加速器高频D电路Q值的计算与测量

 介绍了回旋加速器高频单D型盒D电路Q值的计算与测量方法。重点对Q值的理论计算进行推导，并对计算原理进行说明。然后对计算结果和测量结果进行比较。得出的计算和测量结果基本吻合。误差产生的主要原因是计算过程中的近似和短路片接触电阻的取值，其中短路片接触电阻是一个重要因素，在设计腔体时应引起足够的重视。     

The Propagation of Elastic Disturbances in a Medium with Large Irreversible Preliminary Strains

Doklady Physics - General theoretical relations for calculating the redistribution of the preliminary irreversible strain field during unloading or elastic loading of a medium are obtained for the...     

半导体四探针技术中二维电流场电势分布有限元分析

对四探针测试半导体薄层电阻中二维电流场的电势分布采用有限元法(FEM)数值计算,并提出了计算模型。对几种常用的测试结构进行计算其电势分布证明了有限元方法的正确性。与以前所采用的镜像源法和图形变换法相比,该方法具有对任意形状的样品和任意放置探针具有同样简单和计算通用的特点。     

直流磁化测量中样品长度修正因数的分析

本文基于磁化电流在空间中磁场分布的计算,对不同长度的超导样品在测量线圈中真正排磁通作了分析,导出简单、明瞭的由检测线圈参数和样品长度所决定的修正因数。并将BiPbSrCaCuO高温单相样品截成不同长度,进行实验验证,实验结果与本文中的分析符合得较好。为小截面超导样品绝对抗磁矩的测量和计算提供了一种准确的分析方法。 关键词：     

光电相位检测技术测量楔角

介绍用莫尔偏折术及电子外差读数技术测量楔角的方法,并给出楔角计算公式。该方法引入的测量误差约为1％,且它适于小角度测量。     

The electrical resistance of platinum at repeated quenching

It is shown how the irreversible change in electrical resistance of platinum is related to the irreversible change in resistivity and dimensional changes of the samples. A preliminary interpretation is also given of the component connected with resistivity on the basis of the scattering of conduction electrons on defect formations produced mainly from the vacancies and stabilized by impurities, primarily oxygen.     

Reversible dilation of hydrogen charged zone melted iron at 25 °C

The deflection method was used for hydrogen diffusion measurement with high purity zone melted (ZM) iron and with other kinds of less pure iron samples. The results confirmed the conclusion that there is a qualitative difference between ZM iron and less pure iron samples concerning the irreversible effects due to hydrogen. The behaviour of ZM iron was studied by the deflection method for different charging conditions and it was found that the results corresponded to those obtained by the permeation method.     

阵列式阻性消声器传递损失计算模型

针对气流通道彼此独立且截面尺寸较小的直管式阻性消声器,Belov基于声波导管理论推导了其消声量计算公式,但该公式不适用于气流通道彼此连通且截面尺寸较大的阵列式阻性消声器。为此,提出了一种阵列式消声器消声量计算方法。将阵列式消声器划分为周期性排列的消声单元,每个消声单元包含1个吸声柱。分别参照扩张式消声器和直管阻性消声器计算消声单元的抗性部分(进出口气流通道截面突变处)和阻性部分消声量的理论值TL₁和TL₂。在此基础上,采用有限元法仿真得到消声器消声量仿真值TL_s,基于阻性部分消声量仿真值和理论值的比值(TL_s-TL₁)/TL₂,拟合确定各倍频带阻性消声量修正函数N_f,即修正后的消声量理论值计算模型为TL′_t=TL₁+TL₂·Nf。作为算例,建立了多孔吸声材料流阻率为11425 Pa·s/m²时适用于不同结构尺寸的阵列式消声器消声量计算模型。实测结果...     

