以手性两亲小分子为模板剂制备介孔二氧化硅纳米空心球

以L-亮氨酸为手性源合成了手性阳离子两亲性小分子化合物L-18Leu6NEtBr,用其自组装体作为模板,氢氧化钠为催化剂,经溶胶-凝胶过程制备出介孔二氧化硅纳米空心球;分析了介孔二氧化硅纳米空心球的尺寸和孔径.结果表明,所制备的二氧化硅空心球直径约100nm;其介孔孔道平行于壳表面,孔径为3.1nm.     

以L-苯甘氨酸衍生物为模板制备介孔SiO_2纳米空心球

用L-苯甘氨酸合成了L-苯甘氨酸衍生物阳离子两亲化合物,以其自组装体为模板,采用四乙氧基硅烷为硅源,制备了介孔SiO_2空心球.结果表明,制备的介孔SiO_2纳米粒子直径50~200nm,孔径3.8nm左右,孔道成平行排列.     

管壁具有球形介孔的左手螺旋二氧化硅纳米管的制备

通过双模板方法合成了一种管壁具有球形介孔的单手螺旋二氧化硅纳米管.其中,手性两亲性小分子的自组装体控制纳米管的形貌,三嵌段共聚物F127控制管壁中介孔结构和孔径.并借助透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、多通道物理吸附与孔径分布仪和X-射线多晶衍射分析方法对样品进行了表征.结果表明,此材料的比表面积高达799m2/g,孔径大约是5.7nm.     

介孔二氧化硅空心纳米蠕虫的制备

用L-苯丙氨酸衍生物的自组装体作为模板,四甲基氢氧化铵为催化剂,经溶胶-凝胶过程,制备出蠕虫状介孔二氧化硅纳米空心结构材料.表征结果显示,该二氧化硅的长度约为100～150nm,直径约30～50nm.介孔孔道平行于壳的表面,孔径为3.8nm.     

以卵磷脂为手性添加剂制备手性介孔二氧化硅

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)的自组装体为模板,卵磷脂(PC)为手性添加剂,在n PC∶nCTAB=1∶21时,通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了螺旋介孔二氧化硅纳米棒。利用扫描电镜(FESEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X-射线衍射以及氮气吸附-脱附等测试手段,对该纳米棒的形貌以及孔结构进行了表征。TEM显示该纳米棒的长度约为50～200 nm,直径约为30～50 nm。X-射线衍射表明孔道呈二维六方排列,虽然FESEM显示纳米棒左右手比例约为1∶1,但通过圆二色谱表征证明该纳米棒在埃尺度下倾向于形成单一手性。结果表明,卵磷脂的手性可以传递到螺旋介孔二氧化硅纳米棒中。     

以卵磷脂为手性添加剂制备手性介孔二氧化硅

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)的自组装体为模板,卵磷脂(PC)为手性添加剂,在n_PC:n_CTAB=1:21时,通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了螺旋介孔二氧化硅纳米棒。利用扫描电镜(FESEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X-射线衍射以及氮气吸附-脱附等测试手段,对该纳米棒的形貌以及孔结构进行了表征。TEM显示该纳米棒的长度约为50~200nm,直径约为30~50nm。X-射线衍射表明孔道呈二维六方排列,虽然FESEM显示纳米棒左右手比例约为1:1,但通过圆二色谱表征证明该纳米棒在埃尺度下倾向于形成单一手性。结果表明,卵磷脂的手性可以传递到螺旋介孔二氧化硅纳米棒中。     

手性有机-无机杂化氧化硅纳米管的制备

依照文献以L-苯甘氨酸为手性源合成了一个手性阴离子两亲小分子化合物.利用圆二色谱表征了该化合物水中的自组装行为.通过溶胶-凝胶复制法,以该手性两亲小分子化合物和结构助剂的组装体为模板制备了右手螺旋有机-无机杂化氧化硅纳米管.圆二色谱表征结果表明,4,4′-亚联苯基氧化硅中的联苯基团呈手性堆积.     

