聚噻吩/多壁碳纳米管复合材料的导电性能

通过共混多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)和聚噻吩(PTh), 制备了PTh/MWNTs复合材料, 复合材料表现出良好的导电性能(电导率达16.1 S/m). 通过Raman, TG, XPS, UV-Vis等对复合材料进行了分析, 结果表明, MWNTs和 PTh之间存在强的相互作用, MWNTs上的离域电子与噻吩共轭主链上的π电子之间形成π-π共轭, 电子从MWNTs转移到聚噻吩, 增加了噻吩主链的有效共轭长度, 提高了复合材料的导电性能. FESEM分析表明, MWNTs和它周围被掺杂的聚噻吩通过π-π共轭作用结合在一起, 形成相对独立的导电单元, 在复合材料的导电体系中起到主要作用.     

磺化聚苯乙炔/多壁碳纳米管复合材料导电特性和机理的研究

将磺化聚苯乙炔(SPPA)与多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)超声共混制备得到SPPA/MWCNTs复合材料. 用X光电子能谱仪、固体紫外-可见分光光度计、X射线衍射仪、四探针、场发射扫描电镜等对复合材料导电特性及机理进行研究. 结果表明: SPPA/MWCNTs 复合材料中SPPA与MWCNTs发生电荷转移而被掺杂, 并且由于SPPA与MWCNTs间的电荷转移, 彼此间存在一定的相互作用力; 复合材料电阻呈负温度系数效应; SPPA/MWCNTs复合材料电导率发生两次突跃. 可能的导电机理为, 复合材料中SPPA不仅被MWCNTs物理填充, 同时还被MWCNTs掺杂, 复合材料中存在两种导电通路, 一是SPPA与MWCNTs的碳原子发生电荷转移而被掺杂, 彼此之间存在一定的相互作用力, 导致SPPA包裹MWCNTs形成独立导体单元, 这种独立单元相互接触形成导电通路; 二是MWCNTs彼此之间相互接触形成导电通路, 并建立了该导电机理的理论模型.     

磺化聚苯乙炔/多壁碳纳米管复合材料导电机理研究

将磺化聚苯乙炔(SPPA)与多壁碳纳米管(MWNT)超声共混制备得到SPPA/MWNT复合材料. 用四探针电阻率测试、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、XPS、UV-Vis、XRD等方法对复合材料导电机理进行研究. 结果表明, SPPA/MWNT的电导率发生两次突跃；掺杂剂MWNT具有低的临界阈值; 临界阈值附近, 复合材料中MWNT具有不连续分布的现象及复合材料电阻呈负温度系数(NTC)效应; SPPA/MWNT复合材料中MWNT的碳原子对SPPA 进行掺杂. 推测复合材料的导电机理为, 共轭聚合物SPPA不仅被导电粒子MWNT物理填充, 同时还被MWNT的碳原子掺杂, 使复合材料中存在两种导电通路而导电, 一是因被掺杂而成为高电导率主体的SPPA相互接触形成的导电通路, 二是MWNT相互接触形成的导电通路.     

聚3-辛基噻吩/MWNTs复合材料的导电性能研究

采用在氯仿溶液中超声共混, 制备聚3-辛基噻吩(P3OT)和多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)复合材料. 当MWNTs掺杂量为3%时复合材料的电导率为1.43 S•m－1, 达到纯MWNTs的电导率水平. 用FTIR光谱, TG, UV-Vis光谱, XPS和FESEM进行研究分析, 认为MWNTs的离域电子与P3OT主链上的π电子之间形成π-π共轭, 增加了P3OT主链的有效共轭度, 被掺杂的P3OT具有很高的电导率, 提高了复合材料的导电性能. MWNTs与被掺杂的P3OT组成相对独立的导体单元, 对复合材料的导电网络形成起着主要作用.     

聚丁基噻吩的合成及性能

用化学聚合方法合成了聚丁基噻吩导电材料,并研究了不同的聚合条件对聚合物性能的影响。聚丁基噻吩导电材料具有较好的稳定性和加工性,其掺杂态的导电率可达到10s/cm。     

