Calculation of Surface Acoustic Waves in Crystals Using the Global Optimization Procedure

The characteristics of surface acoustic waves are calculated using the procedure of searching for the global extremum of a multivariable function. This procedure is used to minimize the determinant of the boundary conditions to seek orientations in piezocrystals that are optimal from the viewpoint of acoustic-wave characteristics and to find pseudosurface (leaky) acoustic waves existing only in the vicinity of specific orientations.     

Optimal locations and orientations of piezoelectric transducers on cylindrical shell based on gramians of contributed and undesired Rayleigh–Ritz modes using genetic algorithm

In this study, the active vibration control and configurational optimization of a cylindrical shell are analyzed by using piezoelectric transducers. The piezoelectric patches are attached to the surface of the cylindrical shell. The Rayleigh–Ritz method is used for deriving dynamic modeling of cylindrical shell and piezoelectric sensors and actuators based on the Donnel–Mushtari shell theory. The major goal of this study is to find the optimal locations and orientations of piezoelectric sensors and actuators on the cylindrical shell. The optimization procedure is designed based on desired controllability and observability of each contributed and undesired mode. Further, in order to limit spillover effects, the residual modes are taken into consideration. The optimization variables are the positions and orientations of piezoelectric patches. Genetic algorithm is utilized to evaluate the optimal configurations. In this article, for improving the maximum power and capacity of actuators for amplitude depreciation of negative velocity feedback strategy, we have proposed a new control strategy, called “Saturated Negative Velocity Feedback Rule (SNVF)”. The numerical results show that the optimization procedure is effective for vibration reduction, and specifically, by locating actuators and sensors in their optimal locations and orientations, the vibrations of cylindrical shell are suppressed more quickly.     

基于SIFT特征区域的抗几何攻击图像水印算法

提出了一种基于局部特征区域的抗几何攻击图像水印算法.首先利用尺度不变特征变换在载体图像的尺度空间上提取特征点并形成特征区域,该区域具有缩放、平移不变性;然后通过主方向归一化,使这些区域具有旋转不变性;最后将水印信息重复嵌入到多个不重叠的局部特征区域的DFT中频系数中.仿真结果表明,该算法在获得较好的不可见性的同时,对几何攻击和常规信号处理均具有良好的鲁棒性.     

冲击压缩下蓝宝石光学性质的晶向效应

本文基于第一性原理计算方法,研究了a向、c向和r向蓝宝石理想晶体和含氧离子空位点缺陷晶体在0-180 GPa冲击压力范围内的光学性质.波长在1550 nm处理想晶体的折射率数据表明,在蓝宝石Corundum、Rh2O3以及CalrO_3相区,其折射率分别表现出强、弱以及强的晶向效应.波长在0-250 nm范围内理想晶体的能量损失谱结果指明,在Corundum和Rh_2O_3结构相区,其晶向效应不明显;在CalrO_3结构相,主峰附近的波段范围内,蓝宝石的能量损失谱有一定的晶向效应:c和r向的主峰强度基本相同,但a向主峰强度明显高于c和r向主峰强度.缺陷晶体数据表明:氧离子空位点缺陷对蓝宝石折射率和能量损失谱晶向效应的影响较微弱.     

Comparative analysis of the search procedures for surface acoustic wave solutions in piezoelectric crystals

Various search procedures for finding the global extremum of a multivariate target function (TF) necessary for calculating the characteristics of surface acoustic waves (SAW) and leaky surface acoustic waves (LSAW) in crystals are analyzed. The search procedures aimed at determining the optimal orientations for SAW in crystals are considered. A comparative analysis of the promising methods for finding the global extremum of the TF is performed.     

Strained orthogonal twinning texture in the high-T c superconductor Ba2HoCu3O7−x

Two types of twinning texture involving four crystal orientations have been observed by transmission electron microscopy. The first type can be interpreted by a two-stage genetic model. A coarse twin is formed in the first stage and subsequently fine twin lamellae with 30 nm average width are formed in each of the two twin individuals. In the second type, two sets of twin lamellae merge nearly at a right angle, formingL-shaped andT-shaped regions. Each of these regions contains areas having two lattice orientations which differ by about 1° and by 2° in the extreme case, but the two lattices are coherently connected. The lattice planes at the junction of anL-shaped or aT-shaped region are bent continuously. There are two kinds ofL-shaped regions having different average widths of 30 nm and 60 nm, respectively. The lamellae averaging 30 nm in width form a network of lamellae.     

