Kinetics of Carbon Deposition on Hexaaluminate LaNiAl11O19 Catalyst During CO2 Reforming of Methane

In this paper, the properties of carbon deposited on hexaaluminate LaNiAl11O19 catalyst were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and in the meantime, the amount of carbon deposited on the catalyst, after both CH4 decomposition and CO2 reforming of CH4, was determined by means of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. The rates of carbon deposited on the catalyst were also investigated and the apparent kinetic equation of CO2 reforming of CH4: vc = kp0.72(CH4).p-0.55(CO2), was established by analyzing the relation between the rates of deposited carbon and the pressure ratio of CH4 and CO2.     

低Ni含量和低比表面积六铝酸盐LaNiAl11O19-δ催化剂上CH4-CO2重整反应的积炭

 利用 X 射线粉末衍射、氢程序升温还原、X 射线光电子能谱和透射电镜技术研究了在低 Ni 含量和低比表面积六铝酸盐催化剂 LaNiAl11O19-δ 上 CH4-CO2 重整反应的积炭行为, 考察了该催化剂表面积炭的形貌、来源、积炭物种及其反应性能. 结果表明, LaNiAl11O19-δ 催化剂表面积炭主要由甲烷裂解产生, 并以 Ni 的碳化物形式存在于活性中心 Ni 的周围. 根据积炭物种活化程度的难易可分为 Cα, Cβ和 Cγ 三种类型, 其中 Cα 为容易被 CO2 消除的化合碳, 而 Cβ 和 Cγ则是不易被 CO2 消除的石墨碳. 透射电镜结果表明, Cα 以碳纳米管形式分布于催化剂颗粒周围, 但金属 Ni 活性中心仍能暴露于气相中, 因而不影响催化剂的活性.     

镍基重整催化剂的抗积炭性能研究

通过对不同镍基催化剂的积炭性能考察,得出抗积炭能力大小为Ni-0.75La-BaTiO3O3＞Ni-BaTiO3＞Ni/γ-Al2O3.研究了K和Mn作助剂对镍基重整催化剂的积炭和寿命影响.表明K和Mn的添加有利于催化剂的抗积炭和延长了催化剂的使用寿命.稀土La以不同的方式加入到催化剂中,都能使积炭量减小,催化剂使用寿命延长.其中以Ni-La-BaTiO3积炭量最少,使用寿命最长.     

Ni基六铝酸镧LaNiAl11O19催化剂表面甲烷CO2的重整积炭速率

甲烷二氧化碳重整制合成气反应过程中,催化剂表面积炭是制约催化反应顺利进行的关键因素。研究催化剂表面积炭物种及积炭速率,找出影响催化剂表面积炭的动力学因素,对建立合理的催化重整反应体系,完善催化剂表面积炭的动力学理论具有重要的理论和实际意义。目前有关催化剂表面积炭速率的研究报道较少[1,2]。Ｎｉ基六铝酸盐催化剂对甲烷二氧化碳重整制合成气具有很好的催化活性和稳定性[3,4]。本文利用Ｘ 射线光电子能谱(ＸＰＳ)和热重分析(ＴＧＡ)技术,在还原态Ｎｉ基六铝酸镧ＬａＮｉＡｌ11Ｏ19催化剂表面研究了甲烷裂解积炭和甲烷二氧…     

Methane Reforming with Carbon Dioxide on Cobalt-Containing Catalysts

Cobalt- and iron-containing catalysts supported on MgO, ZrO₂, -, -, and -Al₂O₃ were synthesized and studied in the CO₂ reforming of methane. The CoO/-Al₂O₃ systems are the most active and stable. The dependence of the catalytic activity and the degree of reduction on the amount of supported CoO was studied. In the active catalysts, CoO is weakly bound to the support and can readily be reduced to metal cobalt. Coke formed in the course of the reaction does not affect the activity of the CoO/-Al₂O₃ catalyst.     

