氢化物发生ICP-AES法同时测定纯净水中的砷和汞

本文建立了氢化物发生ICP－AES法同时测定纯净水中砷和汞的方法,检出限分别为As1.7ug/L-Hg0.1ug/L,方法精密度（RSD）为As 3.46%,Hg2.85%,回收率为As92%-110%,Hg90-113%。     

PMD统计模型的改进

对于PMD的研究,分段模型是较优的选择.原始模型经过数学推导, 可转化为迭代模型.转化后的模型物理意义明晰,在直观上便于看出PMD随光纤分段增加的累积过程,具有较强的移植性.理论分析指明了数值方法产生误差的缘由,给出了实用数值计算的迭代模式,对于PMD补偿具有指导意义,同时使计算变得简洁.     

高传热能力热管的理论分析及实验研究

本文从汽相通道Ｖ型槽道内液态工质的分布规律入手,对不同Ｖ型槽结构内液态工质的分布进行了分析,得到了汽相通道的温度分布规律以及Ｖ型槽结构与热管最大工作能力的基本关系,对热管在微重力条件下的工作特性进行了模拟计算,从理论上印证了实验中观察到的基本现象,并结合实验研究提出了优化热管内Ｖ型槽道结构的基本方案。     

The application of homotopy analysis method for 2-dimensional steady slip flow in microchannels

Research on micro flow, especially on micro slip flow, is very important for designing and optimizing the micro electromechanical system (MEMS). In this Letter, similarity transformation for the Navier-Stokes equation for 2-dimensional steady slip flow in microchannels is given. We provide an analytical solution for the slip flow using a powerful, easy-to-use analytic technique for non-linear problems, that is, the homotopy analysis method (HAM). The analytical solution is presented in the form of an infinite series. The effects of the Knudsen number (Kn) is discussed on the velocity profiles. It is found that the results are in excellent agreement with the existing results in the literature for the case of laminar developed flow.     

The effective diffusivity in polycrystalline material in the presence of interphase boundaries

The problem of calculating the long-time-limit effective diffusivity in stable two-phase polycrystalline material is addressed for the first time. We make use of a phenomenological model where the high-diffusivity interphase boundaries are treated as connected ‘coatings’ of the individual grains. The derivation of expressions for the effective diffusivity with segregation is along the lines of the analysis by Maxwell in . Monte Carlo computer simulation using lattice-based random walks on a very fine-grained mesh is employed to test the validity of the expressions. It is shown that, for the specific cases analysed, the derived expressions for the effective diffusivity are in very good agreement with results from the simulations. Since the pattern of behaviour is not entirely clear at present, it is difficult to guide the choice for the best expression in a given case. The equivalent of the Hart equation for this problem is also derived. This equation is shown to be invariably in poor agreement with simulation results.     

用对称的三聚物分子研究三组分纠缠和分子内能量动力学

为了建立纠缠与能量的联系, 研究了对称三聚物分子的不同初始态的量子纠缠动力学, 用共生度描述三组分纠缠,计算了三个振动模之间的相互作用能. 结果表明非简谐振动局域态的共生度与相互作用能是正关联占优,而简谐振动局域态的共生度与相互作用能是反关联占优.     

New approach for obtaining the time-evolution law of a chaotic light field in a damping-gaining process

A new approach for studying the time-evolution law of a chaotic light field in a damping-gaining coexisting process is presented.The new differential equation for determining the parameter of the density operator ρ(t) is derived and the solution of f ’ for the damping and gaining processes are studied separately.Our approach is direct and the result is concise since it is not necessary for us to know the Kraus operators in advance.     

Monte-Carlo algorithm for line-by-line calculations of thermal radiation in multiple scattering layered atmospheres

An algorithm for calculations of the longwave radiation in cloudy and aerosol slab atmospheres is described. It is based on the line-by-line and Monte-Carlo methods and is suitable for accurate treatment of both the gaseous absorption and the particulate multiple scattering in any spectral regions; other published algorithms as accurate as this can only make calculations in narrow spectral regions. It is recommended that this algorithm is well suited for radiation code validations as well as for theoretical investigations of radiative transfer in clouds and aerosols and satellite signal simulations.     