聚吡咯/多壁碳纳米管及其聚氨酯导电复合材料的制备和性能

以羧基化多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)做模版剂,采用化学氧化法将吡咯(Py)在羧基化MWCNTs表面聚合制备PPy/MWCNTs导电材料,将其添加到溶剂型聚氨酯(PU)溶液中制备了PPy/MWCNTs/PU导电复合材料,研究了Py用量对PPy/MWCNTs及其PU复合材料性能的影响.研究表明,随Py用量的增加,PPy/MWCNTs的长度不变,管径增大,sp~2和sp~3杂化C含量先提高后减少,N的掺杂梯度降低,PPy/MWCNTs的导电率高于羧基化MWCNTs和PPy.当Py用量为羧基化MWCNTs的20%时,其导电率最大.PPy/MWCNTs中N元素的掺杂程度及其管径变化是引起PPy/MWCNTs/PU复合材料的性能不同的主要原因.增加Py用量,MWCNTs中亲水的羧基因对PPy掺杂而消耗,相同导电材料用量时纳米导电粒子数目相对减少,PPy/MWCNTs/PU复合材料的耐水性能提高,定向应力、储能模量和玻璃化温度降低,导电率先增加后减小.当Py用量为羧基化MWCNTs的15%时,导电率最大.     

多壁碳纳米管/聚乙烯复合材料的制备及其导电行为

多壁碳纳米管/聚乙烯复合材料的制备及其导电行为;碳纳米管;高密度聚乙烯;渗流阈值;导电行为;V-PTC特性     

水溶性导电高分子聚噻吩及其水凝胶的掺杂行为研究

用碘和高氯酸作掺杂剂对水溶性导电高分子聚（3-羧甲基噻吩）及其水凝胶的掺杂行为进行了系统研究。结果发现水溶胀聚（3-羧甲基噻吩）凝胶及其高分子很容易被高氯酸或碘的水溶液进行掺杂,且其掺杂能力强烈依赖于掺杂剂溶液浓度。对碘掺杂的高分子溶液,其掺杂过程不很稳定同时伴随着脱掺杂过程的发生,而对于聚噻吩凝胶,高氯酸极易使其掺杂,而且一旦掺杂则在掺杂状态下具有相对的稳定性。     

导电聚合物的现场电导/电化学研究——聚(3-甲基噻吩)和聚噻吩

本文提出一种研究导电聚合物的现场电位、电导测量/电化学方法。该实验方法基于一种可重复使用的玻璃碳-碳纤维组双电极。用该方法研究了聚(3-甲基噻吩)和聚噻吩的现场电位、电导/电化学行为。     

多壁碳纳米管/溴/聚苯乙炔三元复合材料导电性能的研究

通过机械共混和溶液共混制备了多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)/溴/聚苯乙炔(PPA)三元复合材料, 复合材料表现出良好的导电性能, 电导率为10 S/m, 达到掺溴MWNTs的导电水平. 通过固体紫外光谱、XPS和SEM分析了复合材料中MWNTs、溴与PPA三者之间的相互作用, 研究了独立导电单元的形成, 以及导电单元对电导率提高所起的作用. 结果表明, 当MWNTs含量较低时, MWNTs和PPA之间的溴转移导致复合材料电导率降低; MWNTs含量较高时, 独立导电单元的数目增多, 复合材料的电导率随之大幅提高.     

Rheological and Structure Investigation of Melt Mixed Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube/PE Composites

In this study a series of melt mixed multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT)/Polyethylene composites with several carbon nanotube (CNTs) concentrations were investigated. A good dispersion of the nanotubes in the matrix was seen using scanning electron microscopy. Melt rheological measurements in dynamic mode were used to estimate the percolation state of the CNTs within the polymer and to provide information about the structure of the CNT/polymer composites. The effect of nanotubes on the non-isothermal crystallization behaviour of the nanocomposites was also studied by differential scanning calorimetry.     

Rheological Behaviors of Nanofluids Containing Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube

Stable nanofluids containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) treated by concentrated acid and mechanical mill technology have been prepared. Water, ethylene glycol, glycerol, and silicone oil were used as base fluids. The rheological behaviors of the obtained nanofluids with different MWNT volume fractions and at different temperatures were investigated in details. The glycerol based and silicone oil based fluids behave Newtonian manner in all studied MWNT volume fractions and temperatures. The dispersant hexamethyldisiloxane added in silicone oil decreases the silicone oil viscosity but has no effect on the rheological properties of nanofluids. For the water based nanofluids, MWNTs act as lubricative function when the MWNT volume fraction is lower. Furthermore, for the ethylene glycol based and glycerol based fluid, almost no viscosity augmentation appears when the temperature is higher than 55°C.     

