平流层CDMA通信的波束分集接入方案

根据平流层通信应用多波束天线的特点,提出了一种适合于平流层CDMA通信的波束分集接入方案,应用此方案,在平流层平台上可以实现各波束接收信号的最大比合并,得到高系统容量和集成的软切换性能。     

一种用于HAPS WCDMA系统的嵌入式多波束覆盖方案

该文提出了一种用于平流层平台WCDMA系统的固定波束加可控波束天线覆盖方案。该方案根据不同用户分布,在原有固定波束中合理嵌入可控波束,并有效调整嵌入波束的位置和大小,来优化系统容量。仿真结果表明该方案能够有效地提高平流层通信系统容量,节省波束资源,并且在变化的用户分布情况下保持容量的稳定性。该方案的这种优越性尤其体现在通信热点问题的解决中。     

平流层CDMA通信系统的容量分析

针对平流层通信中利用多波束天线进行分空分复用的特点,对平流层CDMA通信系统的容量进行了分析,并考虑了有功率控制和无功率控制两种情况的区别,给出了相关的表达式。最后,通过计算机仿真得到了在特定天线条件下的系统容量。     

平流层气球载通信系统

平流层气球（飞艇）通信是近几年来出现的一种通信方式,它利用一个漂浮于地球上空２０～５０公里的平流层气球（飞艇）装载的通信平台,实现信息的传输或转发。由于该通信系统具有适中的覆盖面积、低廉的成本、安全可靠等一系列独特的优点,已经引起了许多国家的注意和重视,应用前景十分诱人。本文简单概述了平流层气球载通信系统在国内外的发展与应用,较详细地描述了该系统的各组成部分、性能特性及系统的应用前景。     

卫星通信多波束天线综述

多波束天线广泛应用于各种卫星通信系统,本文综述卫星通信多波束天线的有关问题,比较了各种方案的优缺点, 指出了有待研究的有关课题.     

平流层CDMA系统不同位置小区上行链路系统容量的研究及解决方案

分析了平流层CDMA系统位于平台下方不同位置的各小区的上行链路系统容量分布情况,仿真证明小区离平台越远,所受系统间干扰越大,系统容量越低;提出了一种平衡系统容量的方案,即在远离平台,系统容量需求大的小区采用地面基站和平流层基站协同工作的方式来降低平台基站所受的小区内干扰,从而减轻系统间干扰,增加对系统容量的影响,仿真结...     

基于平台摆动模型的平流层CDMA系统呼叫控制方案

本文分析了平流层平台摆动对HAPS-CDMA系统的影响,完善了平台不稳定性的研究,并提出摆动对小区内和对小区间干扰因子的概念,给出此时系统容量的计算方法;提出了一种用户呼叫控制方案,即:处于受平台摆动方向上的中心参考小区边缘用户的信号由相邻的两个基站同时接收的策略,来避免“乒乓切换”,仿真结果说明该方案很好的平衡了系统...     

基于实数编码遗传算法的多波束天线优化设计

为了在服务区内获得良好的多波束性能,提出了一种新的单口径单馈源多波束天线设计方法。通过采用对反射面进行赋形的方法来解决传统单口径单馈源多波束中交叠增益与旁瓣电平之间的矛盾。在对反射面优化的过程中将反射面的形变量作为优化变量,然后利用实数编码遗传算法对其进行优化从而实现更高的增益和载干比(C/ I)性能。最终利用该算法对一个服务区为某区域的多波束天线进行了优化设计和分析,仿真结果说明了该优化方法的有效性。     

一种多波束天线波束控制单元的设计

本文分析了目前多波束天线波束控制的现状,结合传统波束控制的实现方式,设计一种实现简单、成本低、便于维护的多波束天线波束控制单元,对其工作原理进行阐述。     

赋形反射面多波束天线优化设计与分析

为了以较低的技术难度实现多个点波束对服务区的高增益、低旁瓣覆盖,提出了一种新型的赋形单口径多波束天线设计方法,通过对反射面赋形来解决传统单口径多波束天线旁瓣电平与波束宽度之间的矛盾.在对反射面优化过程中,将天线口径投影面内的相位分布作为优化变量,利用基于实数编码的遗传算法对其进行调整来获得满足要求的多波束覆盖.数值仿真结果表明:在保证增益大于40 dBi、旁瓣电平低于20 dBi的前提下,该设计能够将波束宽度拓宽为1°,可有效地提高了波束交叠增益,降低了旁瓣电平.     