An effect of turbulent clustering on scattering of microwave radiation by small particles in the atmosphere

A coherent scattering of electromagnetic waves by clusters of inertial Rayleigh particles in atmospheric turbulence is considered. A preliminary estimate based on the Maxwell-Garnett theory and the Rayleigh approximation for single clusters demonstrates an importance of the coherent scattering contribution. It is confirmed by a general solution in a combination with theoretical estimates for the two-point probability density function for low-inertia spherical particles in isotropic turbulence. An approximate analytical expression for the coefficient characterizing effect of coherent scattering by the particle clusters is derived. The calculations for small Stokes numbers typical of water droplets in cumulus clouds yield an estimate of the coherent scattering effect on the microwave radar reflection. The model suggested allows solving the inverse problem to determine the pair correlation function for cloud particles. It is expected to be important for the investigations on particle–turbulence interaction in the atmosphere. The theoretical model developed is true not only in the limit of low-inertia particles and can be potentially used at arbitrary Stokes numbers in other applications.     

Optical theorem and Aharonov-Bohm scattering

A rigorous derivation of the optical theorem (OT) from the conservation of probability flux (CPF) is presented for scattering on an arbitrary spherically symmetric potential inN-spatial dimensions (ND). The constructed expression for the OT is found to yield the corresponding well-known results for two- and three-dimensional cases in a rather natural way. The Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect is considered as a scattering event of an electron by a magnetic field confined in an infinitely long shielded solenoid and a similar derivation is attempted for an appropriate optical theorem. Our current understanding of the scattering theory is found to be inadequate for the purpose. The reason for this is discussed in some detail.     

Entropy Generation for Negative Frictional Pressure Drop in Vertical Slug and Churn Flows

It is widely accepted that the frictional pressure drop is impossible to be negative for pipe flow. However, the negative frictional pressure drops were observed for some cases of two-phase slug and churn flows in pipes, challenging the general sense of thermodynamic irreversibility. In order to solve this puzzling problem, theoretical investigations were performed for the entropy generation in slug and churn flows. It is found that the frictional pressure drop along with a buoyancy-like term contributes to the entropy generation due to mechanical energy loss for steady, incompressible slug and churn flows in vertical and inclined pipes. Experiments were conducted in a vertical pipe with diameter as 0.04 m for slug and churn flows. Most of the experimental data obtained for frictional pressure drop are negative at high gas–liquid ratios from 100 to 10,000. Entropy generation rates were calculated from experimental data. The results show that the buoyancy-like term is positive and responsible for a major part of entropy generation rate while the frictional pressure drop is responsible for a little part of entropy generation rate, because of which the overall entropy generation due to mechanical energy loss is still positive even if the frictional pressure drop is negative in vertical slug and churn flows. It is clear that the negative frictional pressure drops observed in slug and churn flows are not against the thermodynamics irreversibility.     

甲烷固体氧化物燃料电池多物理场模拟及积碳分析

建立了相关实验电池多物理场模型,该模型包括了电化学反应的电化学势平衡方程、甲烷水汽重整的通用速率方程和描述阳极复杂组分气体输运的菲克定律形式尘气模型. 该理论模型的电流～电压 曲线与实验数据很好地吻合,验证了理论模型的有效性. 理论分析发现,低水汽含量甲烷重整反应中水汽的反应级数为1. 理论模型的数值仿真计算还给出多个物理量的详细信息. 据此对碳沉积机制进行深入分析,清楚地描述了工作电流对抑制焦炭生成的机制. 分析比较了积碳活性的两个表达式,发现它们都可以正确地定性反映积碳活性变化趋势,但定量数值并不确切;阳极扩散层降低积碳临界电流的机制也获得了解释. 值得指出的是,虽然积碳活性模型只是定性正确,但分析表明积碳临界电流的降低却可以通过积碳活性模型进行定量解释.     

