床面上直立圆柱的三维湍流数值模拟

从数值预报桥墩等结构物床面局部冲刷的角度发展绕直立圆柱的三维湍流的数值模拟技术. 基于Wilcox的k-ω两方程湍流模式，采用基于有限体积法的压力修正SIMPLE算法, 计算了绕床面直立圆柱的三维湍流流场，分析了光滑和粗糙床面两种情况下的流动情况. 通过系列的验证计算，表明该计算模型能够比较准确地反映不同外来流条件下绕直立圆柱的流场. 计算结果揭示了床面粗糙度对绕圆柱的湍流流动的影响.     

船-冰作用中海冰典型破坏模式的离散元数值模拟

在破冰船破冰过程中,冰排主要表现为挤压与弯曲两种破坏模式.本文基于黏结离散单元法对船-冰作用中的这两种典型破坏模式进行数值模拟.海冰离散元数值试样采用随机排布方式生成,采用单轴压缩试验与三点弯曲试验相结合的方式标定模型中的细观参数.将船-冰碰撞中的挤压和弯曲作用方式简化为直立或倾斜 平板与海冰的作用模式,构建挤压与弯曲...     

水中爆炸激波对水泥试样作用的数值模拟分析

通过对水中爆炸激波在水泥净浆试样中传播的数值模拟,再现了爆炸激波的传播过程,采用对典型单元受到的激波作用和应力进行分析的方法,得出了水泥试样各个区域损伤破坏的成因,数值模拟结果和实验现象吻合。     

流向磁场作用下圆柱绕流的直接数值模拟

绕流是托卡马克装置中液态包层内常见的流动形态,对流场与热量分布有着重要的影响.本文通过直接数值模拟(DNS),研究了不同磁场强度下$Re=3900$的圆柱绕流,分析了磁场强度对于湍流尾迹的影响.无磁场情况下,直接数值模拟的结果与前人的实验及模拟结果吻合很好.圆柱下游的尾迹中,随着流向距离的增大, 流向速度剖面逐渐从U型进化呈V型, 并慢慢趋于平缓,这表明尾迹中的流动结构受圆柱影响逐渐减小.圆柱后方两侧的剪切层中,由于Kelvin-Helmholtz不稳定性的影响,可以清晰地看到小尺度剪切层涡的脱落.通过对无磁场的计算结果施加流向磁场,本文计算了哈特曼数($Ha$)分别为20, 40和80的工况,以研究磁场效应对于湍流的影响.结果表明磁场较弱时,流动依然呈三维湍流状态.随着磁场增强, 近圆柱尾流区受磁场抑制明显,回流区被拉长,剪切层失稳位置向下游转移.圆柱后方的涡结构由于受到竖直方向洛伦兹力的挤压作用,随着哈特曼数的增加尾迹区域逐渐变窄.相比于无磁场情况的涡结构,由于磁场的耗散作用,相应的涡结构尺度变小.该研究不仅扩展了现有磁场下湍流运动的参数范围,对于液态包层的设计及安全运行同样具有重要的理论指导意义和工程应用价值.      

错列角度对双圆柱涡激振动影响的数值模拟研究

为研究错列角度\alpha对双圆柱涡激振动问题的影响,采用自主研发的基于CIP (constrained interpolation profile)方法的数值模型,对雷诺数\mathit{Re}=100、错列角度\alpha =0^{°}\mathrm{~}90^{°} (间隔15 #x00B0;)的等直径双圆柱涡激振动问题进行数值模拟. 模型在笛卡尔网格系统下建立,采用具有三阶精度的 CIP 方法求解 N-S (Navier--Stokes)方程,采用浸入边界法处理流--固耦合问题,避免了任意拉欧方法下的网格畸变和重叠动网格技术中的大量信息交换问题,保证了模型的计算效率. 重点分析不同错列角度\alpha上下游圆柱的升阻力系数、位移响应、涡脱频率和尾涡模态等. 结果表明:折合速度U_r=2.0\mathrm{~}3.0时,上下游圆柱升阻力随错列角度的增大基本呈单调增大的趋势;U_{\mathrm{r}}=5.0\mathrm{~}8.0时,随错列角度的增大,上下游圆柱阻力变化较小,升力呈“上凸”趋势,在\alpha =15^{°}\mathrm{~}30^{°}取得最大值;U_r=10.0\mathrm{~}13.0时,随错列角度的增大,上下游圆柱阻力变化较小,升力呈“下凹”趋势,在\alpha =30^{°}\mathrm{~}45^{°}取得最小值,且柱体横流向振幅和升力没有明显的对应关系. 最后,结合尾涡模态对以上规律的成因进行分析. 研究结果可为相关海洋工程设计提供参考.      

