含氟苯并异噁唑衍生物的合成及活性研究

以2,4-二甲氧基苯胺为起始原料,通过乙酰化保护合成N-(2,4-二甲氧基苯基)乙酰胺(2),经傅克反应合成N-(4-羟基-2-甲氧基-5-丙酰基苯基)乙酰胺(3),3再与盐酸羟胺反应生成N-(4-羟基-5-(1-(羟基亚氨基)丙基)-2-甲氧基苯基)乙酰胺(4),4在DMF-DMA作用下生成N-(3-乙基-6-甲氧基...     

新型2,4,6,-取代嘧啶衍生物的设计、合成和抗肿瘤活性研究（英文）

为了寻找高效的新型抗肿瘤药物,设计合成了一系列2,4,6-取代嘧啶衍生物,并使用噻唑蓝(MTT)法对4种人的肿瘤细胞人结肠癌细胞(SW-620)、人前列腺癌细胞(PC-3)、人非小细胞肺癌细胞(A549)和人胃癌细胞(MGC-803)进行了体外抗肿瘤活性研究.其中化合物N-((4-乙基苯基)氨基甲酰基)-2-((4-(对甲苯基氨基)-6-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)硫代)乙酰胺(5i), 2-((4-((4-乙氧基苯基)氨基)-6-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)硫基)-N-((4-乙基苯基)氨基甲酰基)乙酰胺(5o)和N-((4-乙基苯基)氨基甲酰基)-2-((4-((4-甲氧基苯基)氨基)-6-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)硫代)乙酰胺(5r)对4种测试的癌细胞系显示出高的抗肿瘤增殖活性,特别是化合物5r具有最高的抑制活性,对SW-620的IC_(50)值最低,为1.46μmol/L.进一步机制研究表明,化合物5r诱导SW-620凋亡,使细胞周期阻滞在S期.分子对接揭示了化合物5r可以很好地结合表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)的活性位点,被认为是一种有前途的化合物,可用于进一步研究开发新的抗癌药物.     

氯丙嗪裂环类似物的合成

对-氯苯基β-氯乙基硫醚与苯胺作用生成N-(β-对-氯苯硫乙基)-苯胺,而通过Gabriel合成法生成对-氯苯基β-氨乙基硫醚。此二化合物分别用β-氯丙酰氯酰化后再与各种仲胺缩合,各生成一系列的β-二烷氨基丙酰基衍生物。将这些化合物用氢化铝锂还原,得到一系列的γ-二烷氨基丙基衍生物(氯丙嗪的裂环类似物)。药理试验结果表明裂环后失去安神作用,但仍保留抗组织胺作用。其中尚有具很强局部麻醉作用者。对-氯苯基β-氯乙基硫醚、对-氯苯基β-氯乙基碸分别与各种仲胺作用,制成一系列对-氯苯基β-二烷氨基乙基硫醚和对-氯苯基β-二烷氨基乙基碸,其中有具抗组织胺作用者。     

一种二氨基二硫醇双功能偶联剂的合成及其锝[~(99m)Tc]标记

本文在比较温和的条件下,以半胱胺盐酸盐为原料,合成了一种二氨基二硫醇双功能偶联剂N-(2-巯乙基)-2-[(2-羧乙基)(2-巯乙基)氨基]乙酰胺.部分合成步骤在     

具有酰胺键的离子负载双(三氟乙酰氧基)碘苯对乙酰苯胺类化合物的乙酰氧基化反应

以氯乙酰氯、N-乙基对碘苯胺为原料,经酰化反应合成了N-乙基-N-(4-碘苯基)氯乙酰胺,接着与1-甲基咪唑反应,随后在水溶液中和四氟硼酸钠发生阴离子交换,合成了四氟硼酸1-甲基-3-(N-乙基-4-碘苯氨基甲酰甲基)咪唑鎓盐,该四氟硼酸盐在过氧化氢/三氟乙酸酐体系中氧化得到一种新的离子负载的双(三氟乙酰氧基)碘苯试剂四氟硼酸(1-甲基-3-{N-乙基-4-[双(三氟乙酰氧基)碘]苯氨基甲酰甲基}咪唑鎓盐)。所合成的碘苯试剂没有吸湿性,在空气中长期放置不变质。以这种新试剂为氧化剂,室温下乙酰苯胺及其衍生物与乙酸区域选择性地发生乙酰氧基化反应,产率较高。该离子负载型碘苯试剂可回收后再生,而再生试剂用于乙酰氧基化反应时活性几乎保持不变。     