以阴离子多肽为模板合成二氧化硅纳米空心球

以聚阴离子多肽(聚谷氨酸钠)控制合成了微孔二氧化硅空心球. 在合成过程中, 以3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷(APMS)和正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源, 聚谷氨酸钠为模板. 硅源与阴离子多肽模板之间的组装依照以阴离子表面活性剂为模板剂组装合成介孔二氧化硅的机理, 即S-N+-I-机理, 其中S表示阴离子多肽, I表示TEOS, N表示共结构导向剂APMS. 组装过程中质子化的APMS与阴离子多肽之间形成静电相互作用, 同时, AMPS和TEOS共同水解聚合形成围绕阴离子多肽模板的二氧化硅骨架, 多肽的二级结构为微孔孔道的模板. 以阴离子多肽为模板可以在不同的实验条件下控制微孔纳米空心球, 微孔亚微米空心球和实心球形貌的合成. 在生物矿化过程中, 阴离子多肽往往控制碳酸钙或磷酸钙的沉积, 而我们的实验结果表明, 在适当的硅源存在下, 阴离子多肽也可以诱导二氧化硅的沉积.     

1,2-亚乙基氧化硅螺旋纳米管在制备过程中的手性反转

以D-缬氨酸为手性源合成了手性阴离子两亲性小分子化合物D-C12ValC10COONa. 用圆二色谱表征了该化合物在溶液和胶体中的自组装行为. 通过溶胶\|凝胶复制法, 以该手性化合物和结构助剂3-(三甲氧基硅基)丙胺的组装体为模板, 制备了左手螺旋1,2-亚乙基氧化硅纳米管. 扫描电镜和透射电子显微镜研究显示, 调节溶液浓度和pH值可以控制1,2-亚乙基氧化硅纳米管的手性, 而温度和溶剂配比的改变对纳米管手性并无影响.     

孔径可调的介孔SiO2自支持薄膜的溶剂挥发诱导自组装合成与表征

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为模板剂, 正硅酸乙酯为硅源, 在弱酸性条件下利用溶剂挥发诱导自组装(EISA)合成出具有介孔结构的二氧化硅薄膜. 通过控制EISA过程中溶剂挥发的环境, 可在1.4~3.1 nm的范围内调节介孔结构的孔径. 实验表明, 较快的溶剂挥发速率有助于较大孔径的介孔结构生成. 用该方法合成的介孔薄膜具有蠕虫状孔道结构和良好的孔径均一性. 在外观上, 该薄膜具有均匀、透明和无缺陷等特点, 可以自支撑, 并且具有一定的韧性.     

Facile synthesis of monodisperse microspheres and gigantic hollow shells of mesoporous silica in mixed water-ethanol solvents

Mesoporous silica materials with a variety of morphologies, such as monodisperse microspheres, gigantic hollow structures comprising a thin shell with a hole, and gigantic hollow structures consisting of an outer thin shell and an inner layer composed of many small spheres, have been readily synthesized in mixed water-ethanol solvents at room temperature using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as the template. The obtained mesoporous silica generally shows a disordered mesostructure with typical average pore sizes ranging from 3.1 to 3.8 nm. The effects of the water-to-ethanol volume ratio (r), the volume content of tetraethyl orthosilicate TEOS (x), and the CTAB concentration in the solution on the final morphology of the mesoporous silica products have been investigated. The growth process of gigantic hollow shells of mesoporous silica through templating emulsion droplets of TEOS in mixed water-ethanol solution has been monitored directly with optical microscopy. Generally, the morphology of mesoporous silica can be regulated from microspheres through gigantic hollow structures composed of small spheres to gigantic hollow structures with a thin shell by increasing the water-to-ethanol volume ratio, increasing the TEOS volume content, or decreasing the CTAB concentration. A plausible mechanism for the morphological regulation of mesoporous silica by adjusting various experimental parameters has been put forward by considering the existing state of the unhydrolyzed and partially hydrolyzed TEOS in the synthesis system.     

几种手性醇在纤维素键合的SBA-15基手性固定相上的直接拆分

在强酸性条件下, 以三嵌段聚醚P123为模板, 合成了孔径大且粒径均匀的SBA-15介孔二氧化硅微球. 将含有少量三乙氧硅丙基氨基甲酸酯残基的纤维素-三(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)通过分子间缩聚作用固载到氨丙基化的SBA-15微球上, 制得手性固定相; 采用常规和非常规的流动相模式, 对一些芳香醇的消旋体进行了手性拆分. 实验结果表明, 所制备的SBA-15微球不仅分散性良好, 具有规则的二维六方孔道结构, 而且消除了微孔; 所制备的键合手性固定相不仅固载手性选择剂的量大, 而且经六甲基二硅胺烷封端后可有效改善拖尾现象, 对实验选用的手性醇具有较高的拆分能力; 与大孔硅胶为基质的同类纤维素键合手性固定相相比, 该固定相对同种手性消旋体的分离因子明显提高.     

