角及其对PVA吸附速率的影响,同时也考察并对比了静电排斥作用和空间位阻作用对双重乳粒分散性的影响。实验结果表明这三种表面活性剂均能不同程度的改善双重乳粒在油相中的分散性。其中,经SDS和SDBS处理后,双重乳粒在油相中固化时会发生絮凝作用而无法以较高成活率制得大尺寸双层球;经PAVDA处理PS单层球后,实现了以较高的成活率制得700~900μm的PS-PVA双层空心微球。同时,也表明在改善PS单层球的分散性方面,空间位阻稳定作用较静电排斥作用更为有效。     

离子型表面活性剂对双重乳粒分散性能的影响

为了改善臭氧处理PS单层球与PVA溶液生成的双重乳粒在油相中的分散性,采用了低分子量阴离子型表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）和十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）及高分子量混合型表面活性剂十八烷基胺聚氧乙烯醚双季铵盐（PAVDA）来改性该种PS单层球,测试并分析了不同表面活性剂对相应薄膜亲水接触角及其对PVA吸附速率的影响,同时也考察并对比了静电排斥作用和空间位阻作用对双重乳粒分散性的影响。实验结果表明这三种表面活性剂均能不同程度的改善双重乳粒在油相中的分散性。其中,经SDS和SDBS处理后,双重乳粒在油相中固化时会发生絮凝作用而无法以较高成活率制得大尺寸双层球;经PAVDA处理PS单层球后,实现了以较高的成活率制得700~900 m的PS-PVA双层空心微球。同时,也表明在改善PS单层球的分散性方面,空间位阻稳定作用较静电排斥作用更为有效。     

高斯-谢尔模型光束通过杨氏双缝衍射后的解析传输公式

 通过将杨氏双缝窗口函数表示为复高斯函数叠加的方法,从Collins公式出发推导出了高斯-谢尔模型(GSM)光束通过杨氏双缝和ABCD光学系统后光强的近似解析表达式。利用该公式作了数值计算,通过与Collins公式计算结果进行比较,确定了该公式的适用范围,研究了相干长度和双缝中心遮拦比对解析公式适用范围的影响,并对该公式的应用前景作了展望。     

Study of electrical field distribution of gold-capped nanoparticle for excitation of localized surface plasmon resonance

The specific optical characteristics which can be observed from noble metal nanostructured materials such as nanoparticles and nanoislands have wide variety of applications such as biosensors, solar cells, and optical circuit. Because, these noble metal nanostructures induce the increment of light absorption efficiency by the enhancing effect of electrical field from localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) excitation. However, the enhancing effects of electrical field from LSPR using simple structured noble metal nanostructures for several applications are not satisfactory. To realize the more effective light absorption efficiency by the enhancing effect of electrical field, quite different noble metal nanostructures have been desired for applying to several applications using LSPR. In this study, to obtain the more effective enhancing effect of electrical field, conditions for LSPR excitation using a gold-capped nanoparticle layer substrate are computationally analyzed using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. From the previous research, LSPR excitation using such gold-capped nanoparticle layer substrates has a great potential for application to high-sensitive label-free monitoring of biomolecular interactions. For understanding of detailed LSPR excitation mechanism, LSPR excitation conditions were investigated by analyzing the electrical field distribution using simulation software and comparing the results obtained with experimental results. As a result of computational analysis, LSPR excitation was found to depend on the particle alignment, interparticle distance, and excitation wavelength. Furthermore, the LSPR optical characteristics obtained from the simulation analysis were consistent with experimentally approximated LSPR optical characteristics. Using this gold-capped nanoparticle layer substrate, LSPR can be excited easily more than conventional noble metal nanoparticle-based LSPR excitation without noble metal nanoparticle synthesis. Hence, this structure is detectable a small change of refractive index such as biomolecular interactions for biosensing applications.     

Nucleon--nucleon interactions in the double folding model for fusion reactions

Nucleus--nucleus potentials are determined in the framework of double folding model for M3Y--Reid and M3Y--Paris effective nucleon--nucleon (NN) interactions. Both zero-range and finite-range exchange parts of NN interactions are considered in the folding procedure. In this paper the spherical projectile--spherical target system ¹⁶O+²⁰⁸Pb is selected for calculating the barrier energies, fusion cross sections and barrier distributions with the density-independent and density-dependent NN interactions on the basis of M3Y--Reid and M3Y--Paris NN interactions. The barrier energies become lower for Paris NN interactions in comparison with Reid NN interactions, and also for finite-range exchange part in comparison with zero-range exchange part. The density-dependent NN interactions give similar fusion cross sections and barrier distributions, and the density-independent NN interaction causes the barrier distribution moving to a higher position. However, the density-independent Reid NN interaction with zero-range exchange part gives the lowest fusion cross sections. We find that the calculated fusion cross sections and the barrier distributions are in agreement with the experimental data after renormalization of the nuclear potential due to coupled-channel effect.     

New expressions for field distribution in the focal region

In an earlier paper dealing with the flat-topped light beams [Y. Li, Opt. Lett. 27 (2002) 1007], it is shown that the flat-topped beams can be expressed as 1 − [1 − exp(−ξ²)]^M, where ξ is a dimensionless parameter and M is a non-negative number. The binomial expansion of this express contains only lowest-order Gaussian modes; this situation makes it possible to develop a new formulation of diffraction of converging spherical wave at an aperture in a plane opaque screen if the Gaussian mode expansion is employed to describe the boundary values of the screen.     

Calculation of decay half-lives for superheavy elements using the double folding model

α decay half-lives of some new synthesized superheavy elements, possibly synthesized superheavy elements and decay products are calculated theoretically within the WKB approximation by using microscopic m-nucleus interaction potentials. These nuclear potentials between the α particle and daughter nuclei are obtained by using the double folding integral of the matter density distribution of the α particle and daughter nuclei with a density-dependent effective nucleon-nucleon interaction, in which the zero-range exchange term is supplemented. The calculated α decay half-lives are compared with those of the different models and experimental data. It is shown that the present calculation successfully provides the half-lives of the observed αdecays for some new superheavy elements and therefore gives reliable predictions for α decay of possibly synthesized superheavy elements in future experiments.     

Contact value relations and density functional theory for the electrical double layer

The recently developed contact-corrected density functional theory is applied to an electric double layer containing a valence and size symmetric electrolyte. The restricted primitive model is used to describe the electrolyte, and a non-polarisable, smooth, planar, uniformly charged hard surface is used to model the electrode. Comparison with Monte Carlo simulation results for this system shows that the theory satisfies the first contact value relation in line with the premise of the approach. Additionally, the theory is found to satisfy the semi-empirical second contact value relation quite closely. This is a welcome result, since no reference is made to this second relation nor is the relation used in the theoretical development. The second contact relation is closely related to the anomalous positive temperature derivative of the double layer capacitance at low temperature, low ion concentration, and low electrode charge, and indeed, the contact-corrected density functional theory predicts this effect.     

千瓦级双包层光纤激光器冷却方案设计理论和实验研究

尽管双包层光纤激光器的散热性能好于传统的固体激光器的散热性能,光纤激光器中的热沉积仍然是限制提高其输出功率的重要因素.以双端抽运的400 W双包层光纤激光器为实例,定量分析了光纤内的热沉积分布.根据所建立的散热模型,为了确保千瓦级双包层光纤激光器安全稳定的运行,抽运端附近的对流换热系数应大于2.8×10^-2W·cm^-2K^-1.据此设计出高功率双包层光纤激光器抽运端冷却装置并成功应用在激光系统中,获得了千瓦级的激光输出. 关键词： 热沉积 散热 双包层光纤激光器