~(99m)Tc标记蝶呤-赖氨酸衍生物的制备及生物性能评价

基于蝶呤-赖氨酸分子结构,设计合成了2种~(99m)Tc标记配合物~(99m)Tc(HYNIC-penta-lys-Pteroyl)-(Tricine/TPPTS)和~(99m)Tc(HYNIC-Gly-Gly-lys-Pteroyl)(Tricine/TPPTS),并对其生物性能进行了初步评价.研究结果表明,2种配合物在叶酸受体高表达的人口腔表皮样癌(KB)细胞中均有很高的摄取和滞留.给药1 h后,~(99m)Tc(HYNIC-penta-lys-Pteroyl)(Tricine/TPPTS)和~(99m)Tc(HYNIC-Gly-Gly-lys-Pteroyl)(Tricine/TPPTS)在荷KB肿瘤裸鼠体内的肿瘤摄取率分别为(8.55±2.78)%ID/g和(9.77±1.54)%ID/g.荷KB肿瘤裸鼠的小动物SPECT/CT显像研究结果表明,上述2种标记配合物在给药2 h后,其肿瘤部位均清晰可见,有望作为新型的叶酸受体靶向肿瘤分子探针.     

对位取代二苯乙烯衍生物的合成和非线性光学性质

合成了反式-4-[N-（乙氧基羰基-4"-硝基苯基）-N'-乙基氨基]-4'-(二甲基氨 基)二苯乙烯(DMANHAS)和三个新有机化合物。用核磁、红外以及元素分析进行了表 征。测试了紫外吸收光谱、单光子荧光光谱和双光子荧光光谱。在800nm的飞秒脉 冲激光激发下,反式-4-（N-羟乙基-N'-乙基氨基）-4'-(二甲基氨基)二苯乙烯 (DMAHAS)和反式-4-(N-羟乙基-N'-乙基氨基)-4'-(二乙基氨基)二苯乙烯(DEAHAS) 均发出较强的蓝紫色上转换荧光,荧光峰分别位于436和440nm,而DMANHAS和反式- 4-[N-(乙氧基羰基-4"-硝基苯基)-N'-乙基氨基]-4'-（二乙基氨基）二苯乙烯 (DEANHAS)没有荧光。     

~(64)Cu-NOTA-Herceptin的设计、活性测定及肿瘤靶向分子显像研究

利用双功能螯合剂2-[(4-异硫氰基苯基)甲基]-1,4,7-三氮杂环九烷-1,4,7-三乙酸(NCS-Bz-NOTA)对Herceptin单抗表面的氨基进行修饰获得了NOTA-Herceptin,通过基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF)对该偶联物进行了表征.利用酶联免疫吸附测定了偶联前后Herceptin抗体效价的改变.利用新型正电子核素~(64)Cu标记,获得可用于肿瘤放射靶向精准诊疗的~(64)Cu-NOTA-Herceptin探针,其标记率为90%,放化纯度98%,比活度185 MBq/nmol.分别进行了该探针在HER2过表达胃癌细胞NCI-N87及HER2低表达胃癌细胞BGC823等肿瘤细胞中的摄取实验,测定了该探针的肿瘤特异性.建立了荷人胃癌BGC823裸鼠模型,通过微型正电子断层显像(Micro-PET)设备观察了探针在模型动物体内的代谢情况:在静脉注射7.4 MBq~(64)Cu-NOTA-Herceptin探针后,分别于4和60 h进行正电子断层显像(PET)的显像,观察到其在肿瘤部位的摄取有所富集,且随着代谢时间的延长,肝脏部位摄取得到明显降低.研究结果表明,~(64)Cu-NOTAHerceptin探针有望应用于肿瘤放射性靶向诊疗.     