LaNiAl11O19催化剂上甲烷与二氧化碳重整反应的研究

目前用于甲烷与二氧化碳重整反应研究的催化剂主要是负载镍及贵金属的催化剂，在较高的反应温度下，这类催化剂的载体和金属容易烧结，而且相互之间容易发生因相反应，从而导致催化剂失活[1.2]．因此，我们从高温稳定的载体材料人手，选择具有六铝酸盐结构的复合氧化物作为催化剂的基质材料，将镍离子镶嵌在复合氧化物特定的晶格位置上，一方面可提高镍离子的分散度和抗烧结能力，另一方面可以通过离子调变，改变催化剂表面酸碱性，提高催化剂抗积炭性能．实验结果表明，LaNiAl11O19不仅具有较高的甲烷与二氧化碳重整反应活性，而且镍离子…     

Ni取代六铝酸镧催化剂LaNiAl_(11)O_(19)表面积炭研究

通过 TEM、XPS、TGA、TPR-CO2 技术 ,对在 Ni取代六铝酸镧催化剂 La Ni Al1 1 O1 9表面上的甲烷裂解积炭、甲烷二氧化碳重整积炭及二氧化碳的消炭行为进行了研究 ,以探索该催化剂表面积炭形貌、来源、积炭物种以及积炭活性 .结果表明 ,甲烷具有相当高的裂解积炭活性 ,裂解后生成炭化物 ( carbide炭 )和石墨炭两种不同活性的炭种 ;二氧化碳的解离活性则相对较低 ,但其消除催化剂表面积炭活性却相当高     

Ni取代六铝酸镧催化剂LaNiAl11O19表面积炭研究

甲烷;二氧化碳重整;Ni取代六铝酸镧催化剂LaNiAl11O19表面积炭研究     

六铝酸盐催化剂上甲烷与二氧化碳重整反应的研究

合成了具有磁铅石结构的Sr_1-xLaxNiAl₁₁O₁₉系列催化剂,并用XRD、UV-DRS、H₂-O₂滴定及Py-IR等方法对其体相及表面性质进行了表征,考察了甲烷与二氧化碳重整反应活性及积炭性.结果表明,La³⁺离子能够同晶取代Sr²⁺离子进入催化剂晶格内部,使催化剂的结晶度提高,还原性降低,同时降低了催化剂表面的酸性,有助于提高催化剂的抗积炭能力.     

Carbon Dioxide Reforming of Methane to Synthesis Gas Over Ni/MgO-Al2O3-AlPO4 Catalysts

Carbon dioxide reforming of methane to synthesis gas was studied over Ni/MgO-Al₂O₃-AlPO₄ catalysts. The conventional Ni/Al₂O₃ and Ni/MgO-Al₂O₃ catalysts were included for comparison. These catalysts were characterized by nitrogen adsorption and hydrogen chemisorption. The results show that Ni/MgO-Al₂O₃-AlPO₄ was more active than the other two catalysts especially at high reaction temperatures. MgO-Al₂O₃-AlPO₄ has a large pore diameter with a very uniform pore size distribution. It can overcome the pore diffusion effect under high temperature reaction conditions.     

Tungsten Promoted Ni／Al2O3 Catalysts for Carbon Dioxide Reforming of Methane to Synthesis Gas

A series of tungsten promoted alumina supported nickel catalysts has been prepared for the carbon diox-ide reforming of methane to synthesis gas. The catalysts have been characterized by means of XRD, TEM,and Laser Raman spectroscopy. It is shown that the addition of tungsten to the nickel catalyst can stabilize the catalyst and increase the resistance to carbon deposition. Adding a suitable amount of tungsten can also increase the catalyst activity to be close to that of supported noble metal catalysts. The carburisation of the tungsten modified nickel catalyst decreases the catalyst activity at lower reaction temperatures (＜1123K),but has no effect on the catalyst performance at higher reaction temperatures. The alumina supported nickel catalyst modified by 0. 67% (mass fraction) WO3 has the equivalent equilibrium constant of the dry reforming reaction to that of alumina supported 5% (mass fraction) Ru at 873 K, and also has a lower activation energy for dry reforming than the latter.     

