石灰岩中核爆冲击震动效应的化爆模拟

根据爆炸能量相似律,提出了采用化爆模拟核爆在石灰岩中爆炸的冲击震动效应的方法。通过对核爆和化爆分别在石灰岩中爆炸的冲击震动效应的分析,建立了化爆与核爆之间自由场峰值应力和峰值速度的模拟关系式,并利用最小二乘法,拟合出了最终的模拟表达式。经过对关系式的计算表明:拟合出的关系式较可靠,在已知化爆的基础上可近似计算核爆的峰值应力及峰值速度。     

弥散核燃料燃烧演化过程中的关键力学问题

为了实现核能的可持续发展,需要研发第四代先进核能系统,其同时具有高安全性、高经济性、核废料最小化和防核扩散的特点．加速器驱动的次临界系统（Accelerator-driven Subcritical System, 简称ADS）是具有上述特点的一种先进核能系统,弥散核燃料在其中具有良好的应用前景．弥散核燃料是一种非均质核燃料,在结构上类似于颗粒复合材料,也称为惰性基体燃料．本文主要针对ADS用弥散核燃料,给出其在反应堆高温、高压和辐照环境中的关键力学问题,阐述其所具有的多尺度和多场耦合特征,介绍在理论建模和数值求解等方面的相关研究进展,并提出研究展望．     

地下核爆诱发工程性地震实测数据分析与不可逆变形范围计算

地下核试验瞬间释放的巨大能量引起地壳能量的连锁反应,产生诱发地震等地球物理现象。本文对20世纪前苏联与美国进行的地下核试验数据进行整理与归纳,给出地下核爆炸试验诱发工程地震的范围以及激活岩块大小等。根据实测数据,指出地下核爆炸诱发工程性地震的力学本质,利用理论公式计算了地下核爆炸产生不可逆位移的临界能量因子范围,为相关研究提供理论基础和场地效应试验数据。     

Towards understanding the critical heat flux for industrial applications

Understanding CHF is of an upmost importance in many industries, especially in the design and operation of boilers, nuclear power plants, cryogenic systems, etc. Due to safety issues related to the nuclear power plants, and the adaptation of CHF as the limiting criterion of power generation, it is important to understand the mechanisms of CHF relevant to nuclear systems operation. Moreover, CHF is expected to occur during transients than steady-state conditions. Therefore, knowledge of transient CHF is of great importance for the safety evaluation of nuclear reactors under transient condition. In this paper, the existing CHF experimental and modeling studies are discussed in order to understand the phenomena leading to CHF. Also, the effect of transient conditions on CHF for nuclear fuels has been evaluated.     

核环境下的摩擦、磨损与润滑

理解核环境下材料的摩擦、磨损与润滑问题对建设商用第三代核反应堆、发展新型四代堆以及验证未来先进聚变核能系统至关重要. 服役于核岛尤其是核反应堆一回路的机械部件及材料,不仅承受运动过程中循环应力及摩擦磨损,而且还要面对高温、腐蚀和辐射等极端环境,本文中针对反应堆中核环境下结构材料摩擦磨损问题,以及核环境下润滑材料特殊需求,总结了本领域研究进展及面临的挑战,并对推进及解决核环境下材料的摩擦、磨损与润滑研究提出了展望.      

基于反应谱法的核级承压容器应力分析与评定

核级承压容器力学分析是核设备分析法设计的重要组成部分.核级承压起动空气瓶,作为核电站应急柴油机厂房中的重要设备,它的工作状况直接影响到应急柴油机厂房中柴油机的正常运行.本文对核级承压起动空气瓶进行自重、设计压力、安全阀设定压力下的静态分析、结构屈曲分析、模态分析及地震载荷下的反应谱动态分析,并对结构在各使用限制条件下的...     

核磁共振陀螺多层磁屏蔽系统优化设计

核磁共振陀螺是目前世界上体积最小的导航级陀螺。由于核磁共振陀螺通过探测原子核的宏观磁化在静磁场中的进动频率来测量载体的角速度,为获得高精度与大动态范围,需要确保静磁场的稳定性,防止外部磁场的干扰,所以必须对核磁共振陀螺进行磁屏蔽。从核磁共振陀螺磁屏蔽原理出发,通过数学计算和计算机仿真,分析和研究了多层磁屏蔽罩结构参数对磁屏蔽系数的影响,并对核磁共振陀螺磁屏罩进行了优化设计。设计的多层磁屏蔽罩磁屏蔽系数达到了106,满足核磁共振陀螺的使用需求。该工作为核磁共振陀螺仪的整体设计和制造提供了一定的理论依据和参考价值。     