Study on the morphological regulation mechanism of hollow silica microsphere prepared via emulsion droplet template

The morphology regulation of hollow silica microspheres is significant for their properties and applications. In this paper, hollow silica microspheres were formed through the hydrolysis and condensation reaction of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) at the interface of the emulsion droplet templates composed of liquid paraffin and TEOS, followed by dissolving paraffin with ethanol. The effects of various factors including the emulsifier structure and content, TEOS content, catalyst type, and the ethanol content in the continuous water phase on the particle size, shell thickness and morphology of the prepared hollow silica microspheres were studied in detail. The results show that the diffusion and contact of TEOS and water molecules as well as the hydrolysis condensation reaction of TEOS at the oil-water interface are two critical processes for the synthesis and morphological regulation of hollow silica microspheres. Cationic emulsifier with a hydrophobic chain of appropriate length is the prerequisite for the successful synthesis of hollow silica microspheres. The ethanol content in water phase is the dominant factor to determine the average diameter of hollow microspheres, which can vary from 96 nm to 660 nm with the increase of the volume ratio of alcohol-water from 0 to 0.7. The silica wall thickness varies with the content and the hydrophobic chain length of the emulsifier, TEOS content, and the activity of the catalyst. The component of the soft template will affect the morphology of the silica wall. When the liquid paraffin is replaced by cyclohexane, hollow microspheres with fibrous mesoporous silica wall are fabricated. This work not only enriches the basic theory of interfacial polymerization in the emulsion system, but also provides ideas and methods for expanding the morphology and application of hollow silica microspheres.     

基于L-谷氨酸的手性硅胶球的制备及其应用

无机介孔硅球因其具有足够的机械强度、热稳定性,以及适应多种流动相的优点,成为高效液相色谱(HPLC)柱填料中使用最广泛和最重要的材料。但在此研究领域中,并未见球形的全无机手性硅胶用作HPLC手性固定相。该文以无机球形介孔硅胶作为研究对象,通过堆砌硅珠法,以硅溶胶为原料,L-谷氨酸(L-Glu)为手性源,在手性环境中制造出脲醛树脂与胶体二氧化硅混合的小球,在550 ℃高温下煅烧除去树脂部分,制备基于L-Glu的无机介孔硅胶球。通过元素分析、红外光谱、扫描电镜、透射电镜和氮气吸附等表征证明这是一种具有规则球形的手性硅胶球,其手性来源于硅胶球自身的骨架和孔结构。将L-Glu手性硅胶球作为固定相制备了HPLC色谱柱,以正己烷-异丙醇(9∶1, v/v)作为流动相,流速为0.1 mL/min,考察了该手性柱对一系列外消旋化合物的拆分性能。实验表明,该手性柱拆分了15种外消旋化合物,其中特罗格尔碱、吡喹酮、3-苄氧基-1,2-丙二醇、1,2-环氧己烷、3-羟基-2-丁酮、2-甲基四氢呋喃-3-酮、异丙基缩水甘油醚达到基线分离;还分离了10种苯系位置异构体,o,m,p-氨基苯酚、o,p-氯苯酚、o,m,p-碘苯胺、o,m,p-甲苯胺、o,m,p-二硝基苯、o,m,p-氯苯胺、o,m,p-硝基苯酚、o,m,p-溴苯胺达到基线分离。实验表明,L-Glu手性硅胶球在手性分离方面具有良好的可行性,与普通硅胶相比不需要进一步修饰就可以有较好的手性分离效果,是一种低成本、制备便捷的手性无机硅胶固定相。     

Facile fabrication of hollow mesoporous silica nanospheres for superhydrophilic and visible/near-IR antireflection coatings