含荧光基团的烯类单体的合成、聚合及其荧光行为

本论文合成了三个新型功能单体,即N-(4-N’,N’-二甲氨基苯基)马来酰亚胺(DMAPMI)、N-(4-N’,N’-二甲氨基苯基)衣糠酰亚胺(DMAPII)和N-(2-乙烯氧乙基)-1,8-萘二甲酰亚胺(VOENI),研究了它们的聚合、引发、光敏化作用及荧光行为。     

利奈唑胺注射液中主要降解产物的合成

以利奈唑胺为起始原料,利用LiOH选择性水解利奈唑胺的酯键和酰胺键,得利奈唑胺注射液中的部分水解产物N-[(2R)-3-[[3-氟-4-(4-吗啉基)苯基]氨基]-2-羟基丙基]-乙酰胺(2)和完全水解杂质(2S)-1-氨基-3-[[3-氟-4-(4-吗啉基)苯基]氨基]-2-丙醇(4),收率分别为78.3%和86.6%;然后将化合物4的末端氨基用叔丁氧羰基保护,经N,O-双乙酰化后用氨水/甲醇脱除O-乙酰基,再利用饱和氯化氢乙醚溶液脱除叔丁氧羰基保护基,得N-[(2S)-3-氨基-2-羟基丙基]-N-[3-氟-4-(4-吗啉基)苯基]-乙酰胺(3)盐酸盐,五步总收率62.3%.     

Enhanced Anti-Tumor Effect of Folate-Targeted FA-AMA-hyd-DOX Conjugate in a Xenograft Model of Human Breast Cancer

Folate-aminocaproic acid-doxorubicin (FA-AMA-hyd-DOX) was firstly synthesized by our group. It was indicated that FA-AMA-hyd-DOX was pH-responsive, and had strong cytotoxicity on a folate receptor overexpressing cell line (KB cells) in vitro. The aim of our study was to further explore the potential use of FA-AMA-hyd-DOX as a new therapeutic drug for breast cancer. The cellular uptake and the antiproliferative activity of the FA-AMA-hyd-DOX in MDA-MB-231 cells were measured. Compared with DOX, FA-AMA-hyd-DOX exhibited higher targeting ability and cytotoxicity to FR-positive tumor cells. Subsequently, the tissue distribution of FA-AMA-hyd-DOX was studied, and the result confirmed that DOX modified by FA can effectively increase the selectivity of drugs in vivo. After determining the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of FA-AMA-hyd-DOX in MDA-MB-231 tumor-bearing nude mice, the antitumor effects and the in vivo safety of FA-AMA-hyd-DOX were systematically evaluated. The data showed that FA-AMA-hyd-DOX could effectively increase the dose of DOX tolerated by tumor-bearing nude mice and significantly inhibit MDA-MB-231 tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, FA-AMA-hyd-DOX treatment resulted in almost no obvious damage to the mice. All the positive data suggest that FA-targeted FA-AMA-hyd-DOX is a promising tumor-targeted compound for breast cancer therapy.     

Biodegradable Inorganic Nanovector: Passive versus Active Tumor Targeting in siRNA Transportation

The biodegradable inorganic nanovector based on a layered double hydroxide (LDH) holds great promise for gene and drug delivery systems. However, in vivo targeted delivery of genes through LDH still remains a key challenge in the development of RNA interference therapeutics. Here, we describe in vivo and in vitro delivery system for Survivin siRNA (siSurvivin) assembled with passive LDH with a particle size of 100 nm or active LDH conjugated with a cancer overexpressing receptor targeting ligand, folic acid (LDHFA), conferring them an ability to target the tumor by either EPR‐based clathrin‐mediated or folate receptor‐mediated endocytosis. When not only transfected into KB cells but also injected into xenograft mice, LDHFA/siSurvivin induced potent gene silencing at mRNA and protein levels in vitro, and consequently achieved a 3.0‐fold higher suppression of tumor volume than LDH/siSurvivin in vivo. This anti‐tumor effect was attributed to a selectively 1.2‐fold higher accumulation of siSurvivin in tumor tissue compared with other organs. Targeting to the tumor with inorganic nanovector can guide and accelerate an evolution of next‐generation theranosis system.     

