Ru-Ni/C催化剂在碱性介质中的析氢性能研究

氢气的高效生产和利用对构建清洁低碳的能源体系至关重要, 碱性电解水制氢是目前我国应用最多的制氢技术,但也存在能耗较高的难题。因此迫切需要寻找低成本、高性能的电催化剂用于析氢反应（HER）提高水分解效率。本工作采用沉积沉淀法合成了双金属负载型Ru-Ni/C催化剂,用透射电子显微镜（TEM）和X射线衍射（XRD）对催化剂的形貌和结构进行了表征。用线性扫描伏安法（LSV）、电化学阻抗谱（EIS）等测试了HER性能。结果显示炭载体上RuNi双金属均匀分散,在电流密度为10 mA?cm-2时过电位仅为34.4 mV且稳定性良好,Tafel斜率仅为60.33 mV?dec-1,比商用Pt/C还小。表明Ru-Ni/C催化剂展现出了优异的HER电催化活性和稳定性,RuNi双金属之间的协同效应很大程度上促进了催化剂的催化性能,该研究为发展高效的碱性电解水制氢阴极催化剂提供了新思路。     

Co-WC复合电极在碱性介质中的电催化析氢性能

Co-WC复合电极在碱性介质中的电催化析氢性能     

非晶非贵金属催化剂的研究进展及展望

近年来电解水产氢作为一种具有前景的制备及储存可再生能源的方法受到了各界的广泛关注.在此过程中,电解水催化剂是提高能源转换效率的关键.优秀的催化剂应具备高催化活性、高稳定性、低成本以及可大规模生产等性质.科研工作者对电解水的两部分反应,即析氢反应以及析氧反应均进行了广泛及深入的研究.目前,贵金属催化剂,如铂基、钌基催化剂的催化活性要高于其他元素催化剂,但由于其价格昂贵,储量较少使得贵金属催化剂无法得到大规模应用,因此发展非贵金属催化剂对绿色能源的发展具有重要意义.一般而言,催化剂的结晶度越高,其催化活性越好,而近年来非晶催化剂以其更高的催化活性位密度也越来越受到人们的重视.同时,非晶催化剂的成分更加灵活,相比晶体催化剂来说非晶催化剂可以在更大范围内对成分进行调节.此外,非晶催化剂的制备通常都在较为温和的反应条件下进行,这也能够降低生成成本,促进其工业化发展.在这篇综述里我们介绍了电解水反应的基本原理,总结了近期非晶析氢、析氧以及双功能催化剂的研究进展.并随后探讨了电解水反应目前的难点并对非晶催化剂的制备进行了展望.     

二硫化钼析氢电催化剂

电解水与一次可再生能源耦合,可同时提供洁净制氢方式与先进的能源转化技术,有望在未来清洁能源经济中扮演重要角色,而实现这一美好愿景的关键在于研发高活性、低成本的析氢/析氧电催化材料。二硫化钼(MoS₂)是颇具代表性的非贵金属析氢电催化材料,纵观其研究历程,先导性理论预测与材料设计、先进制备与表征技术的应用均在改性研究中发挥了至关重要的作用,这也从一个侧面折射出当代电催化剂的研究模式与发展趋势。本文按照重要发现与进展的时间顺序,梳理了MoS₂析氢电催化剂的发展历程,重点论述了增多边缘活性位、提高导电性、构筑基面活性位等改性策略的实施方法、效果与机理,最后从全领域总结了MoS₂析氢电催化剂的研究启示并展望其未来发展趋势。     

异质原子在碱性电解水催化剂中的作用——反应机理（英文）

构建低碳绿色能源体系是全世界追求的目标.氢气具有能量密度高、零碳排放的优势,是理想的清洁能源.目前市场上95%以上的氢气来自于与化石燃料相关的工艺,如煤气化、甲烷蒸汽重整等方法,在制氢过程中不可避免地会排放大量的温室气体.电解水制氢具有产氢纯度高、工艺简单、转换效率高等优点,还可直接与可再生能源(如太阳能、风能等)耦合,是一种很有前景的绿色制氢技术.碱性电解水,由于廉价的非贵金属基材料(如Fe、Co、Ni、Cu等)可以在电解槽中很好地工作,展现出了良好的应用前景.为了进一步提高非贵金属电催化剂分解水的催化活性,科研人员从增加活性位点数量和提高单个活性位点的本征活性两方面着手,发展新的高效电催化剂.独特的纳米结构设计能够增加催化剂的活性位点数量,进而提高催化剂的催化活性,但催化性能的提高程度有限.增加单个活性位点的本征活性是从本质上提高催化剂活性的另一种有效策略.其中,异质原子修饰是提高催化剂本征活性最有效的方法之一,它可以通过调节催化剂的物理化学性质来提高催化剂的本征活性,包括诱导相变、提高电导率、调整电子密度和建立双催化位点等.本文基于电解水析氢反应(HER)和析氧反应(OER)在碱...     

