营养不良儿童与发锌关系的研究

报告７１例６个月至７岁营养不良儿童与对照组１３７例健康儿童的发锌含量研究结果。调查结果表明，营养不良儿童发锌含量差异极其显著．Ｐ＜０．０１，表明微量元素锌对小儿的生长发育有明显的影响，符合文献报道的关于体辞水平与儿童营养不良的身体发育障碍显著相关．为临床应用锌剂综合治疗营养不良疾病提供科学依据。     

厌食与反复呼吸道感染小儿的发锌.铜分析

测定了７５例厌食小儿、１０１例呼吸道感染小儿和１２０例健康儿童发锌、铜，结果表明：厌食儿及易感儿平均发锌值分别为８０．９０×１０－６和７５．７６×１０－６，均极显著低于健康儿（Ｐ＜０．０１）；发铜则无显著差异。发锌值在７０×１０－６以下者有６０％以上身高、体重低于正常标准。说明微量元素锌与小儿食欲、免疫功能和生长发育有密切关系。     

低锌小儿的血红蛋白与微量元素锌、铁相互作用的探讨

通过对缺锌小儿服用锌剂和铁剂后发锌和外周血血红蛋白变化,研究了锌剂与铁剂在体内的相互作用。结果表明,低锌小儿贫血发生率与健康儿童无异,常规锌剂治疗对血红蛋白无明显影响。提示缺锌小儿合并贫血时可同时用常规剂量的锌剂和铁剂治疗,无锌、铁在体内相互拮抗问题。     

广州铁路346名儿童锌营养状况分析

为了解广州铁路地区儿童锌营养水平高低对体格发育的影响，对羊城铁路总公司属下８间托幼所３４６名３～５岁儿童进行了发锌含量及体格发育状况的调查．结果提示，６０名健康组小儿发锌与身高，体重有明显正相关性．身高相关系数为γ＝０．１５０，体重相关系数为γ＝０．３４１．５０名缺锌组儿童身高、体重均低于富锌组儿童，两组身高Ｐ值＜０．０２５，体重Ｐ值＜０．００５，有显著差异．这说明锌作为亚临床营养素之一，与小儿身高、体重休戚相关．锌营养不足，可使小儿生长速度受到抑制，因此，在集体儿童体检时，应注意锌营养状况的检验，以及时纠正锌营养缺乏，避免小儿体格发育受锌缺乏的影响．     

儿童反复感染性疾病与发锌关系分析

为了解儿童反复感染性疾病与发锌的关系,测定了１２０例易感儿和１７２例健康儿童发锌。结果表明,易感儿发症平均值７．１９＊１０＾－６,极显著降低于健康组,发锌含量低于７０＊１０＾－６者体重均值以占７４．３％,低于身长均值以下占６７．２％,说明缺锌易造成儿童生长发育停滞,食欲下降,抵抗力明显下等症。     

儿童呼吸道感染与发锌含量观察

采用原子吸收分光光度法对８６例呼吸道感染患儿发中锌含量进行测定，结果表明：呼吸道感染患儿发锌含量均低于对照组，经统计学处理有显著性差异，Ｐ〈０．０１，提示微量元素锌的缺乏可能是造成小儿机体免疫功能低下，易感染性疾病的病因之一。     

4776例儿童头发锌、铜含量的回顾性评价

对４７７６例９个月至４岁儿童发锌,铜含量进行了检测分析,发现有半数以上儿童发锌降低,约三分之一儿童发铜减少。     

锌在儿童保健中的作用初探

任意以参加本院保健的３００例儿童,参照缺锌儿童和健康儿童的发锌数据,进行了缺锌儿童治疗后的跟踪调查以及临床诊断。结果表明,年龄越小,发锌低于正常值的越多;体格达标,发锌低于正常值的儿童中,有较大一部分无锌缺乏的表现,其机体内处于严临床缺锌状态。     

微量元素与儿童行为关系探讨

用原子吸收分光光度法（ＡＡＳ）测定了１４３例小儿发中锌、铁、铜、钙、铅、镁等元素含量。探讨了微量元素对儿童行为的影响。     

微量元素锌与小儿健康状况分析

对98例西安阎良一四一医院儿科门诊就诊的小儿发锌进行了测定，分析了锌与小儿健康的关系，并对低锌的小儿进行了治疗。通过治疗(药疗、食疗)症状明显好转，复查发锌正常者达85．7％。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。