大学物理演示实验的DIY应用与实践

大学物理演示实验作为大学物理实验的重要组成部分,逐渐被越来越多的高校重视。本文介绍了大学物理演示实验的作用与特点、大学物理演示实验仪器的DIY制作及大学物理演示实验DIY的实践与探索。本文认为大学物理演示实验对于提高学生大学物理成绩、实验操作能力及在对学生的培养中都具有重要的地位与作用。     

“气体压强的产生”模拟演示器

司南版教材中"模拟气压的产生"演示实验所需的实验装备在中学尚未普及,为解决这一问题,形象生动地演示该实验,利用日常易得的物品制作了"气体压强的产生"模拟演示器,详细介绍了该演示器的制作与演示方法.     

大学物理教学中应用演示实验的教学方法思考与实践

针对目前高校演示实验在大学物理教学中存在的问题,通过建设相应的演示资源,如演示实验录像、演示动画和图片、自制演示实验等,丰富和增加大学物理演示实验的类型和数量;采用课堂演示实验、集中演示实验、开放物理演示实验、基于教学资源平台的多媒体物理演示实验等多种形式的教学方法;建立和完善演示实验教学相应的激励机制,充分发挥演示实验在新形势下大学物理教学中的教学功能,激发学生学习热情,培养学生的观察、思维和创新能力.     

大学物理演示实验资源有效利用探索

物理演示实验在帮助学生理解物理理论、加深知识记忆、激发科学兴趣等方面有独特的作用。中国绝大部分的高校都建有物理演示实验室，中国矿业大学目前已建成3个物理演示实验大厅，有超过120套演示实验仪。本文探讨了中国矿业大学在物理演示实验资源有效利用方面进行的探索，比如让物理演示实验进理论课课堂常态化；让大学生参与物理演示实验仪的开发探究；对社会大众开放物理演示实验室等。分析了在探索物理演示实验资源有效利用时遇到的问题和困难，并给出了解决这些问题的可能方案。这些探讨有助于最大限度地发挥演示实验在辅助理论教学、培养学生的创新能力及宣扬科学精神等方面的作用，也可以为开设或即将开设物理演示实验的高校提供参考。     

用CCD成像方法辅助课堂演示实验

介绍了一种CCD成像方法,该方法可以实时地对较小的演示现象成像,并在大屏幕上即时展示出来.该方法可以把较大的演示教具做得较小,更便于制作、携带和存放,同时可以将原来不适合做课堂演示的实验内容扩展到课堂演示内容中,可以增加演示内容.本文以陀螺演示实验、激光光源测量普朗克常量实验及放大演示结构性演示教具实验为例,详细介绍了CCD成像法的应用.     

民办高校大学物理演示实验教学浅析

本文从教学实际出发,调查研究了我国民办高校大学物理演示实验的教学现状,分析了开设大学物理演示实验课程的重要性,并对民办高校大学物理演示实验的教学改革与创新提出了几点举措。     

发挥物理演示实验的创新教育功能

 在当前大力倡导创新教育的形势下,不少物理教师提出并努力实践着将演示实验改为学生分组实验,将演示实验改为边讲边做实验,这无疑能增加学生的动手机会,提高学生的实践能力,符合创新教育改革的需要。但从另一个侧面却反映了许多物理教师不能正确认识和对待演示实验,将演示实验教学与创新教育相对立,认为演示实验的主体是教师,演示实验只能起到激发兴趣、看看现象、调节课堂气氛等作用,只有学生亲自动手实验,才能培养创新能力。     

关于流体力学黏滞及伯努利方程演示实验

对流体力学演示实验的相关问题进行了分析,指出了理想流体概念的局限性,并深入研究了黏滞及伯努利方程两个演示实验,给出了黏滞演示实验的定量结果;指出伯努利方程演示实验的对象是中心细流管;同时,提出了消除黏滞影响的具体改进方案。     

大学物理演示实验教学模式的探讨

阐明了演示实验的概念在物理教学中的功能以及目前国内、外大学物理教学中演示实验的现状和存在的问题,对大学普通物理演示实验的教学形式进行了多方位的探讨。     

运用多媒体技术优化物理演示实验教学

利用多媒体计算机结合摄像头、麦克风等配置对物理演示实验进行优化,解决了部分演示实验中存在的能见度低、直观性不强等缺点,大大提高了相关演示实验的水平,取得了较好的教学效果.     