Microtexture characterization of PZT ceramics and thin films by electron microscopy

Crystallographic orientations of lead zirconate titanate, Pb(Zr(x),Ti(1-x))O(3) abbreviated PZT, were investigated by the technique of electron backscatter diffraction pattern (EBSP) in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The samples included unpoled and poled ceramics and a thin film. Several hundreds of crystal orientations in the bulk ceramics and thin films were examined by EBSP and the results were plotted in microtexture pole- and inverse pole-figures for determination of the average and local preferred orientations. In addition, local textures in certain selected regions in PZT ceramics and the misorientations between the nearest neighboring grains were also determined.     

Entanglement and Optimal Dense Coding in Spin Chain with an Arbitrary Magnetic Field

The entanglement and optimal dense coding at entangled states of a 1D Ising chain in the presence of an external magnetic field with an arbitrary direction, are investigated. The entanglement concurrence and the optimal dense coding capacity are calculated for different orientations of the magnetic field. It has been found that the direction of external magnetic field has effects on the entanglement concurrence and optimal dense coding capacity. In the case of antiferromagnet, the quantum phase transition occurs when an external magnetic field is parallel to Ising orientation. The concurrence increases when the angle between the direction of magnetic field and Ising orientation become smaller at ground state in certain parameter regimes, so does the optimal dense coding. The maximum moves toward the direction perpendicular to the Ising orientation in higher temperature. In contrast, the more concurrence and optimal dense coding can be produced only in the case of an external magnetic field perpendicular to Ising orientation at zero and low temperature for ferromagnetic case.     

Synthesis,structure, and electrochemical properties of epitaxial perovskite La0.8Sr0.2CoO3 film on YSZ substrate

Epitaxial films of the perovskite, La_0.8Sr_0.2CoO₃ (LSC), for SOFCs cathode were deposited on yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) single crystals by pulsed laser deposition method. The films were characterized by thin-film X-ray diffraction measurement, atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and ac impedance spectroscopy. The film orientations depend on the substrate planes. The LSC films on the YSZ (100) and (111) substrates showed the (110) orientation with different twin structures, while those on the YSZ (110) had (100) and (112) orientations. Surface morphology of the films also depends on the substrate orientations. These films showed different electrode properties depending on the orientations. The relationships between the properties, the film orientations, surface morphology, and lattice misfit are discussed.     

Optimal Gabor Kernel's Scale and orientation selection for face classification

2D Gabor-based face representation has attracted much attention. However, owing to the fact that Gabor features are redundant and too high-dimensional, appropriate feature dimension reduction appears to be much more paramount. Allowing for each individual Gabor feature constructed by a combination of scale and orientation pair, we equate feature dimension reduction problem to optimal Gabor kernels’ scales and orientation selection problem. Genetic algorithms (GAs) have represented a useful tool for optimal subset selection. However, population premature and optimization stagnancy problems exist in traditional GAs. Here we present an improved algorithm: Hybrid Genetic algorithms-based (HGAsb), which introduces the concept of the simulated annealing into traditional GAs to effectively solve the problems mentioned above and to improve optimization efficiency. Experimental results on IMM face database demonstrate that in contrast to GAs, our proposed algorithm can provide 4.25 improvements. The distributions of orientations and scales of the selected features by HGAsb are also analyzed. Results indicate that the features in the larger scales have equal importance as those in the smaller scales in discriminating nuance of faces. The features in horizontal, vertical and 225° orientations have more discriminative power.     

Effect of the substrate crystalline structure on the magnetic, electrical, and crystallographic characteristics of La0.35Nd0.35Sr0.3MnO3 epitaxial films

A study has been made of the electrical resistivity ρ, magnetoresistance Δρ/ρ, and magnetization of La_0.35Nd_0.35Sr_0.3MnO₃ epitaxial films on ZrO₂(Y₂O₃), SrTiO₃, LaAlO₃, and MgO substrates. The first film can exist in four equivalent crystallographic orientations in the sample plane, while the other three have only one orientation. The maxima of ρ and Δρ/ρ of the first film are broadened considerably in the vicinity of the Curie point T _C compared to the three others, the magnitude of ρ itself being larger by 1.5 orders of magnitude, and a large negative magnetoresistance (|Δρ/ρ| ～ 10% in a field of 8.4 kOe) is observed at temperatures 80≤T≤200 K. In all films, the magnetic moment per molecule at 5 K is ～46% smaller than the pure spin value, due to the existence of magnetically disordered regions. The larger value of ρ of the film deposited on ZrO₂(Y₂O₃) is due to the electrical resistance of the boundaries separating regions with different crystallographic orientations, and the magnetoresistance is associated with polarized carriers tunneling through the boundaries coinciding with domain walls. The low-temperature magnetoresistance in fields above technical saturation is caused by the strong p-d exchange coupling within spin-ordered regions.     

