Finite temperature formalism for composite quantum particles

This Letter provides the missing part of the newly constructed many-body formalism for composite quantum particles: the introduction of a finite temperature. The finite T formalism we propose deeply relies on the existence of a compact closure relation for the (overcomplete) set of N-composite-particle states. As a first application, we here calculate the energy mean value of the exciton gas outside the condensation regime. We show that carrier exchanges increase its temperature dependence compared to elementary bosons, a signature of the degree-of-freedom increase resulting from the particle composite nature.     

H3O+, NO+和O+·2离子同九种烷氧基醇化合物反应的研究

在用选择离子流动管质谱(SIFT-MS)分析常用指甲油清洗垫发现大量4-丁酸内脂(γ-butyrolactone, GBL)和2-丁氧基乙醇(2-butoxy-1-ethanol)等挥发性气体后, 运用选择离子流动管(SIFT)对H3O , NO 和O ·2离子同九种烷氧基醇化合物(R1-O-R2OH)之间的反应进行了研究. 获得了这些反应在潮湿空气条件下进行的情况, 并运用产物离子水合物的种类和分布来确认产物离子的结构和反应机理. 还研究了在不同载气压力下进行的反应. 结果表明, 这些化合物同H3O 和NO 的反应都是先生成初生态离子-分子络合物, (H3O .M)*和(NO .M)*, 然后经不同反应渠道生成各种离子产物. 这些初生态络合物同反应体系中存在的气体分子(如氦气, 氮气和氧气分子)的碰撞对最终离子产物的形成和分布也有影响. 这些化合物同O2 ·反应会生成各种离解碎片离子, 但不能确定这些离子是否经由初生态络合物(O2 ·.M)*生成. 该项研究提供了用SIFT-MS在空气和潮湿气体中分析这些化合物所需的反应速率常数和离子产物等动力学数据, 并将进一步应用到药物成瘾及滥用和呼吸道疾病的诊断和分析等领域.     

Excitons dressed by a sea of excitons

We here consider an exciton i embedded in a sea of N identical excitons 0. If the excitons are taken as true bosons, a bosonic enhancement factor N is found for i=0. If the exciton composite nature is kept, this enhancement not only exists for i=0, but also for any exciton having a center of mass momentum equal to the sea exciton momentum. This physically comes from the fact that an exciton with such a momentum can be transformed into a sea exciton by Pauli scattering, i.e., carrier exchange with the sea, making this exciton i not so much different from a sea exciton. This possible scattering, directly linked to the composite nature of the excitons, is irretrievably lost when the excitons are bosonized. The underlying interest of this work is in fact the calculation of the scalar products of N-exciton states, which turns out to be quite tricky, due to possible carrier exchanges between excitons. This work actually constitutes a crucial piece of our many-body theory for interacting composite bosons, because all physical effects involving composite bosons ultimately end by the calculation of such scalar products. The skeleton diagrams we here introduce to represent them, allow to visualize many-body effects linked to carrier exchanges in an easy way. They are conceptually different from Feynman diagrams, because of the special feature of the Pauli scatterings which originate from boson statistics departure.     

K7[P2Mo4W13M(H2O)O61]及其有机复合材料的合成及光谱研究

用降解法制得了Dawson结构铬、铁取代的磷钼钨酸钾,并将其与溴化(E)-N-丁基-4-(2-(4-二甲氨基苯基)乙烯基)吡啶反应制备了有机复合材料.通过元素分析和TG-DTA确定了配合物的组成分别为K7[P2Mo4W13M(H2O)O61](M=Cr(1),Fe(2))和(C19H25N2)6K3[P2Mo4W13MO62](M=Cr(3),Fe(4)).利用红外光谱、紫外-可见光谱、固体漫反射紫外-可见-近红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱以及荧光光谱对上述化合物进行了表征,并研究了复合材料中无机与有机组分间的相互作用及其荧光性质.     

