The nonlinear refraction and absorption dependence on the thermal effect for 4 ns pulse duration in binuclear Zn(II) phthalocyanine solution

The influence of thermal effect on the third-order nonlinear optical properties of binuclear Zn(II) phthalocyanine in chloroform solution was studied. The nonlinear refraction and absorption of the sample was measured by using Z-scan technique with 4 ns laser pulses at 532 nm wavelength. The opposite signs of the effective nonlinear refraction index were observed by changing the focal length of focusing lens from 10 cm to 20 cm in the experimental setup. Changing the focusing lens increased the beam waist radius from 7 μm to 20 μm. The nonlinear absorption coefficient was reduced about 200 times based on changing the fluence or beam waist radius. The drastic changes in the third-order nonlinear optical parameters were attributed to thermal effect. To investigate the role of thermal effects even further the effective nonlinear refraction and absorption coefficients were studied by using different repetition rates, input powers and concentrations.     

飞行光学导光系统中的空气热透镜效应

研究了激光加工用大功率ＣＯ２激光束在飞行光学导光系统中传输所产生的空气热透镜效应。实验发现当飞行光学导光系统中的空气静止时将产生空气热透镜效应,而充以一定压力的压缩空气却可以消除空气热透镜效应,实验表明无热透镜效应时,光束遵循高斯光束传输规律,而秀热透镜效应时,光束偏离高斯光束的传输规律,并影响到激光束聚焦焦点的大小和位置。另外通过激光空气热透镜效应的非线性模型计算了热透镜效应所引起的光束传输相对     

Thermal diffusivity study of cheese fats by thermal lens detection

In this paper we used thermal lens spectrometry to determine the thermal diffusivity of cheese fats. We have used equal concentrations of cheese fats from oaxaca, chihuahua, gouda, manchego and mozzarella cheeses at 42°C temperature. The two lasers mismatched mode experimental configuration was used with a He-Ne laser, as a probe beam and an Ar⁺ laser as the excitation one. The characteristic time constant of the transient thermal lens was obtained by fitting the theoretical expression to the experimental data in order to obtain the thermal diffusivity of the cheese fat samples. This measured thermal property may contribute to a better understanding of the cheese fats quality, which is very important in food industry.     

Pyroelectric effect induced by the built-in field of the p-n junction in the quantum paraelectric PbTe: experimental study

We report here the first observation of a pyroelectric effect in a nonpolar semiconductor. This effect originates in the temperature-dependent electric dipole of the PbTe p-n junction. The junction was illuminated by a chopped CO(2) laser beam, and periodic and single-pulse pyroelectric signals were observed and measured as a function of temperature, reverse bias voltage, and chopper frequency. The measured pyroelectric coefficient is approximately 10(-3) microC/cm(2) K in the region of 40-80 K. The theoretical model describes quantitatively all experimental features. The time evolution of the temperature inside the junction region was reconstructed.     

热效应对克尔自锁模激光腔的影响

讨论了克尔透镜锁模激光腔中热效应对锁模的影响，用数值解法给出了存在热效应时腔中光斑半径随归一化功率的变化曲线。同时给出了存在热效应时光斑半径对归一化功率的相对敏感度参数。     

热散焦效应对甲烷后向受激喇曼散射的影响

采用单纵模Nd:YAG二倍频激光泵浦,研究了CH4气体中的受激喇曼散射．实验发现,当激光的重复频率为2 Hz,1．1 MPa CH4中,泵浦能量为95 mJ时,后向一级斯托克斯(BS1)的量子转化效率可达73％,并且由于激光脉冲的张弛振荡,BS1的脉宽被压窄到1．2 ns,峰值功率达到了泵浦光功率的2．7倍,其光束质量大大优于泵浦光．在同样条件下,而重复频率为10 Hz时,BS1的量子转化效率降低为36％,但对光束质量影响不大,这是因为BS1呈现为与泵浦光波前翻转的复制光波,可以补偿热畸变．研究结果表明,如果设计一个CH4／He混合气体的带封闭循环冷却系统的高性能630 nm喇曼激光器,可能有其实际应用价值．     

