酞酸酯的场增强样品进样-微乳液毛细管电动色谱分析

建立了场增强样品进样–微乳液毛细管电动色谱(microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography,MEEKC)分析6种酞酸酯的方法,对影响富集过程的因素进行了考察。最佳富集条件为:以压力进样先进一段水柱(5.52 kPa×500s),在富集电压为-15 kV下,样品以电动方式进样富集,样品基质为30mmol/L胆酸钠+30.0 mmol/L硼砂(pH 8.5)。与常规MEEKC方法相比,场增强样品进样在线富集技术使6种酞酸酯的检测灵敏度提高了1.6～1000倍,检测限(S/N=3)为1～500 ng/mL。所建立的方法用于食品塑料袋中酞酸酯的测定,加标回收率为92.5%～112.2%。     

一种新型固相萃取柱结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法选择性富集测定猪肉中的盐酸克伦特罗

发展了一种测定猪肉中盐酸克伦特罗残留的简便、高效、准确的固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(SPE-UPLC-MS/MS)的方法。将搅碎的猪肉样品用5%(v/v)高氯酸超声提取,再以10000 r/min离心15 min后,上清液用SMCX固相萃取柱进行富集和净化。因SMCX是以硅胶为基质兼有反相/强阳离子交换的混合作用模式,因此可以有效地去除复杂基质干扰,达到目标样品的选择性富集和净化的目的。方法学结果表明,该方法在0.25～50 μg/kg范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数r为0.9982; 3个添加水平(1.25、12.5、50 μg/kg)的平均回收率为62.2%～ 72.0%,相对标准偏差(RSDs)为4.2%～ 6.1%;检出限(S/N=3)为0.05 μg/kg。所发展的样品前处理和检测方法简单、快速,可用于瘦肉精类成分的选择性富集和分离检测。     

半胱氨酸改性介孔材料对Hg(Ⅱ)高选择性分离富集性能研究

采用后移植方法,将半胱氨酸键入到介孔材料SBA-15上,并对此材料的吸附条件进行了优化,研究了其对重金属离子Hg2+的富集特性。考察了溶液pH值、吸附时间和材料用量等因素对Hg2+吸附率的影响。在pH 2.5,性质相近的金属离子Cu2+、Cr6+、Cr3+、Cd2+共存时,半胱氨酸改性的SBA-15介孔材料对Hg2+可进行选择性吸附富集,富集后可用含5%硫脲的1 mol/L HCl溶液快速洗脱。方法对Hg2+的检出限为0.07μg/L,相对标准偏差为2.2%(CHg2+=1.0 mg/L,n=11)。将本方法用于污水样品中Hg2+的测定,回收率为92%～101%。     

磁性氧化石墨烯分散固相萃取/液相色谱－串联质谱法测定PVC儿童用品中内分泌干扰物迁移量

建立了磁性氧化石墨烯分散固相萃取/液相色谱－串联质谱测定PVC儿童用品中14种内分泌干扰物迁移量的分析方法。样品经人工模拟汗液和人工模拟唾液浸泡,以磁性氧化石墨烯为分散固相萃取吸附剂,富集迁移液中的内分泌干扰物,采用液相色谱－串联质谱仪分析,基质外标法定量。结果表明：磁性氧化石墨烯用量10 mg,吸附15 min,采用3 mL含1%甲酸的丙酮洗脱15 min,可实现14种内分泌干扰物的富集与净化。14种内分泌干扰物在各自的质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数（r）为0.990 1～0.999 2,检出限为0.1～0.5 μg/L,定量下限为0.3～1.5 μg/L,加标回收率为80.2%～105%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为1.0%～6.8%。该方法操作简单、分析快速、重现性好,适用于PVC儿童用品中内分泌干扰物迁移量的测定。     

蔬菜中农药残留的分散液相微萃取/气相色谱-质谱联用技术快速分析

建立了分散液相微萃取/气相色谱-质谱快速检测蔬菜中农药残留的新方法.对影响萃取和富集效果的因素进行了优化.在优化的实验条件下,10种目标农药的富集倍数达738 ～895倍,检出限为0.005 ～0.06 mg/kg,线性范围为0.02 ～10 mg/kg,相关系数为0.991 2 ～0.998 7,平均加标回收率为71% ～90%,相对标准偏差为3.1% ～6.9%.该方法已成功用于蔬菜中10种农药残留的测定.     