Hot spot relief with embedded beam for CDMA systems in haps

This paper proposes a novel micro/macro beam coverage scheme used in High Altitude Platform System （HAPS） Code Division Multiple Access （CDMA） systems. A relief of traffic burden in hot spot areas is achieved by embedding micro-beams into the macro-beams at the hot spot locations, together with appropriate power ratio control and user ratio control. The simulation results show that the hot spot problem can be relieved efficiently with the presented configuration, and a higher and more stable system capacity is expectable despite the variation of user distribution.     

CDMA蜂窝移动通信系统中的联合功率控制

功率控制技术是CDMA系统克服“远-近效应”,降低多址干扰、增大系统容量的一项关键技术.第三代移动通信系统对功率控制提出了新的研究课题.本文简要介绍了联合功率控制技术的基本概念,重点阐述了目前在多媒体CDMA系统中,联合功率控制与速率控制技术,与多用户检测技术,以及与自适应天线阵列处理技术的研究进展,并分析了目前研究中仍然存在的问题,最后指出了未来的研究方向.     

HAPS通信覆盖及链路特性分析

由高空平台(HAP)构成的信息系统将是新一代的无线通信系统,它融合了陆地和卫星通信系统的优势,又不同程度地避免了两者的缺点,在通信领域的应用得到了广泛认同,是现有通信方式的有效补充。通过重点研究高空平台站(HAPS)通信的覆盖特性、多波束小区划分方案、链路特性及功率控制等关键问题,提出了一种适应HAPS通信多波束小区划分方案,并且通过计算与仿真分析比较,说明提出方案更适应HAPS通信场景,为HAPS通信的工程实现提供了参考。     

Array Calibration for CDMA Smart Antenna Systems

In this paper, we investigate array calibration algorithms to derive a further improved version for correcting antenna array errors and RF transceiver errors in CDMA smart antenna systems. The structure of a multi‐channel RF transceiver with a digital calibration apparatus and its calibration techniques are presented, where we propose a new RF receiver calibration scheme to minimize interference of the calibration signal on the user signals. The calibration signal is injected into a multichannel receiver through a calibration signal injector whose array response vector is controlled in order to have a low correlation with the antenna response vector of the receive signals. We suggest a model‐based antenna array calibration to remove the antenna array errors including mutual coupling errors or to predict the element patterns from the array manifold measured at a small number of angles. Computer simulations and experiment results are shown to verify the calibration algorithms.     

CMA自适应阵列在CDMA通信系统的应用

由于CDMA(Code Division Multiple Access)通信系统实施了功率控制,在基带不能直接用CMA进行自适应阵列的波束形成．通过分析CDMA系统的特点,我们提出在接收信号解扩后再应用CMA进行波束形成．这种新的波束形成方法不仅为CMA自适应阵列在CDMA系统中的应用提供了一种途径,而且还能防止CMA收敛到错误信号上,从而提高系统的可靠性．仿真结果表明,与全向天线系统相比,采用CMA自适应阵列的系统性能有了很大的改善,系统的容量得到成倍的增加．在强干扰情况下,虽然CMA的干扰方向信号抑制效应变弱,但其性能改善仍然十分明显．     

双馈源双偏置结构星载通信多波束天线

为了使星载通信天线产生赋形波束的同时,又能辐射具有扫描特性的点波束满足特殊情形下的通信要求,提出了一种以单馈源赋形反射面天线为基础,利用另一个馈源进行副反射面赋形,补偿主反射面口径相位差的方法,从而形成高效率点波束,并通过副反射面及对应馈源横向偏焦实现点波束扫描的目的。为了检验方法的有效性,仿真实验了一副口径为2.2 m 的赋形反射面天线。实验结果表明:赋形波束在服务区内部的最小增益是30.0dBi,点波束在服务区内部及周边区域扫描时具有比赋形波束更高的增益,因此,所提方法是有效的。     