基于复合干涉的光纤低相干干涉传感系统研究

研究一种能够进行远程及绝对测量的光纤低相干干涉传感系统。该系统包含两个光纤干涉仪,其中一个光纤干涉仪置于被测场中感应被测量的变化,可实现远程测量;另一个光纤干涉仪解调被测量的值。运用波分复用技术,使用于解调的光纤干涉仪同时工作于低相干干涉和高相干干涉状态。用低相干干涉信号决定被测量的幅值,对被测量实现绝对测量,并使测量量程不受波长限制;同时,用高相干干涉信号对被测量进行高精度的测量。系统的测量量程为6mm,测量分辨率小于1nm,位移实验结果的线性相关系数R为0.99。     

单轴晶体包层抛物型渐变光纤中基模功率分析

研究了以单轴晶体为包层,纤芯为各向同性非均匀材料光纤的功率传输特性.在纤芯满足弱渐变条件的假定下,按矢量场法进行了分析.针对基模讨论了包层的轴向与横向的介电常量比τ对光纤截面上功率分布的影响.结果表明,τ对低频情况影响显著,而对高频情况则影响很小.当此种结构的光纤用做单模光纤时,选用τ较大的包层材料有利于提高传输效率.     

热电子与聚变等离子体相互作用模拟计算的误差分析

对惯性约束聚变(ICF)实验条件下热电子辐照聚变等离子体（DD,DT）的射程岐离和散射进行了分析。结果表明,射程岐离和散射随射程增加近似呈直线增加;射程岐离和散射大小与等离子质量有一定关系。在单能热电子入射下,散射是计算结果误差的主要来源,误差在5%以下,绝对数在数十MA。入射束流的电子完全沉积在热斑中的聚焦角度,在边沿点火方式中,氘等离子体中为20.64,氘氚等离子体中为21.8;在中心加热方式中,氘等离子体中为16.36,氘氚等离子体中为17.6,在技术上相对易于实现。     

Simple recursive implementation of fast multipole method

In this paper we present an implementation of the well known “fast multipole” method (FMM) for the efficient calculation of dipole fields. The main advantage of the present implementation is simplicity—we believe that a major reason for the lack of use of FMMs is their complexity. One of the simplifications is the use of polynomials in the Cartesian coordinates rather than spherical harmonics. We have implemented it in the context of an arbitrary hierarchical system of cells—no periodic mesh is required, as it is for FFT (fast Fourier transform) methods. The implementation is in terms of recursive functions. Results are given for application to micromagnetic simulation. Complete source code is provided for an open-source implementation of this method, as well as an installer for the resulting program.     

Diffusion-controlled processes among partially absorbing stationary sinks

A general linear response theory is presented to calculate the zero-wavevector and zero-frequency reaction rate coefficient for particles diffusing into absorbing spheres. Allowance is made for possible incomplete particle absorption. A Faxén-like theorem for chemical reactions is derived. The problem is solved completely for a simple regular array of sinks. Exact analytic expressions for the rate coefficient as a function of sink volume fraction are obtained for the sc and fcc lattices. The case of a disordered array of sinks is also considered and the leading order nonanalytic density dependence of the rate coefficient is calculated. In both cases an increase in the rate coefficient with sink density in a local region of the system is found. The general formalism is extended to examine the modification to the particle diffusion coefficient due to the presence of the spheres. For regular arrays of spheres, the mean field result is reproduced.Research supported in part by a grant from the National Research Council of Canada.     

易于硬件实现的遥感图像JPEG2000压缩编码

讨论了易于硬件实现的JPEG2000内嵌码块编码压缩系统方案，提出了一种针对遥感图像特点的基于比特平面加权的EBCOT算法。本文算法采用比特平面提升减少遥感图像压缩中小目标的丢失问题，比JPEG2000建议的视觉加权率失真斜率提升方法相比有更好的效果。实验证明算法完全继承了JPEG2000高客观质量、分辨率渐进性、好的抗误码性能等优良特性，同时降低了T1编码器的编码时间，有利于硬件的实现，在遥感图像压缩领域具有实用价值。     

Inter-layer edge tunneling and transport properties in separately contacted double-layer quantum-Hall systems

A theory of transport in the quantum-Hall regime is developed for separately contacted double-layer electron systems. Inter-layer tunneling provides a channel for equilibration of the distribution functions in the two layers at the edge states. Resistances and transresistances for various configurations of the electrodes are calculated as functions of the inter-layer tunneling amplitude. Induced current in one of the layer by a current in the other is also calculated. It is shown that reflection at the leads causes change in the results for some electrode configurations. The results obtained in this work is consistent with recent experiments.