Pitting on the 20Kh13 steel in chloride solutions

The dependences of the pitting potential, determined by potentiodynamic method, on the NaCl solution concentration, pH, and temperature are found. The repassivation potential and the induction time for the pitting under different conditions are determined. The corrosion potential and kinetic parameters of the steel dissolution in pits are measured. The corrosion current is evaluated, leading to the determination of the steel dissolution rate in pits at the corrosion potential.     

孔蚀阴极保护电位测试方法的研究

采用模拟闭塞电池法和模拟闭塞区溶液法测定了０Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９奥氏不锈钢０．５ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１ＮａＣｌ溶液体系在孔蚀的不同阶段孔内外间电流的换向电位ＥＴ．结果表明,在一定的范围内,ＥＴ值随闭塞区溶液组成的变化而变化．将ＥＴ与由孔蚀滞后环法于不同扫描速度和不同回扫电流所测得的孔蚀保护电位ＥＰ值作比较,发现ＥＰ值范围处于ＥＴ值范围之内,定义ＥＴ的下限值－４４０ｍＶ为孔蚀阴极保护电位     

磁场对316L不锈钢微生物腐蚀行为的影响

采用循环极化、微生物分析法、扫描电镜及表面能谱分析等方法,研究了磁场对316L不锈钢在含硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)的土壤模拟溶液中的腐蚀行为。结果表明,磁场可以抑制SRB的生长;未外加磁场时316L不锈钢表面膜层以局部堆积为主,加有磁场时,局部堆积明显减小,膜层均匀致密的排列于基体表面;无论有或没有外加磁场,316L不锈钢表面均发生钝化膜破裂型点蚀,未外加磁场时的点蚀电位低于加有磁场时的。在相同的浸泡时间,未外加磁场时循环极化滞后环面积明显比加有磁场时的大,说明磁场可以有效抑制316L不锈钢点蚀的形成与发展,降低316L不锈钢的点蚀诱发能力。     

Pitting Corrosion Mechanisms and Characteristics of Aluminum in Solar Heating Systems

The complex characteristics and mechanisms of aluminum pitting corrosion in a solar heating system were studied by the chemical immersion method and electrochemical techniques as well as fractal theory. The results showed that pitting corrosion of Al occurred in a tap water environment due to the local enrichment of Cl^? ions. The higher the Cl^? ions concentration, the more negative the critical pitting potential (E_b) of Al. A linear relationship between E_b and the logarithm of Cl^? ions concentration was observed. The pitting corrosion mechanism of Al in neutral water was explained in terms of complexation corrosion theory. The corrosion surface images of aluminum immersed in tap water were captured and analyzed by image processing technique and box‐dimension method. The fractal characteristics of pit distribution, described by fractal dimension, have been identified. The fractal dimension of the pit distribution increased with the increase of immersion time and had the same trend as that of the weight loss. Fractal dimension can, thus, be used as an important parameter for quantitative evaluation of pitting corrosion of aluminum.     

LY12铝合金表面稀土转化膜腐蚀行为的研究

通过金相观察和Ｘ射线射能谱分析研究了ＬＹ１２铝合金表面两种稀土转化膜的腐蚀行为,在ＮａＣｌ溶液中稀土转化膜的腐蚀以点腐蚀开始,点蚀处基体含Ｃｕ量高。根据Ｍａｎｓｆｅｌｄ点腐蚀模型等效电路提出了利用电化学阻抗谱研究稀土转化膜在ＮａＣｌ溶液中腐蚀程度的新方法,转化膜在ＮａＣｌ淀粉 中浸泡时间较短、腐蚀不太严重的情况下,等效电路中的Ｗａｒｂｕｒｇ阻抗Ｗ可以忽略,简化等效电路得出了计算转化膜表面点腐蚀百分     

XPS imaging investigations of pitting corrosion mechanisms in Inconel 600

The surface chemistry associated with pitting corrosion on a nickel‐based alloy, Inconel 600, has been studied using imaging x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The irregularity of the sample surfaces necessitated a more elaborate background correction than is usually applied in such imaging. Areas of active pitting were found to contain corrosion products that are high in chromium oxide and depleted in nickel and iron. Sites of anodic activity on the surface were able to be defined more clearly using principal component analysis. Elements that are dissolved preferentially are deposited cathodically within well‐defined regions whose distance from the anodic pit appears related to the open‐circuit potential. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Corrosion behaviour of aluminium in the presence of neutrons and gamma radiations