Encryption test of pseudo-aleatory messages embedded on chaotic laser signals: An information theory approach

In this Letter, we make use of two information-theory based indicators to measure the goodness of two encryption schemes commonly used within the context of chaotic communications. In particular, we have shown that the computation of the normalized Shannon entropy and the MPR-Statistical Complexity measure [M.T. Martín, A. Plastino, O.A. Rosso, Phys. Lett. A 311 (2003) 126, P.W. Lamberti, M.T. Martín, A. Plastino, O.A. Rosso, Physica A 334 (2004) 119] for different chaotic laser signals can lead to statistically significant criteria to assess the quality of several encryption techniques. The proposed measures allow, in some cases, to detect the presence of a message embedded within a chaotic carrier. They also reveal that the Chaos Modulation scheme is more reliable from the statistical point of view, when compared with the Chaos Shift Keying.     

The exciton many-body theory extended to any kind of composite bosons

We have recently constructed a many-body theory for composite excitons, in which the possible carrier exchanges between N excitons can be treated exactly through a set of dimensionless “Pauli scatterings” between two excitons. Many-body effects with free excitons turn out to be rather simple because these excitons are the exact one-pair eigenstates of the semiconductor Hamiltonian, in the absence of localized traps. They consequently form a complete orthogonal basis for one-pair states. As essentially all quantum particles known as bosons are composite bosons, it is highly desirable to extend this free exciton many-body theory to other kinds of “cobosons” — a contraction for composite bosons — the physically relevant ones being possibly not the exact one-pair eigenstates of the system Hamiltonian. The purpose of this paper is to derive the “Pauli scatterings” and the “interaction scatterings” of these cobosons in terms of their wave functions and the interactions which exist between the fermions from which they are constructed. It is also explained how to calculate many-body effects in such a very general composite boson system.     

ⅡB族元素取代的钨硼杂多酸盐的合成、光谱及光催化性能

应用一锅法合成了Keggin结构ⅡB族元素取代的钨硼杂多酸盐K7[BW11 O39 M( H2O)](M=Zn,Cd),用元素分析、傅里叶变换红外光谱、紫外光谱、X射线粉末衍射等手段对其结构进行了表征.以生物偶氮染料甲基红模拟废水,考察了紫外光照射下K7 [BW11 O39 M(H2 O)]的光催化性能.结果表明,对pH 2的25 μmol· L-1甲基红水溶液,K7 [BW11 O99 M(H2 O)]投加量为20 mg·L-1,光照60 min时,甲基红的降解率可达95%以上.     

Structural characterisation of [Cu2(bptd) (H2O) Cl4] and [Ni2(bptd)2(H2O)4] Cl4·3H2O; evidence of null intramolecular exchanges by EPR and magnetic measurements

Using the 2,5-bis(2-pyridyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole (bptd), we recently prepared [Cu₂(bptd) (H₂O) Cl₄] and [Ni₂(bptd)₂ (H₂O)₄] Cl₄, 3H₂O in which the magnetic centres are connected through one diazine+one chloro and two diazine ligand bridges, respectively. These two compounds are the first examples that show null intramolecular magnetic interactions despite M-M distances close to 3.7 Å within perfectly planar edifices:Down to , [Cu₂(bptd)Cl₄(H₂O)] is paramagnetic while, below T_t, half of the Cu²⁺ions interact, leading to residual paramagnetism of one Cu²⁺/f.u. Magnetic susceptibility measurements, EPR and pulsed EPR study indicate the original intermolecular nature of AF exchanges.[Ni₂(bptd)₂(H₂O)₄]Cl₄·3H₂O susceptibility obeys a Curie-law involving pure paramagnetism. Moreover, its EPR spectrum can be interpreted on the basis of virtual S=1 monomers. Below 70 K, Zero Field Splitting (D∼275 G) due to dipolar interactions without magnetic exchanges could be responsible for the LT spectra splitting. For both compounds, the thia role is suggested as partially responsible for the null-in-plane magnetic exchanges.     