Turbulent boundary layer on the surface of a sea geophysical antenna

A theory is constructed that makes it possible to calculate the initial parameters necessary for calculating the hydrodynamic (turbulent) noise, which is a handicap to the operation of sea geophysical antennas. Algorithms are created for calculating the profile and defect of the average speed, displacement thickness, momentum thickness, and friction resistance in a turbulent boundary layer on a cylinder in its axial flow. Results of calculations using the developed theory are compared to experimental data. As the diameter of the cylinder tends to infinity, all relations of the theory pass to known relations for the boundary layer on a flat plate. The developed theory represents the initial stage of creating a method to calculate hydrodynamic noise, which is handicap to the operation of sea geophysical antennas.     

Measurement of the resistance of contacts on semiconducting layers

A method of measuring the resistance of contacts on thin semiconducting layers is proposed. Computational formulas and relations for calculating the contact resistance and electrical conductivity of the semiconducting layer are obtained from the solution of the corresponding boundary value problem in electrodynamics. The proposed technique makes it possible to use computers for processing the experimental data obtained for the contacts under investigation. The error introduced by employing the thin sample approximation is estimated.Education Institute, Lipetsk. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 6, pp. 116–121, June, 1992.     

Measurement of the resistivity of porous materials with an alternating air-flow method

Air-flow resistivity is a main parameter governing the acoustic behavior of porous materials for sound absorption. The international standard ISO 9053 specifies two different methods to measure the air-flow resistivity, namely a steady-state air-flow method and an alternating air-flow method. The latter is realized by the measurement of the sound pressure at 2 Hz in a small rigid volume closed partially by the test sample. This cavity is excited with a known volume-velocity sound source implemented often with a motor-driven piston oscillating with prescribed area and displacement magnitude. Measurements at 2 Hz require special instrumentation and care. The authors suggest an alternating air-flow method based on the ratio of sound pressures measured at frequencies higher than 2 Hz inside two cavities coupled through a conventional loudspeaker. The basic method showed that the imaginary part of the sound pressure ratio is useful for the evaluation of the air-flow resistance. Criteria are discussed about the choice of a frequency range suitable to perform simplified calculations with respect to the basic method. These criteria depend on the sample thickness, its nonacoustic parameters, and the measurement apparatus as well. The proposed measurement method was tested successfully with various types of acoustic materials.     

用四探针技术测量半导体薄层电阻的新方案

本文介绍用四探针技术测量半导体薄层电阻的新方案。其特点是,不论对无穷大薄层还是有限尺寸小样品,都不要求探针之间的距离相等,测量结果与探针间距无关,消除了针距不等引起的误差;同时,对于矩形或圆形小样品,不需要另加边界修正,因而也不必知道样品几何尺寸,只从电测量中即可求出电阻值。 关键词：     

Electrical resistance of platinum wires during annealing and quenching in air and helium

Electrical resistance of platinum wires annealed and quenched in air and helium was measured. No irreversible changes of the electrical resistance were observed in specimens treated in helium, however, these changes were appreciable in specimens treated in air. By measurement at two temperatures the total change was divided into the change of the electrical resistivity and the change of geometrical dimensions. The changes of geometrical dimensions were interpreted in terms of the oxidation of platinum and the activation energy of oxidation of platinum was determined asE=(1.79±0.04) eV.     

变温热源布雷顿循环的功率密度优化

计入工质与高、低温侧换热器的热阻损失及压气机和涡轮机中的不可逆压缩和膨胀损失,用有限时间热力学方法,导出了恒温热源条件下不可逆布雷顿循环功率密度与压比间的解析式,借助于数值计算,研究了高、低温侧换热器的热导率分配和工质与热源间的热容率匹配对最大功率密度的影响。     

Measurement of gas solutions in small samples of intermetallic alloys

This article describes a measuring system that was proposed so as to enable measurement of the content of dissolved gas in samples, whose shape is determined by the specific requirements of the simultaneous measurements and cannot be modified to satisfy the requirements on solubility measurements. The apparatus — a dynamic UHV vacuum system — consists of a measuring chamber fitted with a heater based on electron bombardment, which permits a change in the sample temperature according to the selected schedule. The design of the heater permits reduction of additional heating in the actual measuring chamber, so that the increase in pressure caused by the action of the heater can be neglected. The measuring part of the system permits recording of changes in the overall pressure and partial pressures of selected gases in the measuring chamber. The lowest detectable amount of dissolved gas is less than 10⁻⁵ Pa m³. The results of measurement of the solubility of hydrogen in Ti and Fe aluminides in samples that are simultaneously used to measure the electrical conductivity are given as an example of the suitability of the apparatus for such measurements. This work is a part of research plan MSM 0021620834 financed by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic.     

