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根据毛细管电色谱中溶质保留值与有机改性剂种类和浓度之间的相互关系,首次实现了毛细管电色谱有机流动相双二元双台阶分离。利用此方法分离含12种芳香族化合物的混合样品,各组分在六次连续进样中保留时间的RSD(%)值均在1.65%以内,并将样品的分离时间缩短到等度洗脱方式下的三分之一。这说明该方法分离复杂样品快速、可靠。此外还推导了双二元双台阶分离方式下溶质保留值的预测公式,并对该公式的准确性进行了检验,预测值与实测值间的相对误差在5.73%以内。 相似文献
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以阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、非离子表面活性剂吐温20( Tween 20)及两者组成的混合胶束体系作为毛细管胶束电动色谱(MECC)的分离介 质,进行4种结构相似的酸性化合物的MECC分离研究,考察了胶束的类型、表面活 性剂的浓度、缓冲溶液的pH值及有机改性剂乙醇对分离的影响。结果表明各因素对 酸性药物的MECC分离有不同的影响规律。SDS胶束体系对溶质的保留值最大, Tween 20体系的保留值最小,二者的分离选择性正好相反,混合胶束体系的分离行 为则介于两者之间;在SDS和Tween 20体系中,表面活性剂浓度增加,溶质的保留 时间均随之递增,混合胶束体系中,总浓度一定,随Tween 20配比的增加,溶质的 保留时间先减少后增加;缓冲溶液的pH值增大,使溶质的分离效果均能变差;有机 改性剂乙醇的加入对容量因子的影响主要与溶质的疏水性有关,并对分离作用机理 进行了探讨。在SDS和Tween 20 MECC体系下,分别进行了实样测定,取得了满意的 结果。 相似文献
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研究了不同有机改性剂下胶束电动毛细管色谱 (MECC)中电中性化合物的保留值与其正辛醇 水分配系数 (logP)间的相关性。结果表明 :溶质在MECC中的保留值 (logk′)与logP的相关性决定于MECC体系在分配行为上与正辛醇 水体系的相似性 ,用logk′w 代替logk′并不能改善相关性 ;溶质的受质子碱性是影响相关性的最主要的溶质性质 ;使用有机改性剂可以调节溶质在MECC体系中的分配行为接近于正辛醇 水体系 ,THF是调节溶质受质子碱性的影响的最佳有机改性剂 ;要使MECC体系在溶质分配行为上全面接近于正辛醇 水体系 ,同时加入两种作用相互补充的有机改性剂可能是更好的方法 相似文献
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芦笋根中菝葜皂甙元的气相色谱测定 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
芦笋根粉末经提取,分离得到菝葜皂甙元。利用GC-MS,IR,并与气相色谱保留值比较进行定性分析,气相色谱外标法定量测定,同时考察了气相色谱定量测定的回收率和水解时间对测定值的问题,实验结果表明,风干芦笋根中菝葜皂甙元的含量在1%以上。 相似文献
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反相离子对色谱中的死时间测定(Ⅱ) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
前文用NaNO_3和NH_4NO_3两种硝酸盐作为探头所测定的反相离子对色谱的死时间,在柱温、流速一定的情况下,并非一常数,而是随着流动相的有机溶剂的含量、离子对试剂的浓度而变化的。前文认为其可能的原因是离子对试剂在固定相上的吸附作用。本文对此将作进一步的探讨。 本文研究了用四丁基碘化铵(TBAI)和十二烷基硫酸钠(SLS)作离子对试剂,以重水(D_2O)作探头时,离子对试剂浓度、甲醇含量、进样量对D_2O保留值的影响,并与以NaNO_3作探头时以上因素对保留值的相 相似文献
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A retention study on perfluorophenyl silica-based stationary phase was undertaken for some organic compounds containing different polar functionalities. The dependence of the retention factor on the content of organic modifier (acetonitrile, or methanol) in mobile phase was fitted by polynomial equations. The only exception was observed for adenine, which showed a sigmoidal dependence for the retention factor versus organic modifier content. The extrapolated values of retention factor for water as mobile phase (log k w) from these dependences were well correlated with octanol–water partition constants (log K ow), excepting the values for hexachlorocyclohexane isomers and adenine. Temperature dependences of the retention factor obeyed the van’t Hoff equation with thermodynamic parameters similar to those obtained in reversed phase on C8 or C18 stationary phases, excepting two statines whose dependences of ln k on the reciprocal value of absolute column temperature were nonlinear. Again, adenine had an atypical behavior with decrease in the retention factor with the increase in column temperature, due to possible tautomeric equilibria of this compound in presence of water, in accordance with theoretical models reported by literature. Charge modeling with MarvinSketch package program revealed charged centers from analyte molecule that could interact differently with charge centers from stationary phase. 相似文献
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Summary The retention order of the enantiomers of clevedipine (solute no 1), a shortacting blood pressure reducer, was controlled
by type of organic modifier. With 1-propanol as, mobile phase modifier the (R)-form eluted first and by using methanol, the (S)-form was first to elute. These effects could also be seen for the hydrolysed analogue, to clevedipine, an acid (solute no
2). The reversal of retention order was then obtained when 1-propanol was replaced by acetonitrile. An oxidized analogue to
clevedipine, a pyridine (solute no 3), was also tested regarding reversal of retention order of its enantiomers. In this case