铁基阳极析氧催化剂的研究进展与展望

利用电解水制氢来储存太阳能是未来能源发展的一大趋势。 水的阳极氧化是这一过程中最重要也是最复杂的一步。 因此,设计稳定而高效的水氧化催化剂是电解水制氢的关键。 目前,研究比较成熟的是基于贵金属钌的水氧化催化剂,但由于其价格昂贵、储量较少无法大规模利用。 铁作为钌的同族元素用于水氧化催化近年来受到了越来越多的关注。 本文从铁基阳极水氧化催化剂研究现状、制备方法、催化体系及机理3个方面对电解水铁基阳极催化剂进行了综述。 分析其当前存在的问题,为水氧化催化剂的进一步研究设计提供参考。     

基于类石墨烯二维材料的析氢反应电催化剂的研究进展

利用可再生能源产生的电能电解水制取氢气,被认为是下一代清洁能源的最佳选择之一。然而,通过电解水可持续的产生氢气需要高活性的催化剂来使得反应有效地进行。基于类石墨烯二维材料的析氢反应电催化剂展现出巨大的潜力,因而备受关注。本文主要结合我们课题组近期在析氢反应电催化剂方面的研究,介绍了类石墨烯二维材料的析氢反应电催化剂的研究进展,主要包括过渡金属二硫族化合物、前过渡金属碳化物(MXenes)以及硼单层纳米片等。最后总结和展望了析氢反应电催化剂所面临的挑战与未来发展方向。     

基于铁、钴、镍金属磷化物纳米催化剂的碱性条件下电解水制氢的研究进展

过渡金属磷化物(TMPs)因其导电性好、稳定性高而被广泛认为是电解水析氢反应(HER)的优异电催化材料。 本文主要围绕基于过渡金属Ni、Co、Fe磷化物纳米材料的合成、表征、以及在碱性介质中的电催化HER性能等方面展开。 从中得出结论,在一定范围内,TMPs体系中富磷相越多,其在碱性电解液中的HER活性越高。 为以后的研究提供了方向。     

碱性介质中Ni–Fe层状双氢氧化物析氧催化剂的研究进展

电催化水裂解被广泛认为是一种非常有前景的制氢路线之一,这一反应过程包括析氢反应和析氧反应.与析氢反应相比,析氧反应涉及多步质子耦合–电子转移过程,需要较大的活化能垒和过电势,因此是水裂解反应的瓶颈. Ni–Fe层状双氢氧化物因其独特的层状结构和优异的析氧反应性能而备受关注.本文首先介绍了电催化析氧反应的机理以及评价电催化剂性能的关键参数和标准,讨论了Ni–Fe层状双氢氧化物催化剂的制备方法,随后重点综述了析氧反应性能优化策略,如构筑纳米结构、掺杂异原子、构建异质结构、负载单原子、调控缺陷位、扩大层间距等方法.最后,对Ni–Fe LDH催化剂未来发展提出了展望和挑战.     

水电解制氢非贵金属催化剂的研究进展

氢能作为零碳排放能源是被公认的最清洁能源之一,如何有效可持续地产氢是未来人类步入氢能经济首先要解决的问题。电解水技术基于电化学分解水的原理,利用可再生电能或太阳能驱动水分解为氢气和氧气,被认为是最有前途和可持续性的产氢途径。然而,无论是光解水还是电解水,均需要高活性、高稳定性的非贵金属氢析出和氧析出催化剂以使水电解反应经济节能。本文介绍了我们研究所近三年在水电解方面的研究进展,其中着重介绍了：（ⅰ）氢析出催化剂,包括利用低温磷化过渡金属（氢）氧化物的方法制备过渡金属磷化物,同时过渡金属硫化物、硒化物以及碳化物等均被成功合成并被应用为有效的阴极析氢催化剂;（ⅱ）氧析出催化剂,主要包括金属磷化物、硫化物、氧化物/氢氧化物等;（ⅲ）双功能催化剂,主要包括过渡金属磷化物、硒化物、硫化物等。最后,总结展望了发展水电解非贵金属催化剂所面临的挑战与未来发展方向。     

Recent Advances of Single-atom Catalysts for Electro-catalysis

Single-atom catalysis is the “hot spot” in the field of catalysis due to the special geometries, electronic states, and their unique catalytic performance. Single-atom catalysts(SACs), isolated metal atoms dispersed on the support, show the highest atom efficiency, cutting down the potential cost in the industrial process. Consequently, this “homo-hetero” catalyst could be a promising candidate for the next-generation catalysts. The applications for the SACs are widely reported, like gas-solid reactions, organic reactions, and electro-catalysis. In this mini- review, we will focus on the recent work of SACs on electro-catalysis, including hydrogen evolution reaction(HER), oxygen reduction reaction(ORR), oxygen evolution reaction(OER), CO₂ reduction reaction(CO₂ RR), and nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR).     