The corrosion of aluminium has been studied employing the irradiation in situ by neutrons from²⁵²Cf and gamma radiations from⁶⁰Co. The effects of irradiation indicated the absence of pitting, suppression of the corrosion rate, i. e., quantitative reduction in corrosion when measured as weight loss as compared with unirradiated specimens. A protective grayish layer had emerged on the specimen surface which was akin to that formed in simulated experimental conditions carried out in presence of hydrogen peroxide. The possible mechanisms of the elimination of pitting and formation of grayish layer on the surface are discussed.     

基于电化学噪声研究模拟海洋大气环境下304不锈钢的点蚀行为

基于电化学噪声技术建立了不锈钢海洋大气点蚀监测系统,利用该系统对处于干湿循环环境下不锈钢的点蚀行为进行监测. 使用时域谱图、时域统计、频域谱图和散粒噪声理论等分析方法对采集到的电化学噪声数据进行处理分析,并结合动电位极化法,形貌分析法共同研究不锈钢的点蚀行为. 研究结果表明,304不锈钢在模拟海洋大气环境下的点蚀行为分为钝化、亚稳态点蚀和稳态点蚀三个阶段. 在钝化阶段,电位电流噪声信号出现少量的同步异向波动,腐蚀事件发生频率高,平均电量低;在亚稳态点蚀阶段,电位电流噪声信号出现大量的同步同向波动,腐蚀事件发生频率降低,平均电量上升,通过扫描电镜观察蚀点;在稳态点蚀阶段,电位电流噪声信号不仅存在大量的同步同向波动,还出现了同步异向波动,腐蚀事件发生频率较低,平均电量大幅度上升,通过扫描电镜观察到电极表面出现小而浅的蚀点. 而动电位极化法可以证实304不锈钢点蚀的发生. 两种分析方法所得结果具有较好的一致性,证明该监测系统很好地实现了对模拟海洋大气环境下304不锈钢点蚀行为的连续监测,并能判断点蚀的发生.     

玉米醇溶蛋白/十二烷基硫酸钠复合物对碳钢的缓蚀效应

通过失重法、扫描电镜和极化曲线法研究了玉米醇溶蛋白/十二烷基硫酸钠(zein/SDS)复合物对碳钢的缓蚀效应。在1mol/L盐酸溶液中,加入0.05‰zein对碳钢的缓蚀率为65.5%,而加入zein/SDS复合物(0.05‰zein+0～8mmol/L SDS)能够使碳钢的缓蚀率逐渐增高至90.1%。随着zein/SDS复合物中SDS浓度的增大,碳钢表面逐渐由深坑面腐蚀变为局部点腐蚀,最终趋于平整。极化曲线测试表明,zein/SDS复合物能够有效抑制碳钢表面电极反应的发生。纯zein与碳钢表面吸附的ΔG_(ads)值表明,zein在碳钢表面主要发生静电吸附作用,而zein/SDS复合物对碳钢的缓蚀效应主要来源于zein同碳钢表面之间的配位吸附作用,这是由于SDS类胶束之间的静电斥力引起zein空间构象的改变。     

The passivation current density as a parameter for a non-destructive test on plants of the pitting corrosion resistance of welded NiCrMo alloys

The test methods used so far for the pitting corrosion resistance of weldments of high-alloyed NiCrMo alloys are not suitable for a test directly on plants. Therefore, the passivation current density was qualified as a parameter for the pitting corrosion resistance and its correlation with critical pitting temperatures examined by varying the heat treatment, the weld heat input and the surface treatment. The measuring cell developed for this test can be fitted fast and safely on surfaces with an inclination up to 90° and on cambered surfaces (r≥750 mm). Afterwards, it can be loosened again without any deposits.Dedicated to Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil Dr. h.c. mult. Kurt Schwabe on the occasion of his 100th birthday.     