the retention order could not be controlled by type of organic modifier.
The influence of the mobile phase buffer pH on enantioselective retention was also studied for the three substances. For clevidipine
and the oxidized analogue, a high mobile phase pH favored enantioselective resolution while the opposite result was obtained
for the hydrolysed analogue.
Temperature studies were also performed, and enthalpies and entropies at different mobile phase pH:s using different organic
modifiers were calculated, in order to promote an understanding of the thermodynamic driving forces for retention in the systems.
Optimized chromatographic systems were used to determine less than 0.1% of an enantiomeric impurity in (R)- and (S)-clevidipine. 相似文献
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A stationary phase combining zwitterionic ion chromatography and hydrophilic interaction chromatography (ZIC-HILIC) from SeQuant was evaluated for the chromatography of some opiates and their polar metabolites. The effects of mobile phase constitution on retention and resolution were extensively evaluated. Different aspects of mobile phase constitution such as ion strength and type of buffer, type and amount of organic modifier and pH were examined. The selectivity and retention of the opiates compared to their glucuronides could be substantially altered with small changes of the mobile phase, especially when the type of buffer, i.e., formate or acetate and organic modifier, i.e., acetonitrile or methanol were changed. The retention on the ZIC-HILIC was dominated by hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) but considerable effects on the selectivity was observed, possibly caused by an ion exchange mechanism due to interactions with the charges on the stationary phase. 相似文献
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Summary Several mobile phase parameters were investigated for controlling enantioselective retention and resolution on a chiral stationary
phase made in-house. The chiral selector was the enzyme amyloglucosidase, which was immobilized onto a silica support via
reductive amination. The influences of the mobile phase pH, concentration and type of uncharged organic modifier, ionic strength
and column temperature on enantios-electivity were studied. The analysis time for resolving enantiomers could be adjusted
with only a minor decrease in enantioselectivity by using a high ionic strength mobile phase buffer. This indicated a retention
mechanism involving ion-exchange interactions. It was further confirmed by the decreasing enantioselectivity of amines when
using a mobile phase pH below the isoelectric point of the native protein. Interesting effects were observed when the organic
modifier concentration was increased and also when the column temperature was raised. Both retention and enantioselectivity
increased with increasing concentration of 2-propanol in the mobile phase. Examples are given where both enantioselectivity
and retention increased with increasing column temperature. Thermodynamic studies were performed to calculate the entropy
and enthalpy constants. The results showed that, depending on mobile phase composition, the enantioselective retention may
be caused by differences in entropy or enthalpy. 相似文献
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Two kinds of retention models describing a behaviour of ionogenic substances in reversed-phase chromatographic systems were compared. Model A utilises a concept of limiting retention factors and is especially suitable for the prediction of retention of compounds co-existing in several forms in mobile phase. An effect of the concentration of organic modifier (e.g., methanol) on the magnitudes of the limiting retention factors and equilibrium constants (dissociation constants of the separated substances) can be expressed with the aid of various, more or less sophisticated, relationships. A stoichiometric displacement model (model