地下强爆炸诱发地表塌陷的试验模拟与应用

地下核爆炸后会在地表产生下陷弹坑、塌陷带等不可逆变形爆炸后效应,利用地表形变信息对地下核试验进行有效监控和评估具有十分重要的意义。基于考虑重力影响的地下强爆炸塌陷成坑相似理论,利用陆军工程大学自主研制的地下爆炸效应真空室模拟试验装置,对2017年9月3日朝鲜地下核试验诱发的地表不可逆变形进行了模型试验。试验结果表明,地表塌陷带半径为257 m,下陷弹坑的半径为154 m,与美国、前苏联等国家已有的地下核试验经验公式的数据结果基本相当,并且符合天基雷达TS-InSar卫星监测数据的估算结果,验证了地下爆炸真空室模型试验在地下强爆炸诱发地表不可逆变形区域模拟和评估的可行性,成为有效补充地震波和卫星监测地下强爆炸的一种研究手段。     

Unidimensional SPH simulations of reactive shock tubes in an astrophysical perspective

Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is a Lagrangian method widely used for the modelling of a large variety of astrophysical fluid flows in more than one dimension. Simulations of thermonuclear explosions in stars require, besides the hydrodynamic equations, a realistic equation of state, an energy source term, and a set of nuclear kinetic equations to follow the composition changes of the gas during the explosion. The implementation of a realistic stellar equation of state, and the coupling of hydrodynamics and nuclear burning are investigated in the framework of the simple shock tube geometry. We present and discuss the results of a series of SPH simulations of a detonation in the presence of (1) a single exothermic nuclear reaction, and (2) a restricted network of nuclear reactions. Our results are compared to those of identical simulations performed by other authors using a different hydrodynamic method.     

Leakage of nuclear material powder from pressure container through a small orifice

Because of the radioactivity and toxic nature of nuclear materials, their containment within oxide matrices, encased in sealed containers, has been proposed as a suitable means for storage and transportation. However, container failures because of cracks or small orifices present a major leakage risk for nuclear materials, consequently posing a significant hazard to the environment and human beings. In this study, terbium oxide powder was used as a nuclear material representative to examine the leakage of nuclear material powder through orifices located at the base of a pressure container. The dependence of the orifice diameter, the powder layer thickness, and the internal pressure of the container on the leakage mechanism and amount was examined. A simplified model correlating the dependence of the above-mentioned parameters to determine the utmost leakage amount was also developed based on the present results. The leakage of the nuclear material powder was assessed by measuring its concentration using an optical particle counter. The diameter of the orifice determined the powder leakage mechanism, which in turn influenced the amount of leakage produced. Comparison studies showed that unlike the changes in the differential pressure, the volume of the container has little effect on the leakage amount. Under sufficiently high internal pressures, the oxide powder can be released as a fine aerosol. The work is not only crucial from the nuclear safety aspect, but is also beneficial for the safe application of powder and nanoparticles.     

核反应堆中锆合金包壳及其表面涂层的微动磨损行为研究进展

包壳的微动磨损是世界压水堆燃料失效的主要原因,因此理解核反应堆中燃料包壳微动磨损行为对核反应堆安全运行至关重要. 服役于核裂变堆一回路的锆合金包壳,不但承受着堆内高温高压冷却剂的冲刷,还面临腐蚀、强中子辐照的苛刻环境. 本文作者从机械因素、水工条件、辐照和腐蚀几个方面总结了反应堆中服役环境对包壳微动摩擦行为的影响,并阐述了事故容错燃料(ATF)包壳涂层的研究进展及其对格-棒间微动磨损的影响. 最后对核反应堆包壳的微动磨损、腐蚀磨损未来的研究方向进行了展望.      

机动方舱核爆炸冲击波动力响应和安定性分析

本文以核爆炸当量、高度、距离为参数，采用等超压圆给出了普通方舱和防核加固方舱结构在核冲击波下的安全域。研究了限制舱体倾斜的压力条件。本文还以冲击波压力的时间函数为激励，求解了方舱的动力响应。从试验结果推论和计算模拟两方面，分析了方舱承受冲击波的能力。     

In-service aging of heavy PWR components

As PWR (Pressure Water Reactor) components are submitted to mechanical and thermal loadings in addition to being exposed to aggressive chemical and nuclear environments, thay are subject to damage. Safety and reliability connected with operation of nuclear power plants are a concern. Undertaken in France is evaluating and monitoring the degradation process of PWR components for the nuclear steam supply syste (NSSS).Discussed are the schemes for in-service surveillance and transient monitoring which could assist in decision making. Nondestructive inspection is applied to evaluate damage due to cracking enhanced by corrosion, irradiation and fatigue.     

