Conversion of Methane to Ethylene with BaCe_(0.9)Y_(0.1)Co_xO_(3-δ) Hydrogen Permeation Membrane

Dehydrogenation coupling of methane (DCM),which can be effectively used to produce low carbon alkenes,has the advantages of rich raw materials,simple reaction device,low energy consumption,etc.Herein,we report a series of Co doped perovskite porous-dense Ba Ce_(0.9)Y_(0.1)Co_xO_(3-δ)(BCYCx) membrane for DCM.After treatment in a reduced atmosphere,a large number of Co nanoparticles will exsolute on the surface of BCY.The metal-oxide interface is helpful to activate the C–H bonds,inhibit the carbon deposition,and so on.The XRD,SEM and XPS prove that Co nanoparticles homogeneously distributed on the BCYCx porous layers,which will create a large quantity of catalytic active sites.At 1100℃,the highest concentration of C_2 product was 5.66%(5.25%ethane+0.41%ethylene)in output gas when methane conversion reaches a maximum value of 24.8%,and the C_2 selectivity gets to 45.6%.We further demonstrate the catalytic performance of high-temperature DCM without obvious decrease after running for 30hours.     

新型导电陶瓷Sm_0.9St_0.1Al_0.5Mn_0.5O_(3-δ)的制备及其电性能研究

采用有机凝胶法结合固相烧结技术制备了Sm_0.9St_0.1Al_0.5Mn_0.5O_(3-δ)(SSAM9 155)新犁导电陶瓷.通过TG/DTA,FTIR, XRD,SEM和直流四引线法系统研究了凝胶前驱体的热分解及其相转化过程和烧结体的结构、相稳定性、微观形貌、电导率以及电输运机制.结果表明,凝胶前驱体在900℃焙烧5 h可以形成完全晶化的四方钙钛矿相纳米粉体;高温烧结制得的SSAM9155陶瓷的电导率取决于P型电导,电导率随温度的升高而增大,导电行为符合P型小极化子跳跃机制;随烧结温度的升高或保温时间的延长,SSAM9155陶瓷的电导率和相对密度都先增大后减小,1600℃烧结10 h制得的SSAM9155陶瓷具有最高的电导率和相对密度(98%),该样品在空气和氢气气氛中850℃时的电导率分别为8.21和1.26 S·cm~(-1),表观活化能分别为0.265和0.465 eV.具有较高电导率的Sr,Mn掺杂的SmAlO_3导电陶瓷有望成为一种新型的固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)阳极材料.     

Perovskite Sr_(0.9)Fe_(0.9)Zr_(0.1)O_(3-δ):Redox-stable Structure,Oxygen Vacancy,Electrical Properties and Steam Electrolysis Performance

Many researchers have studied on perovskite oxide for its unique structure.Perovskite oxides,ABO_(3-δ),with different A and B metals have shown wide applications in many fields,in particular solid oxide electrolysers.SrFeO_(3-δ),typical perovskite oxides,in which iron is the mixed-valence cation with the capacity to change the chemical valence,have a wide range of oxygen nonstoichiometry.In this study,Sr_(0.9)Fe_(0.9)Zr_(0.1)O_(3-δ)(SFZO) is synthesized and then treated in 5%H_2/Ar and air at high temperature,exhibiting excellent redox stability.Redox-stable structure,oxygen vacancy and electrical properties of SFZO are investigated.Steam electrolysis is then performed with SFZO cathode under 5%H_2O/5%H_2/Ar and 5%H_2O/Ar atmospheres,respectively.The present results indicate that the SFZO is a novel promising cathode material for solid oxide steam electrolyser.     