B) in its original form simply relates the analyte retention to the content of organic modifier in the mobile phase. In this work, it was modified to also express an effect of the mobile phase pH introducing side equilibria (acid-base) into the model. Both models predict a sigmoidal dependence of the analyte retention factor on the mobile phase pH in accordance with experimental data, and allow, among others, to estimate dissociation constants from those data. Experimental dependencies between the analyte retention and the concentration of methanol in the mobile phase comply well with model A, whereas the stoichiometric displacement model could be used only in a limited range of the methanol concentrations. 相似文献
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The effects of some experimental parameters, such as the volume fraction and type of organic modifier in the mobile phase, and the concentration, type and pH of the buffer on the electroosmotic flow velocity, the retention behavior of test solutes, and the column efficiency have been investigated in capillary electrochromatography (CEC) using an open-tubular column of 9.60 microm I.D. with a porous silica layer chemically modified with C18 as stationary phase. The retention of a group of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) used as a test mixture varied significantly by changing the organic modifier content in the hydroorganic mobile phase according to the reversed-phase-like selectivity of the stationary phase. In addition, an increase in the percentage of organic modifier resulted in a slight increase in the linear velocity of the EOF. On the other hand, when the phosphate buffer concentration was increased over the range 1-50 mM, the electroosmotic mobility fell dramatically, the retention of the solutes decreased steadily, and the plate height showed a significant increase. The results obtained with phosphate, trishydroxymethylaminomethane or 2-morpholinoethanesulfonic acid as buffers were similar when pH remained constant. Optimization in CEC was essential to achieve further enhancement of separation performance, because the analysis time and separation resolution are essentially affected when varying operating parameters. Separations of seven PAHs with more than 100000 plates are presented within 4 min analysis time. 相似文献
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The influence of temperature on the retention behavior of epirubicin and its analogues on high purity silica with reversed-phase solvents has been systematically investigated. It was found that temperature effects on retention are highly dependent on the type and concentration of organic modifier, as well as the pH of the mobile phase. In organic-rich mobile phases, the type of organic modifier plays an important role. With an aprotic solvent as modifier, retention times show anomalous increases with elevated temperature. At the same time, both efficiency and resolution are significantly improved but this is not the situation with a protic solvent as modifier. In addition, temperature shows different effects on retention time and selectivity when the pH is changed, and temperature-dependent selectivity reversal is found at higher pHs. In aqueous-rich mobile phases, regardless of the nature of the organic solvent and pH, retention of solutes drops as temperature is raised. It seems that the effect of temperature on chromatographic behavior of the solutes on bare silica using mobile phases containing various organic modifiers or pHs, results from a number of different retention mechanisms. 相似文献
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以表阿霉素及其6种相关物质为研究对象,系统评价了其在反相离子对色谱模式下的色谱行为.分别考察了流动相中有机相种类、有机相比例、水相中离子对试剂浓度、pH值对表阿霉素及其相关物质的影响.结果表明,使用乙腈作为有机相洗脱能力及分离效果优于甲醇,保留时间随乙腈比例增大而减小;随着离子对试剂十二烷基硫酸钠浓度增加,杂质阿霉素酮及柔红霉酮几乎无影响,其他5种物质保留时间增加.同时,表阿霉素及其杂质的保留行为受流动相pH值影响较大,当pH不高于4时可获得较好的分离效果.通过对表阿霉素及其相关物质反相离子对模式下的保留行为进行了系统的评价和定量描述,研究结果将有助于该类化合物液相色谱分离方法的发展. 相似文献