碳纳米管负载金属Pt催化剂的制备和机理研究

本文报道了高温裂解法沉积铂纳米颗粒于碳纳米管壁的新方法。利用红外光谱技术考察了碳纳米管壁的官能团衍生化以及这些官能团与铂颗粒沉积间的关系。利用透射电镜(TEM)、X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)以及光电子能谱技术(XPS)对碳纳米管壁上负载的铂纳米颗粒进行了表征。结果表明，大小约为5 nm的铂纳米颗粒以金属Pt(0)的形式均匀分散在纳米管表面，主要晶面定向为(111)面。同时，考察了甲醇在碳纳米管负载铂纳米颗粒复合材料电极上的电催化氧化。     

Preparation of Amino-functionalized Multiwall Carbon Nanotube/Gold Nanoparticle Composites

Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNT) were modified orderly with carboxyl groups and amino groups. The MWNT/gold nanoparticle composites were formed when the amino‐functionalized MWNT was interacted with gold colloids. The functionalized MWNT was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The amino‐functionalized MWNT allows further attaching gold nanoparticles through electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged gold nanoparticles and amino groups on the surface of the MWNT. The composite of gold nanoprticles and amino‐functionalized MWNT was characterized by transmission electron microscopy. This method decorating carbon nanotubes can be used to identify the location of functional groups, i.e. defect sites on carbon nanotubes.     

超级电容器用炭/导电聚合物复合材料

炭/导电聚合物复合材料是近年来发展起来应用于超级电容器的一种新型电极材料。炭材料与氧化物的复合材料,或者炭材料与导电聚合物的复合材料,能够将双电层电容与法拉第电容结合,既可提高超级电容器的比电容,改变其充放电电压,又可提高其循环性能。本文综述了近年来国内外各种炭材料,如活性炭,碳纳米管等与导电聚合物复合材料的研究进展,认为炭与导电聚合物的复合材料,尤其是性能优良的炭气凝胶,模板法制备的中孔炭,以及由金属或非金属碳化物与氯气等刻蚀剂反应制备的骨架炭与导电聚合物的复合材料是超级电容器电极材料研究的一个重要发展方向。     

Theoretical Studies on the Growth Mechanism of Armchair Single-walled Carbon Nanotube

The growth mechanism of armchair single-walled carbon nanotube was studied theoretically by AM1 method as implemented in Gaussian03 program. The following results were obtained. (1) Let C₂ radicals be the carbon source for the growth of the carbon nanotube, then the most likely growth mechanism would be as follows. An intermediate is formed firstly by the direct addition of C₂ radical to the open end of the carbon nanotube without an energy barrier, then via a transition state the reaction produces the product, i.e., C₂ becomes the component of the hexagon of the nanotube. (2) From (3,3) to (6,6), the activation energy decreases (from 66.8 to 46.1 kJ·mol^?1), whereas the conjugation of the nanotube increases. (3) The distribution of the frontier molecular orbitals indicates that the two edges of the newly formed hexagon maybe grow easily.     

铁氧化还原蛋白在多壁碳纳米管上的固定、表征及直接电子转移

将来源于Spinacia Oleracea的铁氧化还原蛋白(ferredoxin, SOFd)固定在多壁碳纳米管(CNT)表面, 紫外-可见及红外光谱表明, SOFd在CNT表面没有变性, 仍保持原来的二级空间结构. 循环伏安结果表明, SOFd在CNT表面能进行有效和稳定的直接电子转移反应, 伏安曲线上出现一对良好的、几乎对称的氧化还原峰, 式量电位E^0'为(－570.4±1.5) mV (vs. SCE, 0.1 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液), 且不随扫速和溶液pH值的变化而变化. SOFd直接电子转移的表观速率常数k_s为(0.73±0.04) s^－1.     

碳纳米管/高分子复合导电材料的研究进展

从碳纳米管的电性质出发,对以它为填料的导电性复合材料的制备方法和研究进展进行了综述,同时简单介绍了导电性复合材料电性质转变现象的理论分析模型,最后对碳纳米管/高分子复合导电材料的研究前景作了一定探讨。     

Modeling of Hierarchical Morphology of Carbon Nanotube Bundles in Polymer Composites

The morphological features of carbon nanotube (CNT) polymer composites and their influence on the effective modulus are evaluated. The considered features include bundle formation from the helical sub‐bundles made of individual CNTs. The formation of bundles is considered as a result of agglomeration of individual nanotubes above and below onset of percolation and is related to electrical conductivity. The proposed geometrical model yields a bundle diameter that agrees closely with that of the experimentally measured by voltage‐contrast method and scanning electron microscopy analysis of polyimide nanocomposites. The proposed micromechanical analytical model includes the helical structure of a bundle and provides close agreement of the effective Young's modulus of nanocomposite over a wide range of CNT content. It is shown that considering the helical structure of CNT bundles and its effect on bundle modulus is vital for predicting the effective modulus of CNT‐polymer nanocomposite.