新型复合电极对偶氮染料分子的光催化降解

介绍了具有合成H2 O2 和光催化性能的双功能新型复合电极 ,并用X射线衍射、扫描电镜等方法进行了表征 .双功能复合电极是将TiO2 光催化剂负载在活性碳 (AC)和具有合成H2 O2 性能的新型载体空气电极上形成的 .在复合电极作阴极的光反应器中 ,·OH和TiO2 光催化剂的存在实现了光化学氧化与光催化氧化在同一电极 /溶液界面上的联合作用 .实验结果表明 ,复合电极对提高偶氮染料分子活性艳红 (K 2BP)的氧化降解速度起了重要作用 ,仅反应 3min ,脱色率可达 4 9% ;反应 80min ,偶氮染料分子COD去除率可达 4 7% .     

Analysis of the (0 0 v(3)), v(3) = 1, 2, 3 Vibrotational States of HDSe

High-resolution Fourier transform spectra of HDSe in the region of the 2nu(3) and 3nu(3) bands were recorded and analyzed for five different (M)Se isotopic HDSe species. Energies obtained from rovibrational analyses of the (002) and (003) states, together with those taken of the (001) state from an earlier study [O. N. Ulenov, G. A. Onopenko, N. E. Tyabaeva, H. Bürger, and W. Jerzembeck, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 198, 27-39 (1999)], were used as input information for a "Global Fit" procedure. This fit provided 34 spectroscopic parameters for the HD(80)Se species which reproduced rotational-vibrational transitions of the (001), (002), and (003) states within experimental accuracy. Corresponding analyses were performed for the other (M)Se (M = 82, 78, 77, and 76) species. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.     

单晶硅表面有机硅烷/Ag2O纳米微粒复合自组装膜的制备和表征

利用分子自组装成膜技术 ,在单晶硅表面制备了有机硅烷 /Ag2 O纳米微粒复合膜 .应用接触角测定仪、原子力显微镜和X射线光电子能谱仪分析表征了薄膜的组成和结构 .结果表明 ,通过硅烷偶联剂 3 氨丙基 三乙氧基硅烷在单晶硅基底表面的成功组装 ,获得了较为均匀的硅烷化表面 ,而Ag2 O纳米微粒可在硅烷化表面成功地进行组装 ,并呈亚单层排布     

稀土硅钨杂多配合物与半菁复合材料的合成及光学性质

通过Keggin结构稀土硅钨杂多配合物K₁₃[Ln(SiW₁₁O₃₉)₂] (其中Ln=La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm,简写为Ln(SiW₁₁)₂)与碘化(E)-N-甲基-4-(2-(4-二甲氨基苯基)乙烯基)吡啶(C₁₆H₁₉N₂I,AI)反应,制备了一系列含轻稀土元素的硅钨杂多配合物与半菁衍生物的复合材料。应用元素分析和TG-DTA确定配合物的组成为(C₁₆H₁₉N₂)₁₀K₃[Ln(SiW₁₁O₃₉)₂]。利用红外光谱、紫外-可见光谱和荧光光谱研究了上述复合材料的光学性质及复合材料中无机组分与有机组分间的相互作用。     

Experiments on elastic cloaking in thin plates

Following a theoretical proposal [M. Farhat et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 024301 (2009)], we design, fabricate, and characterize a cloaking structure for elastic waves in 1?mm thin structured polymer plates. The cloak consists of 20 concentric rings of 16 different metamaterials, each being a tailored composite of polyvinyl chloride and polydimethylsiloxane. By using stroboscopic imaging with a camera from the direction normal to the plate, we record movies of the elastic waves for monochromatic plane-wave excitation. We observe good cloaking behavior for carrier frequencies in the range from 200 to 400?Hz (one octave), in good agreement with a complete continuum-mechanics numerical treatment. This system is thus ideally suited for demonstration experiments conveying the ideas of transformation optics.     