Preparation and hydrogen permeation properties of BaCe_(0.95)Nd_(0.05)O_(3-δ) membranes

Dense mixed proton and electron conducting membrane made of BaCe_(0.95)Nd_(0.05)O_(3-δ)(BCNd5)was prepared by pressing followed by sintering.X-ray diffraction(XRD)was used to characterize the phase structure of both the powder and the sintered membranes.The microstructure of the sintered membranes was studied by scanning electron microscopy(SEM).Hydrogen permeation through the BCNd5 membrane was studied using a high temperature permeator.The hydrogen permeation fluxes under wet conditions are higher than those under dry conditions,which is due to H~ hopping via surface OH groups.At 925℃,a hydrogen permeation flux of 0.02 mL/min cm~2 was obtained under wet condition,which recommends BCNd5 as a potential material for hydrogen-selective membranes.     

BaCe_(0.8)Zr_(0.1)La_(0.1)O_(3-α)陶瓷的制备和电性能研究

以高温固相反应法制备了BaCe0.8Zr0.1La0.1O3-α陶瓷,用粉末X-射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对其晶体结构和断面形貌进行了表征。以陶瓷材料为固体电解质、多孔性铂为电极,用交流阻抗谱技术测定了材料在500～900℃下不同气体气氛中的电导率;用气体浓差电池方法测定了材料在干燥空气和湿润空气中的离子迁移数;研究了材料的离子导电特性。结果表明,该陶瓷材料为单一钙钛矿型BaCeO3斜方晶结构。在500～900℃下,干燥和湿润的氧气、空气和氮气中,材料的电导率随着温度升高和氧分压增大而增大。在干燥的空气中,材料的氧离子迁移数为0.06～0.17,表现为氧离子与电子空穴的混合导电性,其中,电子空穴导电为主导。在湿润的空气中,材料的质子迁移数为0.52～0.01,氧离子迁移数为0.14～0.27,表现为质子、氧离子和电子空穴的混合导电性,其中,在500～550℃下,质子导电为主导;高于550℃,电子空穴导电为主导。     

Hydrogen Permeation Performance of Ni-BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.2O3-δ Metal-Ceramic Hollow Fiber Membrane

A dense Ni-BaZr_0.1Ce_0.7Y_0.2O_3-δ (BZCY) cermet hollow fiber is fabricated by sintering NiO-BZCY hollow fiber precursors prepared by phase inversion method in 5%H₂/95%Ar and its hydrogen permeation performance is investigated. The Ni-BZCY hollow fiber membrane possesses a “sandwich” structure. Finger-like structures are observed near both the inner and outer surfaces, while a dense layer is present in the center part. With 200 mL/min wet 20%H₂/80%N₂ on the shell side and 150 mL/min high purity Ar on the core side, the hydrogen permeation flux through the Ni-BZCY hollow fiber membrane at 900 oC is 0.53 μmol/cm²s. Owing to a high packing density, the hydrogen permeation flux per unit volume is greatly improved and membrane components composed of an assembly of hollow fibers may be applied in industrial hydrogen separation.     

MgO掺杂Ce_(0.9)Sm_(0.1)O_(2-δ)固体电解质的结构和电性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成SiO2含量为5.0×10-4(w)的Ce0.9Sm0.1O2-δ(SDC)粉体(SDCSi),并将0-3.0%(x)MgO分别加入到SDCSi陶瓷粉体中,用X射线衍射(XRD)和场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)对材料进行表征,用交流阻抗谱(AC)测试材料的电性能.结果表明:MgO掺杂能使SDCSi的烧结温度降低100-200℃,提高陶瓷材料的致密度;清除或降低陶瓷材料晶界处SiO2杂质的有害影响,显著提高晶粒/晶界电导率和总电率;MgO掺杂到SDCSi具有烧结助剂和晶界杂质清除剂的双重作用.     

Electrical conductivity and defect equilibria of Pr0.1Ce0.9O(2-δ)

Praseodymium-cerium oxide (PCO) solid solutions exhibit mixed ionic electronic conductivity (MIEC) behavior in a relatively high and readily accessible oxygen partial pressure (P(O(2))) regime and as such serve as a model system for investigating the correlation between thermodynamic and kinetic properties and performance figures of merit in the areas of high temperature energy conversion, automotive control, and gas sensing applications. In this paper, we present measurements on the non-stoichiometry of Pr(0.1)Ce(0.9)O(2-δ) and develop a defect equilibria model to predict the dependence of the concentration of all the dominant charge carriers on temperature, P(O(2)), and Pr fraction. The predictive model is then employed to describe the measured electrical conductivity and oxygen nonstoichiometry whereby pre-exponentials and enthalpies of defect formation and migration are extracted.     