Preparation and Evaluation of Novel Folate Isonitrile 99mTc Complexes as Potential Tumor Imaging Agents to Target Folate Receptors

In order to seek novel technetium-99m folate receptor-targeting agents, two folate derivatives (CN5FA and CNPFA) were synthesized and radiolabeled to obtain [^99mTc]Tc-CN5FA and [^99mTc]Tc-CNPFA complexes, which exhibited high radiochemical purity (>95%) without purification, hydrophilicity, and good stability in vitro. The KB cell competitive binding experiments indicated that [^99mTc]Tc-CN5FA and [^99mTc]Tc-CNPFA had specificity to folate receptor. Biodistribution studies in KB tumor-bearing mice illustrated that [^99mTc]Tc-CN5FA and [^99mTc]Tc-CNPFA had specific tumor uptake. Compared with [^99mTc]Tc-CN5FA, the tumor/muscle ratios of [^99mTc]Tc-CNPFA were higher, resulting in a better SPECT/CT imaging background. According to the results, the two ^99mTc complexes have potential as tumor imaging agents to target folate receptors.     

Targeting the tumor-associated folate receptor with an 111In-DTPA conjugate of pteroic acid

The cell membrane folate receptor is a potential molecular target for tumor-selective drug delivery. To probe structural requirements for folate receptor targeting with low molecular weight radiometal chelates, specifically the role of the amino acid fragment of folic acid (pteroylglutamic acid) in mediating targeting selectivity, the amide-linked conjugate pteroyl-NHCH(2)CH(2)OCH(2)CH(2)OCH(2)CH(2)NH-DTPA was prepared by a three-step procedure from pteroic acid, 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)-bis(ethylamine), and t-Bu-protected DTPA. This conjugate, 1-{2-[2-[(2-(biscarboxymethyl-amino)ethyl)-carboxymethyl-amino]ethyl]-carboxymethyl-amino}-acetylamino-3,6-dioxa-8-pteroylamino-octane (1), was employed for synthesis of the corresponding (111)In(III) radiopharmaceutical. Following intravenous administration to athymic mice, the (111)In complex of 1 was found to selectively localize in folate receptor-positive human KB tumor xenografts and to afford prolonged tumor retention of the (111)In radiolabel (5.4 +/- 0.8, 5.6 +/- 1.1, and 3.6 +/- 0.6% of the injected dose per gram of tumor at 1, 4, and 24 h, respectively). The observed tumor localization was effectively blocked by co-administration of folic acid with the (111)In-1 complex, consistent with a folate receptor-mediated targeting process. In control studies, tumor targeting with this pteroic acid conjugate appears as effective as that seen using (111)In-DTPA-folate, a radiopharmaceutical that has progressed to clinical trials for detection of folate receptor-expressing gynecological tumors.     

Fluorescent micelles based on star amphiphilic copolymer with a porphyrin core for bioimaging and drug delivery

Star-shaped poly(ε-caprolactone)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) amphiphilic copolymer with a tetrakis-(4-aminophenyl)-terminated porphyrin core was synthesized. Paclitaxel (PTX)-loaded polymeric micelles were prepared by the self-assembly of the star copolymer and in situ encapsulation of PTX. The fluorescent characteristic of the porphyrin moiety allowed the cellular uptake and biodistribution of the PTX-loaded micelles to be monitored by fluorescent imaging. The PTX-loaded micelles can be readily internalized by cancer cells and have a slightly higher cytotoxicity than clinic PTX injection Taxol. In vivo real-time fluorescent imaging revealed that the micelles could accumulate at tumor site via the blood circulation in tumor-bearing mice. In vivo antitumor efficacy examinations indicated that the PTX-loaded micelles had significantly superior efficacy in impeding tumor growth than Taxol and low toxicity to the living mice.     

Preparation and the biodistribution study of [131I]-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin and 5-(4-aminophenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin

[¹³¹I]-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin and [¹³¹I]-5-(4-aminophenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin (¹³¹I-TPPOH and ¹³¹I-TPPNH₂) were prepared and their biodistribution properties were evaluated in normal Kunming (KM) mice and SMMC-7721 tumor-bearing BALB/c mice. The optimized labeling yields were 98 and 96 % for ¹³¹I-TPPOH and ¹³¹I-TPPNH₂, respectively. They were stable in vitro saline and in vivo. Both compounds had a specific affinity to liver and lung, and mainly metabolized through liver. They showed a time-dependent accumulation and retainable characteristics in SMMC-7721 tumor. These results supported their potential value for targeted tumor therapy agents.     