含ME4(M＝Mo,W;E＝S,Se)单元簇合物的合成和红外谱表征

合成了一系列单立方烷Ｍ－Ｆｅ－Ｓｅ和Ｍ－Ｃｕ（Ａｇ）－Ｓ（Ｓｅ）簇合物,并用ＵＶ,ＩＲ和Ｘ－光衍射等方法对上述簇合物进行了分析。     

Switching and memory effects governed by the hopping mechanism of charge carrier transfer in composite films based on conducting polymers and inorganic nanoparticles

The switching and memory effects in composite films based on conducting polymers [poly(phenylenevinylene), thiophene, and carbazole derivatives] and inorganic nanoparticles (ZnO, Si) are investigated. It is established that the introduction of inorganic nanoparticles (ZnO, Si) exhibiting strong acceptor properties into polymer materials leads to the appearance of memory effects, which manifest themselves in the transition of the polymer from a low-conductivity state to a high-conductivity state. For a number of composites, this transition is accompanied by the formation of a region with a negative differential resistance and a hysteresis in the current-voltage characteristics. It is demonstrated that the observed effects are determined by the mechanism of charge carrier transfer in the composite. In particular, the main mechanism of transport in films based on thiophene derivatives is associated with electrical conduction due to the tunneling of charge carriers between conducting regions embedded in a nonconducting matrix, whereas the dominant mechanism of transport in “polymer-semiconductor nanoparticle” composite films is hopping conduction, which is responsible for the effects observed in these objects.     

若干具有[（PO4）4Mo6^VO15]^12^-簇骼的化合物的光谱研究

Five novel organic-molybdenum phosphates with [(PO4)4Mo6(V)O15]12- cluster, Na x (H4TETA)3 x (H3O)5 x {Zn[(HPO4)2(PO4)2Mo6O15]2} (2), (H2en)7 x (H3O)4 x {Cu[(HPO4)2(PO4)2Mo6O15]2} x H2O (3), (H3DETA)2 x (H3O)3 x {Co0.5[(HPO4)2(PO4)2Mo6O15]} x H2O (4), [Co(H3TETA)]2{Co0.5[(HPO4)(PO4)3Mo6O15] x 3.5H2O (5) and (H3DETA) x (H3O)4 x {Co1.5 [(HPO4)2(PO4)2Mo6O15]} x 0.5H2O (6), have been synthesized. The relationship between their properties and structures was studied by using FTIR, NIR FT-Raman, UV-Vis DRS and fluorescence etc. In these compounds, every two [(PO4)4Mo6O15] clusters are coordinated by a metal atom to form a {M[(PO4)4Mo6O15]2} dimer. In compound 2, 3 and 4, {M[(PO4)4Mo6O15]2} dimers are hydrogen-bonded by the organic molecules and water molecules to form a three-dimensional expended framework, respectively. In compound 5 and 6, {Co[(PO4)4Mo6O15]2} dimers are coordinated by [Co(H3TETA)] groups and [CoO4] tetrahedra to form a network, respectively. These characteristic vibrational frequencies of the molybdenum phosphates are related to the structure of these compounds. Three characteristic bands in UV-Vis DRS spectra of these compounds have to be attributed to the absorptions of O(d) --> Mo, O(mu) --> Mo and O --> M charge transfer, respectively. These compounds exhibit strong fluorescence emission bands at about 410 nm when excited by 240 nm, which are caused by O(mu) --> Mo charge transfer.     