二维材料用于电催化析氢的研究进展

电催化水分解因其丰富的原料来源和环境友好被认为是一种有前途的制氢技术. 开发用于电催化析氢反应的高效电催化剂是迫切需要的. 随着石墨烯的兴起, 二维(2D)材料因其独特的物理、 化学和电子特性, 已逐渐成为水电解的潜在候选材料. 本文介绍了二维材料用于电化学水分解产生氢气的最新进展, 概括了二维材料的合成方法, 总结了改善二维材料电化学析氢性能的策略, 讨论了该领域面临的挑战和未来的发展机遇.     

Recent trends in hydrogen and oxygen electrocatalysis for anion exchange membrane technologies

This review aims at presenting recent findings in the understanding of oxygen and hydrogen electrocatalysis in alkaline electrolytes that are key processes for the emergence of sustainable energy storage and conversion devices such as anion exchange membrane fuel cells and electrolyzers. In these systems, the exchange of electrons through electrochemical reactions provides a unique pathway to reversibly convert the electricity vector into chemical one: hydrogen. A concise and critical review of advances made during the last past years in the design of catalysts is provided. Challenges and opportunities for the development of the next catalyst generation are also addressed.     

Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production in Alkaline Solutions Using Cu2O Coated with Earth‐Abundant Hydrogen Evolution Catalysts

The splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen molecules using sunlight is an attractive method for solar energy storage. Until now, photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution is mostly studied in acidic solutions, in which the hydrogen evolution is more facile than in alkaline solutions. Herein, we report photoelectrochemical hydrogen production in alkaline solutions, which are more favorable than acidic solutions for the complementary oxygen evolution half‐reaction. We show for the first time that amorphous molybdenum sulfide is a highly active hydrogen evolution catalyst in basic medium. The amorphous molybdenum sulfide catalyst and a Ni–Mo catalyst are then deposited on surface‐protected cuprous oxide photocathodes to catalyze sunlight‐driven hydrogen production in 1 M KOH. The photocathodes give photocurrents of ?6.3 mA cm^?2 at the reversible hydrogen evolution potential, the highest yet reported for a metal oxide photocathode using an earth‐abundant hydrogen evolution reaction catalyst.     

Efficient Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution Catalysis Using 3D-Structured Nickel Phosphosulfide Nanosheets in Alkaline Media

Water electrolysis offers a zero-carbon route to generate renewable energy conversion systems. Herein, a self-supported nickel phosphosulfide nanosheet (NS) electrocatalyst was fabricated at a low temperature on carbon cloth, which was then subjected to Ar etching to enhance its catalytic activity. Etching resulted in better hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance than other samples, with overpotentials of 103.1 mV (at 10 mA cm⁻²) and 278.9 mV (at 50 mA cm⁻²), respectively. The characterization results confirmed that Ar etching created a thin amorphous layer around the NiPS₃ NSs, which increased the number of active sites and modulated their electronic structures. These 3D-structured NiPS₃ NSs and their subsequent Ar etching process show promise for applications in overall water splitting in alkaline media.     

Earth-Abundant Transition-Metal-Based Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Overall Water Splitting in Alkaline Media

The depletion of fossil fuels has accelerated the search for clean, sustainable, scalable, and environmentally friendly alternative energy sources. Hydrogen is a potential energy carrier because of its advantageous properties, and the electrolysis of water is considered as an efficient method for its industrial production. However, the high-energy conversion efficiency of electrochemical water splitting requires cost-effective and highly active electrocatalysts. Therefore, researchers have aimed to develop high-performance electrode materials based on non-precious and abundant transition metals for conversion devices. Moreover, to further reduce the cost and complexity in real-world applications, bifunctional catalysts that can be simultaneously active on both the anodic (i.e., oxygen evolution reaction, OER) and cathodic (i.e., hydrogen evolution reaction, HER) sides are economically and technically desirable. This Minireview focuses on the recent progress in transition-metal-based materials as bifunctional electrocatalysts, including several promising strategies to promote electrocatalytic activities for overall water splitting in alkaline media, such as chemical doping, defect (vacancy) engineering, phase engineering, facet engineering, and structure engineering. Finally, the potential for further developments in rational electrode materials design is also discussed.     

Nickel(hydro)oxide/graphdiyne Catalysts for Efficient Oxygen Production Reaction

The transition metal-based materials have been regarded as promising electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction(OER).However,achieving higher efficiency is largely limited by the valence states of metal species.Herein,different graphdiyne(GDY)-nickel composites were designed and synthesized[Ni(OH)2/GDY,NiOOH/GDY and NiOx/GDY]as the electrocatalysts for OER.The NiOx/GDY possessing the mixed valence states can drive the OER more efficiently than Ni(OH)2/GDY and NiOOH/GDY.NiOx/GDY gives the smallest overpotential of 310 mV at 10 mA/cm2 for OER,which is even superior to commercial RuO2 electrocatalyst.Experimental results reveal that not only the fast charge transfer induced by GDY but also the prominent roles of mixed Ni2+/Ni3+valence states boost the OER electrocatalytic performances.The presence of the mixed valence state was demonstrated to be helpful for the charge transfer,resulting in the enhancement of the catalytic activity.This work may provide a new direction to design and fabricate high-performance materials for OER and beyond.