中温固体氧化物燃料电池高氧电催化活性BaCe_(0.5)Fe_(0.4)Co_(0.1)O_(3-δ)阴极材料的研制

以Ba(NO_3)_2, Ce(NO_3)_3·6H_2O, Fe(NO_3)_3·9H_2O, Co(NO_3)_2·6H_2O等为原料,通过EDTA-柠檬酸法合成出BaCe_(0.5)Fe_(0.4)Co_(0.1)O_(3-δ)(BCFC)阴极粉体,并制得烧结体,对BCFC粉体和烧结体的相组成,微观组织和氧还原过程等进行测试分析;以BCFC作阴极, Sm_(0.2)Ce_(0.8)O_(2-δ)(SDC)为电解质,NiO-SDC为阳极,组装对称电池和单电池,并进行电化学性能测试分析。实验结果表明:所合成的BCFC粉体原位产生BaCe_(0.15)Fe_(0.75)Co_(0.1)O_(3-δ)和BaCe_(0.85)Fe_(0.05)Co_(0.1)O_(3-δ)两相; BCFC在700℃时的表面氧交换系数(K_(chem))为3.8×10~(-4) cm·s~(-1)。对称电池在600℃的比表面电阻(ASR)为0.819Ω·cm~2,400 h长期性测试和10次热震循环试验后, ASR保持在1.6Ω·cm~2左右;单电池在700和650℃时的最大功率密度分别为290和204 mW·cm~(-2),对应的开路电压分别为0.80和0.82 V。初步研究结果表明BCFC应用于中温固体氧化物燃料电池具有良好的电化学性能和稳定性。     

新型电解质材料CaZr_(0.1)Ti_(0.9)O_3的制备与电性能

采用溶胶-燃烧法合成了可用于固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)的新型固体电解质材料CaZr_(0.1)Ti_(0.9)O_3.通过XRD、交流复阻抗等电化学方法对样品的结构、电导性能进行了表征,并考察了材料的烧结性能. 结果表明,溶胶-燃烧法可以成功制备出具有良好烧结性能的CaZr_(0.1)Ti_(0.9)O_3电解质粉末,1 400 ℃下得到的烧结体的相对密度可达到95%. 电性能测试表明,CaZr_(0.1)Ti_(0.9)O_3烧结体在中温范围内具有较高的氧离子电导率(σ_(800 ℃)＝2.24×10~(-3)S/cm)、低的电导活化能(0.89 eV).     

Ce_(0.8)Nd_(0.2)O_(1.9)-La_(0.95)Sr_(0.05)Ga_(0.9)Mg_(0.1)O_(3-δ)固体复合电解质的结构和电性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法分别制备La0.95Sr0.05Ga0.9Mg0.1O3-δ(LSGM)和Ce0.8Nd0.2O1.9(NDC)电解质,并在NDC溶胶中加入0-15%(w,质量分数)的LSGM预烧粉体制得NDC-LSGM复合电解质,研究不同质量比复合电解质的结构和电性能.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)和X能量色散谱仪(EDS)对样品进行结构表征,交流(AC)阻抗谱测试样品导电性能.结果表明:NDC-LSGM复合体系主要由立方萤石结构相、钙钛矿结构相和杂质相组成;LSGM的添加可促进晶粒的生长,产生大量相界面,清除或降低SiO2有害影响,明显提高晶界导电性;LSGM质量分数为10%的样品NL10具有最高晶界电导率和总电导率,400°C时NL10的晶界电导率σgb和总电导率σt分别为12.15×10-4和3.49×10-4S cm-1,与NDC的σgb(1.41×10-4S cm-1)和σt(1.20×10-4S cm-1)相比分别提高了7.62和1.91倍,总电导率的提高主要归因于晶界电导率的影响.     