含钪铝镁合金微生物腐蚀行为的研究

采用电化学、微生物学和表面分析的方法，研究了厌氧环境硫酸盐还原菌（subtere ducing bacteria，SRB）溶液中Al-6Mg-Zr添加Sc元素前后的腐蚀行为。结果表明，添加Sc元素后，合金的氧化膜更加致密，具有更好的保护作用，使电极开路电位正移100mV左右，同时Sc元素的加入降低了材料在SRB菌液中的点蚀敏感性，使材料耐微生物腐蚀性能得到提高，但是添加Sc后的合金对SRB更加敏感。显微观察表明添加Sc前后两种铝镁合金的腐蚀特征均为点蚀，能谱分析表明随浸泡时间增加，腐蚀越来越严重，腐蚀产物堆积和阳极金属溶解造成进一步腐蚀。     

稀土对碳锰纯净钢耐腐蚀性能的影响

在碳锰纯净钢中加入稀土元素镧和铈, 用电化学方法测定了腐蚀电流icorr和点蚀特征电位Eb. 结果表明, 稀土种类和含量对碳锰纯净钢的腐蚀性能存在影响, 镧、铈的适宜含量分别为0.011%和0.014%左右. 稀土的作用与它引起的组织变化和对极化过程中试样表面状况的影响有关.     

人工体液中TiNiCu形状记忆合金的电化学行为

在Hank’s人工模拟体液中对TiNiCu形状记忆合金的电化学行为进行了研究 .结果表明 ,TiNiCu合金阳极极化时 ,于酸性条件下合金的钝化区较窄、在 10 0～ 150mV电位区间出现了阳极活性溶解 ,钝化膜受到破坏 .pH的降低和Cl- 浓度的升高 ,使孔蚀电位负移 .在Hank’s人工模拟体液中TiNiCu合金的电化学性能比TiNi形状记忆合金劣 ,其原因是TiNiCu合金的晶体结构不单一 ,造成电化学性质不均一 ,构成腐蚀原电池 ,加之晶界析出富Ti的Ti2 Ni析出物成为孔蚀诱发的敏感位置     

模拟混凝土孔隙液中钢筋腐蚀的氯离子临界浓度测试

应用扫描微参比电极法,测量钢筋在模拟混凝土孔隙液中的表面微区电位分布;考察在一定pH值时氯离子浓度对溶液中钢筋腐蚀行为的影响。采用逐步逼近法,测试引起钢筋发生点腐蚀的氯离子临界浓度。当溶液pH为12.0时,可以观察到氯离子浓度变化引起钢筋点腐蚀的变化过程,从而确定氯离子浓度临界值为0.04~0.05 mol/L。     

镍合金在含硫代硫酸根离子之氯化钠水溶液中的孔蚀研究

本文研究硫代硫酸根离子对镍基６９０合金在氯化钠水溶液中之孔蚀行为。发现在单纯硫代硫酸钠水溶液中,镍基６９０合金不发生孔蚀。在氯化钠水溶液中,当添加的硫代硫酸根离子浓度低时,会增进孔蚀的敏感性;当硫代硫酸根离子浓度高时,则反面抑制孔蚀。     

Corrosion behavior of aluminum in 1 M HCl solution

The corrosion behavior of pure (99.999) aluminum in 1 M HCl solution is studied. The regularities of local gas evolution on the surface of test specimen at the open-circuit potential are determined. A number of sites, where hydrogen gas evolves, varies with the time passing through a maximum. The sizes of bubbles prior to their detachment from the specimen surface are determined. The time dependences of gas bubble radius in the course of the bubble growth are obtained. From the experimental results, it is concluded that, at the sites of hydrogen gas evolution, the cathodic reaction prevails, whereas the anodic reaction (aluminum etching) proceeds at the rest specimen surface area. No pits form at the sites of hydrogen evolution during the experiments (up to 5 h). The quantitative analysis of the cathodic polarization curve enabled us to estimate the rate (the corrosion current density) of almost general corrosion after the decay of local gas evolution. The long-term experiments (for 2 months) showed that the pitting corrosion of pure aluminum takes place in 1 M HCl.     