Shiva diagrams for composite-boson many-body effects: how they work

The purpose of this paper is to show how the diagrammatic expansion in fermion exchanges of scalar products of N-composite-boson (“coboson”) states can be obtained in a practical way. The hard algebra on which this expansion is based, will be given in an independent publication. Due to the composite nature of the particles, the scalar products of N-coboson states do not reduce to a set of Kronecker symbols, as for elementary bosons, but contain subtle exchange terms between two or more cobosons. These terms originate from Pauli exclusion between the fermionic components of the particles. While our many-body theory for composite bosons leads to write these scalar products as complicated sums of products of “Pauli scatterings” between two cobosons, they in fact correspond to fermion exchanges between any number P of quantum particles, with 2 ≤P≤N. These P-body exchanges are nicely represented by the so-called “Shiva diagrams”, which are topologically different from Feynman diagrams, due to the intrinsic many-body nature of the Pauli exclusion from which they originate. These Shiva diagrams in fact constitute the novel part of our composite-exciton many-body theory which was up to now missing to get its full diagrammatic representation. Using them, we can now “see” through diagrams the physics of any quantity in which enters N interacting excitons — or more generally N composite bosons —, with fermion exchanges included in an exact — and transparent — way.     

A comparative study on radiation reliability of composite channel InP high electron mobility transistors

This paper proposes a reasonable radiation-resistant composite channel structure for In P HEMTs. The simulation results show that the composite channel structure has excellent electrical properties due to increased modulation doping efficiency and carrier confinement. Moreover, the direct current(DC) and radio frequency(RF) characteristics and their reliability between the single channel structure and the composite channel structure after 75-ke V proton irradiation are compared in detail. The results show that the composite channel structure has excellent radiation tolerance. Mechanism analysis demonstrates that the composite channel structure weakens the carrier removal effect. This phenomenon can account for the increase of native carrier and the decrease of defect capture rate.     

Scavenging of OH(*) radicals produced from H(2)O sonolysis with nitrate ions

The scavenging of OH(?) radicals formed during H(2)O sonolysis with nitrate-ions was studied in HNO(3)/NaNO(3) mixture at the constant NO(3)(-) ions concentration ([HNO(3)]+[NaNO(3)])=1 M in Ar atmosphere. Small amounts of N(2)H(5)NO(3) was added to solutions to avoid HNO(2) accumulation due to HNO(3) sonolysis. It was shown that the increase of [H(+)] causes the increase of H(2)O(2) formation rate (W(H(2)O(2)). (W(H(2)O(2)) values reach the plateau at [HNO(3)] approximately 1 M. The (W(H(2)O(2)) ratio in solution with [H(+)]=1 M and pure water was found to be equal to 2.4+/-0.4. It was assumed that (W(H(2)O(2)) increase in nitric acid medium is related to the changing of H(2)O(2) formation mechanism. In pure water H(2)O(2) is formed due to the OH(*) radicals recombination. In HNO(3)+NaNO(3) mixture the mechanism of H(2)O(2) formation consists in conversion of OH(*) radicals to NO(3)(*) radicals followed by NO(3)(*) radicals hydrolysis. Results obtained show that OH(*) radicals recombination mainly occurs in the liquid phase surrounding the cavitating bubble.     

Hydrodynamics from kinetic models of conservative economies

In this paper, we introduce and discuss the passage to hydrodynamic equations for kinetic models of conservative economies, in which the density of wealth depends on additional parameters, like the propensity to invest. As in kinetic theory of rarefied gases, the closure depends on the knowledge of the homogeneous steady wealth distribution (the Maxwellian) of the underlying kinetic model. The collision operator used here is the Fokker-Planck operator introduced by J.P. Bouchaud and M. Mezard [Wealth condensation in a simple model of economy, Physica A 282 (2000) 536-545], which has been recently obtained in a suitable asymptotic of a Boltzmann-like model involving both exchanges between agents and speculative trading by S. Cordier, L. Pareschi and one of the authors [S. Cordier, L. Pareschi, G. Toscani, On a kinetic model for a simple market economy, J. Stat. Phys. 120 (2005) 253-277]. Numerical simulations on the fluid equations are then proposed and analyzed for various laws of variation of the propensity.