Measurement of the moments of the relaxation time spectrum of a liquid by pulsed acoustic spectroscopy

On the basis of theoretical results describing the propagation of short acoustic pulses in relaxation media, the temporal characteristics of a signal that carry the information on the first five moments of the relaxation time spectrum (RTS) are determined. The measurement of these characteristics forms the basis of the proposed variant of pulsed acoustic spectroscopy of relaxation media. An experimental setup was developed in which short acoustic pulses were excited by a neodymium glass laser. Test measurements of RTS moments for an acetic acid, the liquid with a single relaxation time, are carried out.     

棒状钕玻璃热容激光器热透镜自平衡补偿方法分析

针对热容激光器的热透镜效应,给出了棒状钕玻璃热容激光器的热透镜公式表达式。理论上分析了热透镜焦距自平衡补偿方法的基本原理。在考虑了棒状钕玻璃热容激光器的具体特性的基础上,设计了一种简单的热透镜焦距自平衡补偿方法,使光抽运钕玻璃热容激光器在热透镜焦距变化情况下,可以使激光输出光斑大小稳定。为了解棒状热容激光器热透镜焦距的影响,利用自研的光栅型曲率传感器测量了热容激光器总的热透镜等效焦距的大小,结果表明热传导在抽运光发射完20 s左右后才建立热平衡产生了明显的热透镜效应; 随着抽运脉冲个数的增加,热透镜效应随之变大。     

微变形镜补偿激光器腔内热畸变的研究

大功率激光器中由增益介质热畸变产生热透镜效应,导致激光器的性能下降.采用基于MEMS技术加工的微变形反射镜作为激光器谐振腔的一部分,能实时补偿热透镜效应,提高激光器的输出功率.推导了热畸变与微变形镜镜面形变量、反射镜驱动单元上电压的关系并进行了实验.实验结果表明,在初始功率为287 mW、383 mW、482 mW和800 mW的情况下使用微变形镜进行补偿,可以将功率提高到437 mW、710 mW、894 mW和993 mW,在理论和实验上证明了使用微变形镜可以改善激光器腔内热畸变.     

多晶碲化锌薄膜载能子超快动力学实验研究

利用双波长飞秒激光抽运-探测实验方法测量了掺氮多晶ZnTe薄膜在飞秒激光加热情况下载能子超快动力学过程. 采用包含电子弛豫过程和晶格加热过程的理论模型拟合实验数据, 二者符合得很好. 拟合得到10 ps以内影响掺氮多晶ZnTe薄膜表面超快反射率变化的三个弛豫过程的时间常数均为亚皮秒量级. 其中, 正振幅电子弛豫过程是由电子-光子相互作用引起的载流子扩散和带间载流子冷却过程, 负振幅电子弛豫过程是由缺陷造成的光激载能子的俘获效应引起的, 晶格加热过程主要通过电子-声子耦合过程进行的.     

大气环境下基于目标照明回光的视轴误差校正实验研究

理论分析了激光瞄准系统中视轴误差与目标照明回光的关系. 介绍了同时具备激光束发射与瞄准偏差校正功能的自适应光学器件––自适应光纤准直器的原理. 搭建了光束经200 m水平大气传输的激光瞄准实验平台. 基于二维目标和三维目标的照明回光, 利用随机并行梯度下降算法分别实现了不同初始视轴误差下的瞄准闭环校正. 实验结果表明, 闭环后二维目标和三维目标的视轴校正残差评价参数分别小于6%和10.8%, 校正精度均在理论范围内. 最后, 分析了算法参数对动目标瞄准的影响.     