Ba_(0.95)Ce_(0.9)Y_(0.1)O_(3-α)固体电解质的氧离子导电性

0引 言 岩原于 1981年发现,某些以低氧化态金属阳离子掺杂的钙钛矿型 SrCeO3烧结体,在高温（ 600～ 1000℃）范围和水蒸气或氢气气氛中显示良好的质子导电性 [1],其后,又陆续发现,掺杂的 BaCeO3, CaZrO3, SrZrO3, BaZrO3等固体电解质亦具有良好的质子导电性 [2～ 5]。这些钙钛矿型氧化物陶瓷材料可用作中高温氢氧燃料电池,氢传感器,氢的电解制备、分离和提纯,有机合成的催化加氢和脱氢等能源变换及各种电化学装置的固体电解质,具有十分重要的应用价值及广泛的应用前景 [6～ 11]。 在相同条件下,掺杂的 BaCeO3陶瓷具有…     

BaCe_(0.8-x)Nb_xGd_(0.2)O_(3-δ)(0≤x≤0.45)的制备及性能研究

采用高温固相反应法制备了质子导体BaCe0.8-xNbxGd0.2O3-δ(0≤x≤0.45)。结合XRD、SEM、EIS等技术对其物相、微观形貌、稳定性及电导率进行了研究。结果表明,在1600℃烧结5h制备的质子导体BaCe0.8-xNbxGd0.2O3-δ(0≤x≤0.45)均能保持主相为斜方晶的钙钛矿结构。Nb的加入可明显提高烧结样品的致密性及在CO2和水蒸气气氛下的稳定性。在湿润H2/Ar(0.4%,V/V)气氛中800℃下,x=0.1样品的电导率为5.73mS·cm-1,电导活化能为0.35eV,与x=0的样品相当。     

Effect of Various Synthesis methods on the Electrochemical Properties of LiNi_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_2

Layered LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 has the isostructure of α-NaFeO2 and shows high rate capacity with stable cycleability. Furthermore, the thermal behavior of this material is milder than that of lithium nickel oxide and lithium cobalt oxide. In addition, it is expected to be stable at elevated temperatures. Therefore LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 may be the most promising cathode materials of lithium-ion secondary battery. In this research, LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 was prepared by solid-state reaction, s…     

Preliminary Study on Hydrogen Permeation and Stability of BaCe0.90Y0.10O3-δ Membrane under Asymmetric Atm osphere

High-temperature proton conductors (HTPC) have been extensively studied since I wahara et al?1? reported protonic conduction in SrCeO3-based oxid es. Later, the BaCeO3-based oxides, such as BaCe0.90Yb0.10O3- d (BCYb10) and BaCe0.90Y0.10-O3-d (BCY10), we re fou nd to show higher conductivity?2?. High electronic and protonic conducti vity makes BCY10 a potential membrane for hydrogen separation?3?. Thin f ilms with high density, most probably made by sequential coating on porous subst rates, are imperative in order to promote hydrogen permeation flux?4?. T his makes it more necessary for such membranes to be kept stable and unspoilt un der asymmetric hydrogen-permeation atmosphere at elevated temperatures. In this paper, the stability and hydrogen permeation ability of BCY10 membrane are stud ied by XRD, SEM, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, H2-TPR process and hydrogen permeation experiment. The results showed that hydrogen cannot permeate through the BCY10 membrane without surface modification, and its surface cannot keep a uniform perovskite structure in the asymmetric atmosphere.     