A series of hierarchically mesostructured silica nanoparticles (MSNs) less than 100 nm in size were fabricated by means of a one-step synthesis using dodecanethiol (C(12)-SH) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as the dual template, and trimethylbenzene (TMB) as the swelling agent. Silica nanoparticles with varied morphologies and structures, including mesoporous silica nanoparticles with tunable pore size, mesoporous silica nanoparticles with a thin solid shell, hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles with tunable cavity size, and hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles with a thin solid shell, were obtained by regulating the TMB/CTAB molar ratio and the stirring rate with the assistance of C(12)-SH. Silica particulate coatings were successfully fabricated by using MSNs with varied morphologies and structures as building block through layer-by-layer dip-coating on glass substrates. The thickness and roughness of the silica particulate coatings could be tailored by regulating the deposition cycles of nanoparticles. The silica particulate coatings composed of hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles with a thin shell (S2) increased the maximum transmittance of slide glass from 90 to 96%, whereas they reduced its minimum reflection from 8 to 2% at the optimized wavelength region that could be adjusted from visible to near-IR with a growing number of deposition cycles. The coatings also exhibited excellent superhydrophilic and antifogging properties. These mesostructured silica nanoparticles are also expected to serve as ideal scaffolds for biological, medical, and catalytic applications.     

Synthesis of silica hollow spheres assisted by ultrasound

A simple and effective method for synthesizing silica hollow spheres is presented. The synthesis utilizes vesicles from oppositely charged surfactants sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and tetrapropylammonium bromide (TPAB) aqueous solution as template for the silica growth. Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) is added to the vesicular template as a precursor for the silica formation. Ultrasound was employed to accelerate the formation of vesicles template. The morphology of the silica spheres is uniform and well-defined (diameter: 200 nm-5 microm, wall thickness: 50 nm). The product was also characterized by FTIR, TG-DTA, N2 adsorption. TEM images reveal that the spheres have structure stability after calcinations at 550 degrees C.     

Erythrocyte-like hollow carbon capsules and their application in proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Hierarchical nanostructured erythrocyte-like hollow carbon (EHC) with a hollow hemispherical macroporous core of ca. 230 nm in diameter and 30-40 nm thick mesoporous shell was synthesized and explored as a cathode catalyst support in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The morphology control of EHC was successfully achieved using solid core/mesoporous shell (SCMS) silica template and different styrene/furfuryl alcohol mixture compositions by a nanocasting method. The EHC-supported Pt (20 wt%) cathodes prepared have demonstrated markedly enhanced catalytic activity towards oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs) and greatly improved PEMFC polarization performance compared to carbon black Vulcan XC-72 (VC)-supported ones, probably due to the superb structural characteristics of the EHC such as uniform size, well-developed porosity, large specific surface area and pore volume. In particular, Pt/EHC cathodes exhibited ca. 30-60% higher ORR activity than a commercial Johnson Matthey Pt catalyst at a low catalyst loading of 0.2 mg Pt cm(-2).     

柔软的球状和长方体状氧化硅中空结构的制备研究

采用自组装形成的芘纳米结构作为模板,成功地制备了柔软的球状和长方体状氧化硅中空结构.当不同量的芘在十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)溶液中自组装时,产生的自组装结构展现出明显的从球状到长方体状的形貌变化.这些结构被用作氧化硅前驱体溶胶-凝胶反应的模板,获得了球状和长方体状氧化硅/芘复合结构.通过乙醇除去模板后,生成了柔软的球状(直径约为400nm)和长方体状(长为0.5—2.5μm)的氧化硅中空结构.这些结果展现了采用有机纳米结构作为模板来合成无机中空结构的优势:合成简便、结构多样以及结构形貌的灵活可控.     

Synthesis and utilization of monodisperse hollow polymeric particles in photonic crystals

We developed a process to fabricate 150-700 nm monodisperse polymer particles with 100-500 nm hollow cores. These hollow particles were fabricated via dispersion polymerization to synthesize a polymer shell around monodisperse SiO(2) particles. The SiO(2) cores were then removed by HF etching to produce monodisperse hollow polymeric particle shells. The hollow core size and the polymer shell thickness, can be easily varied over significant size ranges. These hollow polymeric particles are sufficiently monodisperse that upon centrifugation from ethanol they form well-ordered close-packed colloidal crystals that diffract light. After the surfaces are functionalized with sulfonates, these particles self-assemble into crystalline colloidal arrays in deionized water. This synthetic method can also be used to create monodisperse particles with complex and unusual morphologies. For example, we synthesized hollow particles containing two concentric-independent, spherical polymer shells, and hollow silica particles which contain a central spherical silica core. In addition, these hollow spheres can be used as template microreactors. For example, we were able to fabricate monodisperse polymer spheres containing high concentrations of magnetic nanospheres formed by direct precipitation within the hollow cores.