Asymmetric coherent rainbows induced by liquid convection

Coherent rainbows can be formed by focusing white-light laser into liquids. They are bilaterally symmetric interference rings with various shapes. Such interference rings arise from the temperature distribution of the liquid induced by laser heating, i.e., thermal lens effect, which changes the refractive index locally and thus the optical path difference. The up-down asymmetry of the interference rings is caused by convection in the liquid. With the increase of the viscosity, the interference rings change their shape from oval to circular shape. After a shutter is opened and the laser shines into the liquid, the interference rings are circular at the beginning. As time goes on, they gradually turn into an oval shape. Let the liquid go a free-fall at the beginning, the interference rings remain circular. All the three experiments have confirmed that the asymmetric interference rings are due to convection in the liquid associated with thermal lens effect. We also numerically simulate the two-dimensional heat conduction with and without convection, whose results agree well with our experimental observations.     

Pulsed-laser Pumped Photothermal Deflection Spectroscopy for Liquid Thermal Diffusivity Measurement

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Biphotonic effect of azo-dye-doped liquid crystals using the sequential Z-scan technique

This study investigates the biphotonic effect of azo-dye-doped liquid crystals (ADDLCs) using the sequential Z-scan technique. A spot on the sample is illuminated by a green light for 6 s, and then the same spot is illuminated simultaneously with a red light and a green light for 6 s. Measurements are made by scanning the sample near the beam waist of the green laser. The results show that the biphotonic effect is important to the nonlinear coefficient of the sample. The variations of the optical Kerr constant with intensity of red light are measured. Measurement results demonstrate that the molecular reorientation of liquid crystals induced by the photoisomerization of the azo dyes dominates at low red-light intensity, but the thermal effect compensates for the molecular reorientational nonlinearity of the sample at high red-light intensity.     

Investigation of nonlinear absorption and aggregation in aqueous solutions of rhodamine B using thermal lens technique

Thermal lensing effect was studied in aqueous solutions of rhodamine B using 532 nm, 9 ns pulses from a Nd:YAG laser. A low intensity He-Ne laser beam was used for probing the thermal lens. Results obtained show that it is appropriate to use this technique for studying nonlinear absorption processes like two photon absorption or excited state absorption and for analyzing dimerization equilibria.     

薄片激光器热效应及其对输出功率的影响

建立了光强分布为高斯型的抽运光端面单程抽运时薄片激光器的温度模型, 实验测量了不同抽运功率下薄片介质表面的 温度分布、温度随时间的变化特性以及介质表面的温度差. 采用Hartmann法测量了薄片介质的热焦距. 考虑热焦距随抽运功率的变化, 基于四能级系统薄片激光器的速率方程组, 建立了薄片激光器热效应对输出功率影响的物理模型, 薄片激光器输入-输出功率曲线与实际相符. 所得结果对薄片激光器的设计和优化具有一定的指导意义.     

Simultaneous measurement of pure-optical and thermo-optical nonlinearities induced by high-repetition-rate, femtosecond laser pulses: application to CS2

A simple experimental technique is presented capable of separating the contribution of purely optical Kerr effects from that of thermo-optical effects in the nonlinear response of materials under high-repetition-rate laser irradiation. The technique has been realized by combining the single-beam Z-scan method with the single-beam thermal lens measurement method. We demonstrate this technique by analysing the nonlinear response at 770 nm of CS₂ which exhibits cumulative thermal effects when irradiated by very intense femtosecond laser pulses at a 76-MHz repetition rate. Received: 3 November 1998 / Revised version: 4 January 1999 / Published online: 2 June 1999     

Thermal lens and its effects in copper-vapor lasers

We have analyzed and measured the thermal lens of the copper-vapor laser by considering both its windows and active medium. The equivalent combined focal length varies with operation parameters and it is sensitive to the laser geometry. The results are verified by our measurements on a 20 W device with 35 mm internal diameter tube. The thermal lens effects on the beam properties are analyzed and verified with the experiments for both oscillator and laser chain case.