关于"太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系"的讨论

讨论了银道面内的引力场强分布和太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系，指出引力场强g并不是与r的平方成反比，这是由于银河系的大小和形状不能忽略造成的．强调了万有引力定律的适用条件．     

On the predictability of the positions of the convergence zones in the ocean

The disagreement between the experimental and calculated positions of the first convergence zone are known from many publications. The most probable cause for such a disagreement, namely, the incorrect specification of the input data for the calculations, is considered. The lack of simultaneity between the hydrological surveys of the region and the acoustic experiments is emphasized. The experimental data obtained by the author in five ocean regions are presented. These data characterize the diurnal variability of the distance from the source to the nearest boundary of the convergence zone. The relations proposed by different researchers for calculating the sound speed from the temperature, salinity, and hydrostatic pressure are analyzed. It is shown that these relations lead to a substantial difference in the estimated depth dependence of the hydrostatic gradient of the sound speed. The position of the first convergence zone is calculated for the propagation conditions determined by vertical temperature and salinity profiles with the subsequent recalculation of these profiles into sound speed profiles by using eight different formulas known from the literature. It is shown that different formulas lead to different values of the distance to the first zone; this difference is substantially greater than that between the calculations and experiment. The necessity of improving the recalculation relations in view of the experimental data on sound propagation in natural oceanic waveguides, including the data on the actual positions of the convergence zones, is emphasized.     

On the calculation of the bremsstrahlung in the region of the plasma frequency

On the basis of the classical theory of radiation produced in incomplete Coulomb interaction, a formula is derived for the coefficient of the bremsstrahlung of fully ionized plasma. In the region of rectilinear approximation a comparison is made with the results of the quantum formula derived from the Born approximation. Furthermore, the influence of dispersion upon the emission coefficient is taken into account; some relations for the region of dispersion are given.     

Dependence of the Intensity of the Spectral Lines and the Composition of the Sample and the Plasma Parameters of the Unipolar Arc

The investigation was made of the dependence of the intensity of Tl, Ga, Mo, Mg, Mn, Sn, Bi, Ni, Zn, Pt and Au spectral lines and the plasma parameters (temperature T, electron concentration n_e, degree of 6 ionnization α) from concentration of lithium additive.     

Extracting the wavefunction of the LSP at the LHC

We consider associated production of squarks and gluinos with the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP), or states nearly degenerate in mass with it. Though sub-dominant to pair production of color SU(3)-charged superpartners, these processes are directly sensitive to the wavefunction composition of the lightest neutralinos. Exploiting event-shape variables - including some introduced here for the first time - we are able to identify the composition of the LSP by selecting events involving a single high-pT jet recoiling against missing transverse energy. We illustrate the proposed technique on a set of benchmark cases and propose methods for applying these results in more realistic experimental environments.     

Set the controls for the heart of the Sun

In this paper we describe experiments conducted with high-power lasers that are attempting to replicate, for a very short time and in miniature, conditions found in the Sun. Experiments to date have reached conditions in the outer part of the Sun. To reach the Sun's centre requires compression of material to very much greater than solid density and heating to over ten million degrees. To achieve this, a new class of experiments and a new generation of high-power lasers are required.     

On the Question of the Source of the Apokamp

Technical Physics - The object of this work is the apokamp—a new type of plasma jet, which is formed from a bright offshoot emerging at the bending point of a channel of a high-voltage...