Nafion修饰电极预富集-石墨炉原子吸收法测定痕量银的研究

本文报道了用Nafion修饰电极预富集-石墨炉原子吸收法测定痕量银的方法。采用不加电位的离子交换富集方法,将痕量银富集在Nafion修饰钨丝电极上,然后用石墨炉原子吸收法测定,检出限为0.04ng/ml,线性范围为0.08～12ng/ml,RDS为4.2%,回收率为88～100%。方法简便、灵敏,选择性好,适用于测定复杂体系中的痕量银。     

中孔分子筛SBA-15-NH2 分离富集火焰原子吸收光谱法测定烟花中痕量钯的研究与应用

建立了中孔分子筛SBA-15-NH2分离富集火焰原子吸收光谱法测定痕量钯的新方法,探讨了中孔分子筛SBA-15-NH2材料吸附钯的原理和最佳条件.在pH 3.0、温度为(15±1) ℃的条件下,钯可被该材料定量吸附,其吸附容量为1.21 mg/g.吸附的钯用饱和硫脲溶液洗脱,并用火焰原子吸收法测定洗脱的钯.该方法测定钯的检出限为0.59 μg/L(3σ,n=11),线性范围为0.002 ～1.2 mg/L,加标回收率为98% ～107%.对0.05 mg/L的Pd2+溶液平行测定7次,RSD为2.24%.方法用于烟花中痕量钯的测定,结果满意.     

动态pH联接-扫集毛细管电泳法测定化妆品中迷迭香酸的含量

采用动态pH联接-扫集毛细管电泳法对化妆品中的迷迭香酸进行检测。用重力进样的方式,进样高度为15 cm的情况下,研究了硼砂浓度、pH、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)浓度、甲醇浓度、样品基体、进样时间、分离电压对富集与分离的影响。优化后的实验条件:15 mmol/L硼砂-45 mmol/L SDS(pH8.8)-15%甲醇为缓冲液,进样时间60s,分离电压16kV,样品中磷酸盐浓度10 mmol/L,样品基质pH 4.7。在上述条件下,迷迭香酸(RA)的线性回归方程式为y=539200ρ+53588(r=0.9985),线性范围为0.144～3.6μg/mL,检出限0.036μg/mL,迷迭香酸的回收率为92.5%～103%,相对标准偏差为2.5%。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定重稀土氧化物富集物中稀土元素含量

建立了测定重稀土氧化物富集物中稀土元素的X射线荧光光谱法。采用人工合成标准样品,按照样品与甲基纤维素质量1∶9的比例,用甲基纤维素稀释粉末压片制样,用X射线荧光光谱法测定重稀土氧化物富集物中的稀土元素含量。以D. Jongh数学模式对谱线干扰和基体效应进行校正。15种稀土元素测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.126%～3.654%(n=10),样品的测定值与计算值基本一致,回收率为94.00%～108.00%。其中La_2O_3,CeO_2,Pr_6O_(11),Nd_2O_3等轻稀土氧化物的检出限为0.11～0.22 mg/g。该方法简便快速、结果准确,能满足重稀土氧化物富集物中各稀土元素检测要求。     

中空纤维膜液相微萃取-气相色谱质谱法快速测定蔬菜汁中15种邻苯二甲酸酯

采用中空纤维膜-液相微萃取结合GC-MS检测蔬菜汁中15种邻苯二甲酸酯。对萃取溶剂、振荡速度、振荡时间进行了优化:在萃取温度为23℃(室温)、搅拌速度为快速、萃取时间为50min的条件下正己烷萃取效果较好;采用DB-5MS石英毛细管柱(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25μm)、气相色谱质谱(EI)进行分离检测。15种邻苯二甲酸酯在此方法条件下的富集倍数在4.2～315.6之间;检出限在0.0001～0.01 mg/L之间。当添加浓度范围在0.05～1 mg/kg时,回收率在71.8%～90.1%之间,RSD为2.1%～18.9%。本方法可用于蔬菜汁中邻苯二甲酸酯的测定。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

关于"对‘燃料电池物理及化学性能的有限时间热力学分析方法'的讨论”答复

把有限时间热力学理论用于化学过程的研究,将会得到一系列新的结论,开展这方面的研究是很有意义的.文献[1]以燃料电池为例,在同时考虑化学反应及传热不可逆性的情况下,研究了燃料电池的性能界限,文献[2]指出了文献[1]计算化学反应及传热不可逆性而引起系统与有关环境的总熵产生率的错误以及由此而导致的结论所存在的问题,并进行了富有启发性的分析与讨论.但文献[2]对于系统与有关环境的总熵产生率的计算也是不正确的,由此得到的其它结论自然不能成立.本文将就此情况下系统与有关环境的总熵产生率的计算再次进行讨论,并给出电池功率和效率的有限时间热力学性能界限.