Targeted thiazole orange derivative with folate: synthesis, fluorescence and in vivo fluorescence imaging

A Thiazole Orange conjugated with folate derivative was synthesized in two steps. Firstly, folate was coupled with 1-(3-aminopropyl)-4-methylquinolinium bromide to afford folate-methylquinolinium bromide, which then reacted with benzothiazolium to obtain the title folate-conjugated compound. The compound was evaluated by 1H-NMR MS, TG/DTA and fluorescence spectroscopic methods. The title compound could selectively target folate receptor expressing tumors according to the in vivo fluorescence imaging preliminarily performed on nude mice with breast tumors.     

Smart Human‐Serum‐Albumin–As2O3 Nanodrug with Self‐Amplified Folate Receptor‐Targeting Ability for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Treatment

Arsenic trioxide (ATO, As₂O₃) is currently used to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia. However, expanding its use to include high‐dose treatment of other cancers is severely hampered by serious side effects on healthy organs. To address these limitations, we loaded ATO onto folate (FA)‐labeled human serum albumin (HSA) pretreated with glutathione (GSH) based on the low pH‐ and GSH‐sensitive arsenic‐sulfur bond, and we termed the resulting smart nanodrug as FA‐HSA‐ATO. FA‐HSA‐ATO could specifically recognize folate receptor‐β‐positive (FRβ+) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells, resulting in more intracellular accumulation of ATO. Furthermore, the nanodrug could upregulate FRβ expression in CML cancer cells and xenograft tumor model, facilitating even more recruitment and uptake of FRβ‐targeting drugs. In vitro and in vivo experiments indicate that the nanodrug significantly alleviates side effects and improves therapeutic efficacy of ATO on CML and xenograft tumor model.     

<Superscript>99m</Superscript>Tc(CO)<Subscript>3</Subscript>–AOPA colchicine conjugate as a potential tumor imaging agent

This work reports the synthesis, radiolabeling and preliminary biodistribution results in tumor-bearing mice of the ^99mTc(CO)₃–AOPA colchicine conjugate. The novel ligand was successfully synthesized by conjugation of N-(acetyloxy)-2-picolylamino (AOPA) to deacetylcolchicine via a short carbonyl-methylene linker. Radiolabeling was performed in high yield with [^99mTc(CO)₃]⁺ core. ^99mTc(CO)₃–AOPA colchicine conjugate was hydrophilic and was stable at room temperature. Biodistribution studies in tumor-bearing mice showed that ^99mTc(CO)₃–AOPA colchicine conjugate accumulated in the tumor with good uptake and retention. However, its clearance from normal organs was not so fast, resulting in poor T/NT ratios. Further modification on the linker or/and ^99mTc-chelate to improve the tumor targeting efficacy and in vivo kinetic profiles is currently in progress.     

Synthesis and functional evaluation of DNA-assembled polyamidoamine dendrimer clusters for cancer cell-specific targeting

We sought to produce dendrimers conjugated to different biofunctional moieties (fluorescein [FITC] and folic acid [FA]), and then link them together using complementary DNA oligonucleotides to produce clustered molecules that target cancer cells that overexpress the high-affinity folate receptor. Amine-terminated, generation 5 polyamidoamine (G5 PAMAM) dendrimers are first partially acetylated and then conjugated with FITC or FA, followed by the covalent attachment of complementary, 5'-phosphate-modified 34-base-long oligonucleotides. Hybridization of these oligonucleotide conjugates led to the self-assembly of the FITC- and FA-conjugated dendrimers. In vitro studies of the DNA-linked dendrimer clusters indicated specific binding to KB cells expressing the folate receptor. Confocal microscopy also showed the internalization of the dendrimer cluster. These results demonstrate the ability to design and produce supramolecular arrays of dendrimers using oligonucleotide bridges. This will also allow for further development of DNA-linked dendrimer clusters as imaging agents and therapeutics.