Co/Al2O3催化剂上积炭的研究

甲烷的二氧化碳重整制合成气是近年来甲烷催化转化的一个重要方面,而所用催化剂的积炭问题仍是影响催化剂活性和寿命的主要因素之一．近年来,对催化剂表面的积炭形式有一些报道［１］,但对积炭的种类及其与催化剂活性的关系很少有报道．本文从经低温焙烧的Ｃｏ／Ａｌ２...     

Autothermal Reforming of Methane over Ni Catalysts Supported on CuO-ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3

Ni catalysts supported on various mixed oxides of Al2O3 with rare earth oxide and transitional metal oxides were synthesized. The studies focused on the measurement of the autothermal reforming of methane to hydrogen over Ni catalysts supported on the mixed oxide ZrxCe30-xAl70Oδ (x=5, 10, 15). The catalytic performance of Ni/Zr10Ce20Al70Oδ was better than that of other catalysts. XRD results showed that the addition of Zr to Ni/Ce30Al70Oδ prevented the formation of NiAl2O4 and facilitated the dispersion of NiO. Effects of CuO addition to Zr10Ce20Al70Oδ were also investigated. The activity of Ni catalyst supported on CuO-ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3 was somewhat affected and the Ni/Cu5Zr10Ce20Al65Oδ showed the best catalytic performance with the highest CH4 conversion, yield of H2, selectivity for H2 and H2/CO production ratio in operation temperatures ranging from 650 to 750℃.     

Syngas Production by Methane Reforming with Carbon Dioxide on Noble Metal Catalysts

A series of noble metal catalysts (Ru, Rh, Ir, Pt, and Pd) supported on alumina-stabilized magnesia (Spinel) were used to produce syngas by methane reforming with carbon dioxide. The synthesized catalysts were characterized using BET, TPR, TPO, TPH, and H2S chemisorption techniques. The activity results showed high activity and stability for the Ru and Rh catalysts. The TPO and TPH analyses indicated that the main reason for lower activity and stability of the Pd catalyst was the formation of the less reactive deposited carbon and sintering of the catalyst.     

Carbon Dioxide Reforming of Methane over Ni Catalysts Supported on Al2O3 Modified with La2O3, MgO, and CaO

The preparation of synthesis gas from carbon dioxide reforming of methane (CDR) has attracted increasing attention. The present review mainly focuses on CDR to produce synthesis gas over Ni/MO_x/Al₂O₃ (X = La, Mg, Ca) catalysts. From the examination of various supported nickel catalysts, the promotional effects of La₂O₃, MgO, and CaO have been found. The addition of promoters to Al₂O₃-supported nickel catalysts enhances the catalytic activity as well as stability. The catalytic performance is strongly dependent on the loading amount of promoters. For example, the highest CH₄ and CO₂ conversion were obtained when the ratios of metal M to Al were in the range of 0.04–0.06. In the case of Ni/La₂O₃/Al₂O₃ catalyst, the highest CH₄ conversion (96%) and CO₂ conversion (97%) was achieved with the catalyst (La/Al = 0.05 (atom/atom)). For Ni/CaO/Al₂O₃ catalyst, the catalyst with Ca/Al = 0.04 (atom/atom) exhibited the highest CH₄ conversion (91%) and CO₂ conversion (92%) among the catalysts with various CaO content. Also, Ni/MgO/Al₂O₃ catalyst with Mg/Al = 0.06 (atom/atom) showed the highest CH₄ conversion (89%) and CO₂ conversion (90%) among the catalysts with various Mg/Al ratios. Thus it is most likely that the optimal ratios of M to Al for the highest activities of the catalysts are related to the highly dispersed metal species. In addition, the improved catalytic performance of Al₂O₃-supported nickel catalysts promoted with metal oxides is due to the strong interaction between Ni and metal oxide, the stabilization of metal oxide on Al₂O₃ and the basic property of metal oxide to prevent carbon formation.     