圆柱周围湍流和含沙多相流的SPH数值模拟

湍流和多相流是流体力学中最具挑战性的两个主题,湍流多相流的实验和数值模拟更是一项艰巨的挑战。此外,对颗粒干沉积方面的多相流、多尺度、多物理耦合特征的风沙流的综合实地观测仍然很少。因此,本文综合考虑湍流、多相流与多物理耦合等方面,采用以圆柱为干扰物产生对流涡流的强制干扰技术,以塔克拉玛干沙漠地带中和田至若羌铁路的过沙桥桥墩为研究背景。为摆脱有限元软件中由网格大变形或失真引起的各种问题,采用SPH方法的宏观界面追踪和微观单点追踪相结合的方式,初步揭示了以单相对流涡流为风场背景的含沙多相流环境下的圆柱周围复杂的流场变化以及对颗粒干沉积运动的影响。采用数值模拟与现场实验相结合的方式,着重对计算域边界壁面和圆柱壁面对空气单相流中对流涡流的成形运动及其特征分析、两相流中对流涡流在圆柱周围的夹沙运动模拟及其特性分析、两相流中对流涡流的夹沙率以及边界壁湍流对沙粒干沉积效率展开分析研究。     

利用格子Boltzmann方法数值模拟Rayleigh-Benard对流

采用格子Boltzmann方法对较大Rayleigh数范围下的二维Rayleigh-Benard对流进行了模拟研究.引入能量分布函数,利用该能量分布函数与粒子速度分布函数耦合来求解一个热流场,能量分布函数与粒子速度分布函数和Boltzmann方程构成了一个新的双分布格子Boltzmann模型.在考虑密度随温度变化的情况下,进行数值模拟,得到了Rayleigh-Benard对流速度、温度随时间的变化规律、系统的流线和等温线分布及平均Nusselt数与Rayleigh数的之间的关系,与相关文献数据进行了对比,模拟结果非常吻合,证明了改进的双分布格子Boltzmann模型的有效性.     

水动力作用下低速射流碎化的数值模拟

为研究射流在水动力作用下的碎化特性,采用有限体积法对轴对称坐标下Navier-Stokes方程进行了求解,考虑重力和表面张力的影响,并通过Volume-of-Fluid法与Level-Set法成功捕捉到界面的不稳定发展、变形及射流碎化过程,分析了流场内部速度场和压力场分布,结果表明,射流碎化长度随Re/We“5数呈指数型增加,最后探讨了射流速度、直径及周围流体密度、粘性等参量对射流的碎化过程的影响规律.     

波浪作用下直立结构物附近强湍动掺气流体运动的数值模拟

波浪破碎卷入气体易对建筑物受力产生压力振荡,了解波浪作用下建筑物附近掺气水流的运动特性是精确计算建筑物受力的前提.基于OpenFOAM开源程序包和修正速度入口造波方法建立三维数值波浪水槽,模型采用S-A IDDES湍流模型进行湍流封闭,并采用修正的VOF方法捕捉自由液面,数值模拟了规则波在1:10的光滑斜坡上与直立结构物的相互作用过程,重点分析了结构物附近的水动力和掺气水流运动特性.结果表明,建立的数值模型能精确地捕捉波浪作用下直立结构物附近的自由液面的变化以及气泡输运过程,较好地描述气体卷入所形成的气腔形态以及多气腔之间的融合、分裂等过程;波浪与直立结构物相互作用产生强湍动掺气水流,其运动过程十分复杂;掺气流体输运过程中水气界面周围一直伴随着涡的存在,其中,气泡的分裂与周围正负涡量剪切作用密切相关,且其输运轨迹主要受周围流场的影响;研究揭示了结构物附近湍动能与掺气特性的关系,发现波浪作用下直立结构物附近湍动能的分布与掺气水流特征参数(气泡数量、空隙率)整体呈现一定的线性关系.     