Pitting of Al and Al–Si alloys in KSCN solutions and the effect of light

The pitting corrosion susceptibility of pure Al and three Al-Si alloys, namely (Al-6%Si), (Al-12%Si) and (Al-18%Si) has been studied in 0.04 M KSCN solution. Measurements were carried out under the effect of various experimental conditions using cyclic polarization, potentiostatic and galvanostatic techniques. In all cases, the potentiodynamic anodic polarization curves do not exhibit active dissolution region due to spontaneous passivation. The passivity is due to the presence of a thin film of Al₂O₃ on the anode surface. The passive region is followed by pitting corrosion, at a certain critical potential, pitting potential (E_pit), as a result of breakdown of the passive film by SCN^? anions. Cyclic polarization measurements allowed the determination of the pitting corrosion parameters, namely the pitting potential and the repassivation potential (E_rp). Alloyed Si decreased the passive current (j_pass) and shifted both E_pit and E_rp towards more positive values. Thus alloyed Si suppressed pitting attack. The effect of illumination on passivity and the initiation of pitting corrosion on Al in KSCN solutions was also studied. It is observed that illumination of Al leads to an increase in its pitting corrosion resistance-apparent from j_pass, E_pit, and E_rp measurements in aggressive KSCN solutions.     

苯并三唑对水泥砂浆中钢筋的阻锈作用

应用腐蚀电位(E_corr)、极化电阻(R_p)和砂浆保护层电阻率(ρ_c)研究了苯并三唑(BTA)对钢筋电极腐蚀电化学行为的影响. 通过电化学阻抗谱(EIS)、循环极化(CP)和循环伏安(CV)结果对比了BTA与NaNO₂ (SN)对钢筋电极在未处理、预锈蚀和内掺氯盐3种状态下3.5% (w)氯盐浸泡360 d后的阻锈效率. 利用环境扫描电镜(ESEM)与能谱分析(EDS)解释了BTA对水泥基材料中钢筋的阻锈机理. 结果表明: 3种状态下BTA均能明显降低砂浆中钢筋的均匀腐蚀速率, 且其阻锈效率高于SN. 在未处理与预锈状态下, BTA抑制点蚀的能力稍弱于SN; 但在内掺氯盐的状态下, BTA表现出了较大的点蚀阻力. BTA除了能在钢筋表面形成复杂的保护膜, 从而有效抑制氯盐的破钝化作用. ESEM/EDS结果表明BTA还能与砂浆基体形成较多富钙C-S-H凝胶, 可能优化了钢筋/砂浆界面区的孔结构, 形成更致密的微观结构, 显著延缓了氯盐向钢筋表面的传输进程, 较好地保护了钢筋. 适量的BTA对砂浆360 d的基本力学性能无明显影响.     

A3钢在氧化亚铁硫杆菌、链霉菌及其混合菌体系中的腐蚀行为

采用电化学方法和表面分析技术研究了A3钢在链霉菌(Stremptomyces)和氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Thiobacillus fer-rooxidans,T.f)单独及共同作用下的腐蚀行为.结果表明,试样在不同的含菌腐蚀体系中浸泡7d后,表面生成了不均匀的生物膜层,并表现出各不相同的形貌特征;A3钢在氧化亚铁硫杆菌和链霉菌单种菌作用下发生了局部腐蚀,而混合菌体系中的试样发生均匀腐蚀;混合菌体系中A3钢的腐蚀失重速率介于两种菌单独存在时的腐蚀失重速率之间;试样浸泡14d后的电化学阻抗谱(EIS)测试结果表明,A3钢电极在氧化亚铁硫杆菌-链霉菌混合菌体系中的阻抗值介于两种单菌腐蚀体系之间.以上研究结果表明,A3钢在链霉菌体系中腐蚀最重,混合菌体系其次,氧化亚铁硫杆菌体系中腐蚀最轻.     

钛合金在FGD系统中的腐蚀行为研究

商用纯钛试片实地悬挂于排烟脱硫 (FGD)系统中的冷却器、除尘塔、吸收塔、加热器等不同位置 ,经历 2 71d现场重量损失试验后 ,观察得知商用纯钛在 4个位置均有良好之耐蚀性 (腐蚀速率 1mpy) ,且以在除尘塔中的腐蚀速率最低 (mpy值为 0 ) ,加热器中的腐蚀速率最高 (mpy值为0 .58) .SEM观察结果显示钛在加热器中有孔蚀现象 .ESCA分析结果得知 :在加热器位置中钛生成硝酸盐 ,在除尘塔位置中钛表面未发现钛化物而有碳酸钙厚膜覆盖 .在通氮气及通氧气之绿色溶液中进行直流电动态极化以探讨钛在FGD系统中不同位置腐蚀行为之差异