MCM-41 Supported Nickel Catalysts for Carbon Dioxide Reforming of Methane

There has been an increasing interest in the conversion of methane and carbon dioxide into synthesis gas^[1]. High performance Ni-based catalysts have attracted much attention^[2-4]. In this study, MCM-41 supported nickel were used as catalysts for carbon dioxide reforming of methane. It is found that the obtained catalyst exhibited high activity for getting syngas with its ratio of unity.In contrast to the performance of other nickel-based catalysts; Ni/MCM-41 has higher conversion and yield at lower temperature. The effects of nickel loading, particle size, GHSV, and calcination temperature on catalytic activities were also investigated.     

甲烷与二氧化碳催化重整制取合成气催化剂

甲烷自然资源丰富,并且也可利用生物质通过发酵制备,而将甲烷与二氧化碳催化重整制取合成气是同时利用两种温室气体的一条有效途径,对清洁能源和环保具有重大意义。近年来,由于该方法与其他技术相比具有较大优势,催化剂、反应机理及一些非常规手段的研究引起了科学界广泛关注。本文概述了近几年来甲烷与二氧化碳催化重整催化剂的活性组分、载体、助催化剂、催化剂积炭行为及制备方法等研究新进展,归纳了影响催化剂抗积炭能力的因素,重点介绍了负载型双金属催化剂、复合氧化物催化剂、介孔型催化剂、金属氧化物载体的活性及稳定性,催化剂制备方法对催化活性和抗积炭能力的影响,催化剂抗积炭方法及等离子体技术的应用等研究,包括普遍认为反应主要受到表面氧原子、表面氢原子与催化剂表面活性位三者影响的反应机理,并展望了双金属催化剂、钙钛矿型催化剂、介孔型催化剂及等离子体协同催化技术的应用及催化机理的研究等发展前景。     

CH4、CO2与O2制合成气催化剂研究Ⅵ.催化剂表面积炭种类和积炭动力学研究

利用XPS考察了甲烷、二氧化碳和氧气制合成气反应前后Ni/γ-Al2O3和Ni-Ce-Mn-Li/γ-Al2O3催化剂表面炭物种.发现反应后Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂表面积炭有四种类型-表面碳酸盐、污染炭、金属炭化物和非活性炭,而高活性和稳定性Ni-Ce-Mn-Li/γ-Al 2O3催化剂表面积炭仅有两种类型--污染炭和金属炭化物.非活性炭是导致催化剂失活的主要原因之一.积炭动力学研究表明: Ni-Ce-Mn-Li/γ-Al 2O 3催化剂上积炭反应的动力学方程为: r0=A·e(-E)/(RT)·PCH41.1·PO2-0.45·PO2-1.80,该催化剂积炭反应的表观活化能较高,从而抑制积炭反应的进行.     

CH4/CO2重整Ni基催化剂制备与催化性能的关系

用四种浸渍程序制备Ｎｉ－Ｍｇ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂,其ＣＨ４／ＣＯ２重整制合成气的活性和积炭量的测试表明真空浸渍法最好,其次是二次不等量浸渍。现场ＣＯ歧化和ＣＨ４解离积炭实验表明,Ｎｉ基催化剂的积炭主要从反应生成物ＣＯ的歧化而来     

用于甲烷分解和甲烷二氧化炭重整的碳材料催化剂研究进展

The decomposition and CO2 reforming of methane,respectively,are promising alternatives to industrial steam methane reforming. In recent years,research has been focused on the development of catalysts that can operate without getting deactivated by carbon deposition,where,in particular,carbon catalysts have shown positive results. In this work,the role of carbon materials in heterogeneous catalysis is assessed and publications on methane decomposition and CO2 reforming of methane over carbon materials are reviewed. The influence of textural properties(BET surface area and micropore volume,etc.) and oxygen surface groups on the catalytic activity of carbon materials are discussed. In addition,this review examines how activated carbon and carbon black catalysts,which are the most commonly used carbon catalysts,are deactivated. Characteristics of the carbon deposits from methane are discussed and the influence of the reactivity to CO2 of fresh carbon and carbonaceous deposits for high and steady conversion during CO2 reforming of CH4 are also considered.