On Blocking Probability of Multi-Beam CDMA Systems Using SBF Array Antennas

In wireless cellular systems, a code division multiple access (CDMA) technology with array antennas can significantly reduce interferences by taking advantage of the combination of spreading spectrum and spatial filtering. We investigate blocking probabilities of multi-beam CDMA systems using switched beamforming (SBF) array antennas considering non-homogeneous traffic loading over a cell which may cause traffic congestion and introduce large blocking probability in a hot-spot area. We also propose a feasible main beamwidth deployment and a beam reassignment (BR) method to mitigate the hot-spot beam, named the hot-beam. The feasible main beamwidth deployment suggests that we can relieve the hot-beam situation by deploying the feasible main beamwidth which can guarantee below 1% blocking probability. Using the BR method, the blocking probability of hot-beam and total blocking probability over a cell are significantly reduced. Further, it is shown that the feasible traffic load ratio of the hot-beam to the lightly loaded beam is significantly enhanced when the total blocking probability of the cell is maintained below 1%. Hyunduk Kang received the B. Eng. degree in electronics engineering from the Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea, in 1997, and the M.S. degrees in information and communications engineering from the Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea, in 1999. He is currently a Ph.D. candidate in information and communications engineering from the GIST. His current research interests include performance analysis and resource management of next generation mobile communications and wireless sensor networks. Seokjin Sung received the B.Eng. degree in radio science and communication engineering from the Hong-Ik University, Seoul, South Korea in 2002, and the M.S. degree in information and communications engineering from the GIST, Gwangju, South Korea in 2004. He is currently a Ph.D. candidate in information and communications engineering from the GIST. His research interests are in the areas of adaptive smart antenna system design and analysis for moving-user environments. Insoo Koo received the B.Eng. degree in electronics engineering from the Kon-Kuk University, Seoul, South Korea, in 1996, and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in information and communications engineering from the GIST, Gwangju, South Korea, in 1998 and 2002, respectively. From 2002 to 2004, he was with the GIST as a Research Professor. In 2005, he joined the University of Ulsan where he is presently an Assistant Professor. His current research interests include next generation mobile communications and wireless sensor networks. Kiseon Kim received the B.Eng and M.Eng from the Seoul National University, all in electronics engineering, in 1978 and 1980, and the Ph.D. degree from the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, in 1987, in electrical engineering-systems. From 1988 to 1991, he was with Schlumberger in Texas, as a Senior Development Engineer where he has been involved in development of telemetry systems. From 1991 to 1994, he was a Computer Communications Specialist for Superconducting Super Collider Lab., in TX, where he has built telemetry logging and analysis systems for high energy physics instrumentations. Since joining the GIST, in 1994, he is presently a Professor. His research interests include wideband digital communications system design, analysis and implementation.     

Exploiting Macrodiversity with Distributed Antennas in Micro-Cellular CDMA Systems

We consider the use of distributed antennas to increase the capacity and peak data rate achievable in a microcellular CDMA system with limited bandwidth. In additon to the diversity against Rayleigh fading achievable by use of microdiversity among nearly co-located transmit or receive antennas, we exploit macrodiversity against shadow fading that more widely separated antennas permit. We report on antenna configurations for both directional and omni-directional antennas that provide the most uniform signal-to-interference ratio coverage, averaged over a large number of position vectors drawn from a spatially uniform distribution of mobiles. Call capacities and peak transmission rates are determined for an integrated system carrying traffic at different constant rates, where processing gain and the transmission rate are selected to satisfy a common chip rate. For the downlink a 5.5 dB capacity gain can be achieved for 64 kb/s calls using four antennas located on the diagonals of each square cell. A bandwidth of 5 MHz allows two or more calls to be simultaneously supported at data rates up to 512 kb/s, as opposed to only 128 kb/s for three co-located antennas. On the uplink we distinguish between the computationally simpler equal-gain combining of the antenna signals and the possibly more complex maximum-ratio combining. With equal gain combining we achieve a peak data rate of 128 kb/s and a capacity gain of 2.5 dB relative to equal gain combining of three nearly co-located antenna signals. With maximum ratio combining the peak uplink rate can be as high as 512 kb/s and the capacity is increased by 2.0 dB relative to the maximum-ratio combining of three co-located antennas.     

Forward Link Performance Analysis in CDMA Distributed Antenna Systems with Imperfect Channel Estimation

1　Introduction　The Distributed Antenna (DA) system has been proposedas a promising antenna architecture for the future wirelesscommunication systems[1~10].　In the DA systems, with remote antennas, the presentcellular structure is removed and cells are not divided geo graphically, but according to the user needs. That is, ac cording to the channel estimates computed via pilot signals,the Processing Node (PN) continuously measures the chan nels between the mobiles and the remote ante…