非平行光干涉照明显微镜三维形貌检测研究

为实现表面微观形貌快速而较简单的检测, 一种使用非平行光干涉照明的光学显微三维形貌检测方法被提出。该方法使用空间光调制器对激光光束进行衍射, 选取光强相近的2个衍射级通过显微物镜, 双光束干涉可得到周期接近图像分辨率、相位可精确调节的照明条纹, 被测样本的三维形貌可通过拍摄4帧等相位差的条纹照明图像来计算得到。该方法不需借助干涉物镜产生条纹, 不需要轴向扫描装置记录条纹变化, 相位调节精确, 成像直观。此外, 该方法所产生干涉条纹的相位随坐标线性变化, 不需对条纹周期进行修正。因为照明条纹参数调节光路独立于显微成像光路, 系统装置具有光路简洁、易于调节的优点。为验证所提出三维检测精度, 以粗糙度100 nm的粗糙度对比模块和硅片为被测样品进行了三维轮廓重建实验, 实验结果显示, 所提出方法轴向重复性测量精度为8.6 nm(2σ)。     

一种基于热释电效应的X射线荧光分析谱仪

利用热释电晶体实现了一个X射线激发源,并以此激发源和高能量分辨率的硅漂移探测器构建了一个X射线荧光分析谱仪。首先通过分析计算热释电晶体厚度和靶厚度对产生X射线的影响选定了激发源的设计参数;然后测量了激发源发射的X射线本底,其能量范围在1～27 keV,包含有Cu和Ta的特征X射线,最大强度在每秒3 000个计数以上,对本底的测量同时显示出谱仪的探测器部分对Cu的8.05 keV特征峰的分辨率达到210 eV,具有很高的能量分辨率;最后使用该谱仪测试了Fe,Ti和Cr等三种单质样品和高钛玄武岩样品,测试结果表明该谱仪可以有效的分析出样品的元素成分。由于这种X射线荧光分析谱仪的各组成部分体积都很小,进一步便携化后非常适合于非破坏、现场和快速的元素分析场合。     

工质变比热对不可逆Otto循环性能的影响

用有限时间热力学的方法分析空气标准Otto循环,由数值计算给出了存在不可逆损失和工质变比热时循环功率与压缩比、效率与压缩比以及功率和效率的特性关系,分析了工质变比热对不可逆Otto循环性能的影响特点,通过分析可知工质变比热特性对不可逆Otto循环性能有较大影响,在实际循环分析中应该予以考虑,本文所得结果对实际内燃机的设计有一定的指导意义。     

An apparatus for high precision measurements of ultrasonic wave velocity

An automatic gated-carrier pulse superposition system for high precision ultrasonic velocity measurements is described, having better stability and lower cost than previous equipment. The necessary new integrated circuitry, and the method of operation, are described in detail. The principal application is to the measurement of small changes in the velocity of MHz ultrasonic waves, such as occur when materials are subjected to stress. Results are presented confirming a detection sensitivity of 1 part in 10.     

复合样品厚度参数同步辐射测量方法

 薄膜样品在实验研究领域要求样品的厚度测量精度非常高,但由于样品质量小,采用称重的方法,测量精度较差。在北京同步辐射装置的中能（4B7A）和低能（4B7B）束线上（光源能区为0.1～6.0 keV,能量分辨大于1 000）,采用材料对单能光子的透过率来确定样品的质量厚度,通过不同能点的测量值进行不确定度分析,提高测量精度,降低不确定度。利用该方法开展了复合样品厚度的测量方法研究,给出了有CH衬底的薄膜样品的厚度,通过不确定度分析得出,薄膜样品厚度的测量不确定度小于1％。