Traveling salesman problem, conformal invariance, and dense polymers

We propose that the statistics of the optimal tour in the planar random Euclidean traveling salesman problem is conformally invariant on large scales. This is exhibited in the power-law behavior of the probabilities for the tour to zigzag repeatedly between two regions, and in subleading corrections to the length of the tour. The universality class should be the same as for dense polymers and minimal spanning trees. The conjectures for the length of the tour on a cylinder are tested numerically.     

Orientations of type II twin boundaries in B2→B19′ martensitic transformation in dynamic theory

The paper analyzes the possibility of describing the orientations of type II twin boundaries in B2→B19′ martensitic transformation in the framework of dynamic theory based on the concepts of heterogeneous nucleation and wave growth of martensite crystals. It is shown that the twin boundary orientations can be defined by strain fields in crystal contact regions characteristic of self-accommodated groups with common 〈001〉_B2 poles.     

Surface energies of the solid solutions between Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, and W

The surface energy for different surface orientations of the solid solutions as a function of concentration formed by Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, and W is computed and analyzed using the BFS method for alloys. Similarities and differences among the different binary alloys are examined in terms of strain and chemical effects.     

Etch pits in AgCl crystals

Single crystal sheets have been prepared by the capillarity method. The dislocations can be revealed with a sodium thiosulphate solution at surface orientations from two regions in the basic triangle. These are: region A around 001 pole up to ≈25°, and region B around 111 pole up to ≈pa 10°. In the remaining region C of the basic triangle the dislocations do not etch. In region A the etch pits have the shape of pyramids. In region B they are triangular pyramidal in shape. Evidence is given that the edge and screw components of annealed and fresh dislocations are revealed by etching. At surface orientations near either the {00l} or {111} planes the slip can be activated in such zones 〈110〉 that are nearly parallel to the surface of the sheets. The slip bands are then straight and predominantly of the edge type.     

Microcrack formation upon interaction of superdislocations belonging to different slip planes in Ti<Subscript>3</Subscript>Al

The interaction reactions between the superdislocations accomplishing deformation in the basal, prismatic, and pyramidal (I and II types) planes in Ti₃Al single crystals have been investigated. The types of interactions leading to the formation of dislocation barriers (microcrack nuclei) are established. The microcrack types are classified according to the orientations of the deformation axes of single crystals. Stereographic triangle regions, characterized by a preferred type of crack opening, are found.     

单目多视点立体图像提取及应用

设计并实现了一种基于广角相机和平面镜的单目多视点立体图像摄像系统,给出了硬件装置的设计指标和优化方法;同时,在研究了硬件系统的标定方法基础上,实现了其在三维测距方面的应用。多枚平面镜构成的对称斗型腔体被放置在广角相机前面,物体光线经过不同平面镜反射后,投影到相机图像平面的不同区域,在相机投影平面上生成物体多个影像,形成单目多视点投影图像。该类图像等价于视点不同的多幅图像,可以使用多视点立体视觉算法实现三维测量。     

Analysis of Modern Optimal Control Theory Applied to Plasma Position and Current Control in TFTR

The strong compression TFTR discharge has been segmented into regions where linear dynamics can approximate the plasma's interaction with the OH and EF power supply systems. The dynamic equations for these regions are utilized within the linear optimal control theory framework to provide active feedback gains to control the plasma position and current. Methods are developed to analyze and quantitatively evaluate the quality of control in a nonlinear, more realistic simulation. Tests are made of optimal control theory's assumptions and requirements, and the feasibility of this method for TFTR is assessed.     

On the orientation independence of inverse pulsed laser deposition

Carbon nitride films have been deposited in the inverse pulsed laser deposition (IPLD) geometry by ablating a graphite target in nitrogen atmosphere while the spatial orientation of the target (and substrate) normal was varied. Two different orientations were tested, in one of which the axis of the plasma plume was made to point downwards, imposing the maximum gravitational barrier on the ablated species and make them move against the gravitational field while growing the film in order to verify the extent of a possible orientational effect. The thickness distribution of films obtained in different orientations was sampled along their axes of symmetry by stylus profilometry. The results indirectly proved that the kinetic energy of the species responsible for building the IPLD films surpassed the effect of gravitational field, even in the outer regions of the films, where the ablated species were believed to be thermalised. Evidences are also provided that utmost care should be taken to keep experimental conditions, like process pressure, spot size, etc., constant in order to get reproducible results.