波浪作用下直立结构物附近强湍动掺气流体运动的数值模拟

波浪破碎卷入气体易对建筑物受力产生压力振荡,了解波浪作用下建筑物附近掺气水流的运动特性是精确计算建筑物受力的前提.基于OpenFOAM开源程序包和修正速度入口造波方法建立三维数值波浪水槽,模型采用S-A IDDES湍流模型进行湍流封闭,并采用修正的VOF方法捕捉自由液面,数值模拟了规则波在1:10的光滑斜坡上与直立结构物的相互作用过程,重点分析了结构物附近的水动力和掺气水流运动特性.结果表明,建立的数值模型能精确地捕捉波浪作用下直立结构物附近的自由液面的变化以及气泡输运过程,较好地描述气体卷入所形成的气腔形态以及多气腔之间的融合、分裂等过程;波浪与直立结构物相互作用产生强湍动掺气水流,其运动过程十分复杂;掺气流体输运过程中水气界面周围一直伴随着涡的存在,其中,气泡的分裂与周围正负涡量剪切作用密切相关,且其输运轨迹主要受周围流场的影响;研究揭示了结构物附近湍动能与掺气特性的关系,发现波浪作用下直立结构物附近湍动能的分布与掺气水流特征参数(气泡数量、空隙率)整体呈现一定的线性关系.     

常航速船波势及船波阻力的边界元法

利用满足Laplace方程,线性化自由面条件及无穷远处条件的Havelock兴波源涵数,建立了关于常航速稳态船波势函数的边界积分方程.针对这个积分方程,建立了相应的数值计算方法,编制了一般三维问题的边界元法计算机程序,可用来计算全潜和半潜物体的稳态绕流场及船舶兴波阻力.     

Effect of irregular gravitational waves on a vertical circular cylinder

We examine the question of three-dimensional irregular waves acting on a vertical circular cylinder. Pilings in the form of circular cylinders are used as support elements for such hydrotechnical structures as offshore piers and stationary moorings.A theoretical-empirical approach to the solution of the problem for the action of swells was developed in [1].The account for irregularity is based on the hypotheses which are adopted in spectral theory of waves. Examples are presented for particular cases of the sea-state spectral density.     

两层流体中水波在垂直薄板上的反射与透射

研究在两层流体中表面波模态和内波模态的波浪与半潜式刚性垂直薄板 相互作用的问题. 基于特征函数展开理论,建立了两种模态入射波作用下,半潜式刚性垂直 薄板的反射与透射能量的计算方法,证明了对每一种模态的入射波,另一种模态波浪的反射 与透射能量是相等的. 对水面漂浮和座底半潜式薄板的反射与透射能量,以及作用在其上的 水平波浪力进行了数值计算分析,表明在某个频率范围内,流体的分层效应对这些水动力 量的影响是不可忽视的. 特别地,当薄板的一端位于两层流体的内界面上时,两种模态波浪 的能量转化是最大的.     

A numerical method for the evaluation of hydrodynamic forces of translating bodies under a free surface

This paper presents a numerical method to evaluate the hydrodynamic forces of translating bodies under a free surface. Both steady and unsteady problems are considered. Analytical and numerical studies are carried out based on the Havelock wave‐source function and the integral equation method. Two main problems arising inherently in the proposed solution method are overcome in order to facilitate the numerical implementation. The first lies in evaluating the Havelock function, which involves integrals with highly oscillatory kernels. Particular integration contours leading to non‐oscillatory integrands are derived a priori so that the integrals can be evaluated efficiently. The second problem lies in evaluating singular kernels in the boundary integral equation. The corresponding non‐singular formulation is derived using some theorems of potential theory, including the Gauss flux theorem and the property related to the equipotential body. The subsequent formulation is amenable to the solution by directly using the standard quadrature formulas without taking another special treatment. This paper also attempts to enhance the computational efficiency by presenting an interpolation method used to evaluate matrix elements, which are ascribed to a discretization procedure. In addition to the steady case, numerical examples consist of cases involving a submerged prolate spheroid, which is originally idle and then suddenly moves with a constant speed and a constant acceleration. Also systematically studied is the variation of hydrodynamic forces acting on the spheroid for various Froude numbers and submergence depths. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Milu-CG method and the numerical study on the flow around a rotating circular cylinder