SrFe_(0.6)Cu_(0.3)Ti_(0.1)O_(3-δ)混合导体透氧材料的稳定性

利用柠檬酸络合法制备了SrFe(Cu,Ti)O_(3-δ)混合导体透氧材料. 采用XRD、O_2-TPD、H_2-TPR、SEM等测试技术考察了材料的稳定性. 结果表明,SrFe_(0.7)Cu_(0.3)O_(3-δ)在低氧压下会发生相分解,产生SrCuO__2杂相,而掺杂Ti后的SrFe_(0.6)Cu_(0.3)Ti_(0.1)O_(3-δ)在低氧压下保持单一的钙钛矿结构. H_2-TPR和O_2-TPD的测试表明,Ti~(4+)的掺杂提高了材料的氧脱附起始温度和其它金属离子的还原温度. SrFe_(0.6)Cu_(0.3)Ti_(0.1)O_(3-δ)膜在透氧过程中,会有Cu~(2+)和Sr~(2+)从钙钛矿结构中析出,在原晶粒边界形成新的小晶粒,但这种轻微的组分偏析没有影响到材料的透氧量,此透氧膜在66 h的操作过程中显示了良好的稳定性.     

Ag/Yb掺杂对Ca_3Co_(3.9)Cu_(0.1)O_(9-δ)热电性能的影响

采用溶胶凝胶及冷压方法,通过在Ca_3Co_(3.9)Cu_(0.1)O_(9-δ)体系中引入不同量的Ag~+或Yb~(3+)离子来调控体系的热电性能,制备了可在300~880 K下稳定存在且热电性能优良的陶瓷材料Ca_(3-x)Ag_xCo_(3.9)Cu_(0.1)O_(9-δ)(x=0.1,0.15,0.2,0.3)和Ca_(3-y)Yb_yCo_(3.9)Cu_(0.1)O_(9-δ)(y=0.05,0.1,0.2,0.3).通过X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等测试手段对产物进行了表征,结果显示所制备的样品纯度较高,晶粒均匀,晶粒间较致密.适量的Ag~+,Yb~(3+)离子取代Ca~(2+)离子固溶到晶体中使制备的双掺杂材料晶胞体积发生了变化,但并未引起晶体对称结构的变化.电阻率和Seebeck系数的表征结果说明双掺杂优化了载流子的浓度,随着温度的升高电阻率不断减小,Seebeck系数不断增大.经过计算可知Seebeck系数的增大还有电子有效质量的贡献.热导率表征结果显示双掺杂体系的热导率随着温度的升高而减小,其中声子热导依然起主要作用,这与单掺杂体系的结果一致.随着温度的升高,双掺杂样品Ca_(2.7)Ag_(0.3)Co_(3.9)Cu_(0.1)O_(9-δ)在880 K下ZT值达到最大,为0.2.     

La0.8Sr0.2-xCaxCo0.9Fe0.1O3-δ的合成与电性能

利用X射线衍射 (XRD)、差热 热重 (DSC/TG)与直流四探针测试分析方法研究了少量Ca取代LaCoO3 中部分La的合成过程及对其电导率的作用。采用固相反应合成的La0 .8Sr0 .2 -xCaxCo0 .9Fe0 .1 O3 -δ(LSCCF ,0≤x≤ 0 1)氧化物为单一钙钛矿相 ,其烧结过程可以分为 3个阶段 :即反应原料的变化 ;LaCoO3 基氧化物的生成 ;LSCCF固溶体的形成。LSCCF复合掺杂材料电导率的最大值都超过了 10 0S·cm- 1 ,其导电机制可以用p型小极子的绝热空隙理论来解释     

Electrochemical Properties of Spinel LiMn_2O_(4-δ)F_δ for Cathode Materials of Secondary Lithium-ion Battery

Inrecentyears,withthedevelopmentofallsortsofcellularphones,camcorders,laptopcomputers,thelithium-ionsecondarybatteriesbasedontheuseofmanganese-lithiumoxideLiMn,O.withlowtoxicityandcostattractmuchattention.ButtheLiMn,O.cathodematerialhasthedisadvantageofpoorstructUralinstabilityasaresultoftheJahnTellereffectcausedbyMn3 .ManyresearchershavemadegreateffortstoimproveitsstructuralstabilitybycanonsubstitUtion,bUtlittlerewardhasbeenreceived.Weadoptedanionsubstitutionasanewmethodtoreachthisgoal,a…