核安全导则中的地震震级划分意义

本文论述了我国核安全导则中对地震进行两级划分的意义,着重讨论了“大震”在选址地震工作中的作用。最后,结合我国地震条件提出了“大震”划分的起算标度。     

利用全元素矩张量反演方法识别地下核爆炸

将震源矩张量中的各分量作为权重因子,利用基本Green函数的线性组合可以对地震波场进行描述,本文利用水平分层模型下的广义反射-透射系数方法的地震波场正演公式,反演了苏联东哈萨克斯坦地下核试验场的7次地下核爆炸、3次震中位置相近的天然地震的震源矩张量,反演结果表明地下核爆炸震源明显含有爆炸源成分,同时包含双力偶成分（DC）和线性偶极补偿源成分（CLVD）,且CLVD成分比重大,CLVD的存在可用层裂机制来解释;天然地震震源矩张量的反演结果表明,DC源为主要成分,符合剪切位错震源模式。     

地震动速度脉冲对高温气冷堆核电厂地震反应的影响

为探讨近断层地震动的速度脉冲对结构抗震能力的影响特征,以某高温气冷堆核电厂结构为研究对象,利用有限元软件建立线性三维模型,选择4组具有速度脉冲特性的近断层地震动加速度记录及人工模拟的具有相同加速度反应谱而无速度脉冲的地震动时程分别作为地震动输入,对模型进行动力时程分析,对比在有、无速度脉冲地震动作用下模型的地震反应。研究发现,虽然反应过程中结构仍处于弹性阶段但是地震动的速度脉冲对结构的位移反应具有一定的不利影响,这一点与已有的基本认识不同。因此对于需要安装对位移反应较为敏感设备的高温气冷堆核电厂房,应充分关注地震动速度脉冲对结构反应的影响。     

Leakage of nuclear material powder from pressure container through a small orifice

Because of the radioactivity and toxic nature of nuclear materials, their containment within oxide matrices, encased in sealed containers, has been proposed as a suitable means for storage and transportation. However, container failures because of cracks or small orifices present a major leakage risk for nuclear materials, consequently posing a significant hazard to the environment and human beings. In this study, terbium oxide powder was used as a nuclear material representative to examine the leakage of nuclear material powder through orifices located at the base of a pressure container. The dependence of the orifice diameter, the powder layer thickness, and the internal pressure of the container on the leakage mechanism and amount was examined. A simplified model correlating the dependence of the above-mentioned parameters to determine the utmost leakage amount was also developed based on the present results. The leakage of the nuclear material powder was assessed by measuring its concentration using an optical particle counter. The diameter of the orifice determined the powder leakage mechanism, which in turn influenced the amount of leakage produced. Comparison studies showed that unlike the changes in the differential pressure, the volume of the container has little effect on the leakage amount. Under sufficiently high internal pressures, the oxide powder can be released as a fine aerosol. The work is not only crucial from the nuclear safety aspect, but is also beneficial for the safe application of powder and nanoparticles.     

能否提前应用聚变能？

简要介绍人类目前所面临的能源问题, 之后就如何利用核能, 能否建成完全清洁核能系统, 能否提前应用聚变能展开了讨论,最后指出了中国发展能源的战略.      

Magnetic dipole moment produced by an explosion of one kiloton of TNT

The paper reports results obtained in numerical simulation of the formation of a magnetic dipole moment by displacement of the geomagnetic field in an underground camouflet. The cases of chemical and nuclear explosions equivalent to an explosion of 1 kiloton of TNT are considered. From the calculation results it is concluded that electromagnetic measurement results can be used for monitoring of nuclear test.     

基于改进MP-WVD算法的核电厂建设爆破振动信号处理方法

针对爆破施工产生的振动问题,结合现有信号分析方法优缺点,引入MP-WVD组合算法解决信号分析过程中交叉项干扰问题,可提高时频分辨率,满足精确提取核电爆破振动响应信号时频分布特征的需求;将HHT算法引入MP算法数据的预处理,成功降低了MP算法运算复杂度,可为大数据量分析奠定基础。运用该算法对漳州核电一期工程场地平整土石方爆破工程振动监测信号进行分析,精确提取了爆破振动信号的时频特征。