I.IntroductionTilenowaroundarotatitlgcircularcylinderisacomplexunsteadyone.ItincludesmanycomplicatedtlowphenomenaSuchastheunsteadyboundarylayerseparation,thegenerationandsheddingofvorticesandtheinteractionwitllwakesetc..Therotationofacircularcylillderarounditsaxiswilldecreaseandsuppresstheflowseparationandvortexsheddingononesideofthecylinder,whileincreasinganddevelopingonanothel,side.Atransverseliftforcewillactonthecylinder,andthisphenomenoniscalledtheMagnuseffect.Themost.importantparameterf…     

Mechanical action of a traveling hydraulic jump on a vertical cylinder

The technique and the results of an experimental investigation of the longitudinal force component and the vertical coordinate of the point of its application when bore-type waves impinge on a vertical cylinder are presented. The bore was generated by removing a vertical gate providing a difference of free surface levels in a channel with a smooth horizontal bottom. It was found that the presence of a free surface in the incident flow has a considerable effect on the force and its moment about the channel bottom.     

A numerical study of the load on cylindrical piles exerted by internal solitary waves

A continuously stratified nonlinear model is employed to simulate the generation of internal solitary waves (ISWs) over a sill by tidal flows, and it is shown that the simulated ISW-induced current field basically agrees with that observed. Then the force and torque on a supposed small-diameter vertical cylindrical pile exerted by the simulated ISW packet are calculated. According to the calculation, it is found that, no matter whether the direction of the ISW-induced current is the same as that of the tidal current or not, the force exerted by the ISW would be much larger than that by only the tidal current; if the direction of the ISW-induced current is the same as that of the tidal current, then the torque exerted by the ISW would also be much larger than that by only the tidal current; whilst if the direction of the ISW-induced current is against that of the tidal current, then the torque exerted by the ISW has the same order as that exerted by only the tidal current. It is shown that, under the same conditions, the maximum force on the cylindrical pile is 6.58×10² kN, which is larger than that by the modal separation method of Cai et al., whilst the maximum torque is 2.46×10⁵ kN m, which is less than that given by Cai et al. During the passage of the ISW, the time series of the force and torque on the cylindrical pile can also be shown. Finally, the effect of the characteristics of the Gaussian sill on the force is studied, and the resulted empirical formulas on the force with the wave amplitude and the non-dimensional variable of the sill parameters are put forward.     

Force action of discontinuous waves on a vertical wall

This paper presents the results of an experimental study of the dynamic action exerted on the vertical end wall of a rectangular channel by the wave propagating in the tailwater region after total dam break. It is shown that the results of calculations using the first shallow-water approximation differ from experimental data by not more than 5%. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 50, No. 2, pp. 129–135, March-April, 2009.     

Regular wave integral approach to numerical simulation of radiation and diffraction of surface waves

A regular wave integral method is developed in the discretisation of a linear hydrodynamic problem on radiation and diffraction of surface waves by a floating or submerged body. The velocity potential of the problem is expressed as a solution of a body boundary integral equation involving the pulsating free surface Green function or pulsating free surface sources distributed on the body surface. With the use of a discretisation on the regular wave integral rather than discretisations on the singular wave integral of the Green function as in earlier investigations, the singular wave integral is approximated as an expansion of regular (or nonirregular) wave potentials. Influence coefficients between pulsating free surface source points are computed by the approximate expansion together with Hess–Smith panel integral formulas. Thus the velocity potential solution is evaluated by a boundary element algorithm. The numerical results produced from the proposed method agree well with semi-analytic solution results.     

A meshless numerical wave tank for simulation of nonlinear irregular waves in shallow water

Time domain simulation of the interaction between offshore structures and irregular waves in shallow water becomes a focus due to significant increase of liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminals. To obtain the time series of irregular waves in shallow water, a numerical wave tank is developed by using the meshless method for simulation of 2D nonlinear irregular waves propagating from deep water to shallow water. Using the fundamental solution of Laplace equation as the radial basis function (RBF) and locating the source points outside the computational domain, the problem of water wave propagation is solved by collocation of boundary points. In order to improve the computation stability, both the incident wave elevation and velocity potential are applied to the wave generation. A sponge damping layer combined with the Sommerfeld radiation condition is used on the radiation boundary. The present model is applied to simulate the propagation of regular and irregular waves. The numerical results are validated by analytical solutions and experimental data and good agreements are observed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.