Scattering of a Plane Electromagnetic Wave by an Infinite Dihedral Wedge with a Slotted Cylinder at the Apex

The problem of scattering of a plane electromagnetic wave by a perfectly conducting dihedral wedge with a slotted cylinder at the apex in rigorous formulation is reduced to solving a system of linear algebraic equations for unknown coefficients of the Fourier expansion of the scattered field. The results of calculation of the far-zone field with a given accuracy are presented in the case of an E-polarized incident wave. It is shown that for a slot with a large opening angle, the radiation patterns of the field in the long-wavelength far zone has a shape similar to a cardioid and does not depend on the incident-wave direction and the dielectric permittivity of the cylinder. In the case of a narrow slot, the radiation-pattern shape depends significantly on the incidence angle of the wave.     

Diffraction of Electromagnetic Waves by an Anisotropic Cylindrical Inhomogeneity in a Planar Waveguide

We consider diffraction of electromagnetic waves by an anisotropic cylindrical inhomogeneity located in a planar waveguide with perfectly conducting walls. Anisotropy is allowed for by using the uniaxial-crystal approximation. A rigorous analytical solution is represented in the form of double sums over eigenfunctions of a planar waveguide with perfectly conducting walls and azimuthal eigenfunctions of a cylinder. Different components of the intensity of the electric field scatttered by an anisotropic inhomogeneity are numerically calculated. The influence of the anisotropy and sizes of the inhomogeneity on the scattered field is analyzed. __________ Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 48, No. 7, pp. 605–615, July 2005.     

Diffraction of a plane electromagnetic wave by a cylindrical wedge with a rounded apex

We reduce the rigorously formulated problem of diffraction of a plane electromagnetic wave by a perfectly conducting cylindrical wedge with a rounded apex to solving the system of linear algebraic equations of the second kind for unknown coefficients of the Fourier expansions of the diffracted-field components. The expansion coefficients are determined analytically in the long-wavelength approximation. The results of calculations of the diffracted field in the far zone are presented with a given accuracy in the case of an E-polarized wave. It is shown that the rounding of the apex of a cylindrical wedge leads to an increase in the backscattering coefficient of the structure in the long-wavelength range. __________ Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 51, No. 5, pp. 447–451, May 2008     

Average scattered field from a random PEC cylinder buried below a slightly rough surface

Scattering from a perfect electric conducting cylinder with random radius buried below a half space dielectric homogenous interface is studied. The cylindrical wave scattered by cylinder is expanded in terms of plane wave spectrum. Small perturbation method is used to study the interaction of each plane wave with the interface. The zeroth order term yields solution for a flat interface, whereas scattering from a rough surface is given by first-order term. Results are obtained for both TM and TE polarizations. Analytical expressions of the average scattered field are obtained and verified using numerical evaluation. Different scattering scenarios are simulated by varying the distribution of the radius. It is observed that average scattering cross section of an ensemble with normal/uniform distribution is almost equal to that of a cylinder with mean radius.     

Diffraction of a Plane Electromagnetic Wave by an Infinite Dihedral Wedge with a Magnetodielectric-Coated Cylinder at the Apex

We present a technique for obtaining a rigorous solution to the problem of diffraction of a plane electromagnetic wave by an infinite dihedral wedge with a magnetodielectric-coated cylinder at the apex. In the case of an E-polarized incident wave, we obtain a closed-form solution of the problem and present the results of exact calculations of the far-zone diffracted field for wide ranges of the structure parameters. In particular, it is shown that if the wedge apex is loaded with only a magnetodielectric cylinder, then the diffracted field for the very long-wavelength incident wave is not affected by the dielectric permittivity of the cylinder and the wave-incidence angle, but is affected only by the opening angle of the wedge, the diameter of the dielectric coating in terms of the free-space wavelength, the magnetic permeability of the coating, and the electric properties of the surrounding medium. If a half-plane or a wedge-shaped part are added to a single cylinder, then the backscattering coefficient of such a structure decreases, but the discovered resonance variation in the backscattering coefficient of the cylinder in the long-wavelength range becomes more pronounced.     

Suppression of diffraction overshoots near the edge of a perfectly conducting wedge by rotating the polarization ellipse of an incident wave

The effects of polarization suppression of diffraction spatial intensity variations are studied for a plane electromagnetic wave with elliptical polarization near the edge of a perfectly conducting rectangular wedge.     

Dyadic Green's functions for the perfectly conducting parabolic cylinder

Solutions of the scalar wave equation for parabolic cylinder coordinate system are discussed here. Dyadic Green's functions of the magnetic type for free space and for a perfectly conducting parabolic cylinder are developed. These functions are of fundamental importance for the solution of electromagnetic problems developed in the parabolic cylinder coordinate system, particularly those in the presence of perfectly conducting parabolic cylinders such as that of a parabolic cylinder reflector.     

Screening of low-frequency electric fields by a set of screens: A thin unclosed ellipsoidal sheath plus a thin-walled penetrable cylinder

The problem of penetration of a low-frequency electric field into a thin-walled infinitely long conducting cylinder with an ideally thin unclosed ellipsoidal perfectly conducting sheath on its axis is solved by the method of paired equations, which is combined with addition theorems and relevant averaged boundary conditions. The effect of the vertex angle of the unclosed ellipsoidal sheath on the coefficient of field attenuation inside the sheath is numerically evaluated for different screen geometries.     

柱状导体衍射级数

本文对于任意形状的光滑柱状理想导体的衍射提出一种级数解法。方法的原理与层变媒质的Bremmer级数相似:先以内接多面稜柱代替上述光滑柱体;将此稜柱产生的衍射场展为一个级数。级数之首项为几何光学场;级数之第二项为稜柱的所有各稜产生的元衍射场之和,其中每个元衍射场皆取Sommerfeld问题的解,即将该稜之两侧面视为半无限大的平面。上述每一元衍射场皆投射在其相邻稜上,并在相邻稜上发生衍射;这一衍射场随之又投射在下一个相邻稜上而发生衍射;依此类推。按此方式依次被各稜所衍射的场称为“主掠射元场”。级数之第三项即为这些主掠射元场之和。被某一稜A衍射而后又在相邻的稜B上衍射的某一元场,同样会回射到A上;然后以上述“主掠射”方式传递下去,这样的场称为“一次反射元场”。级数的第四项即为这些一次反射元场之和。依此类推。一般说来,级数之第m项(m>3)为m-3次反射元场之和。元场在任何一稜上的衍射皆取Sommerfeld解。当内接多面稜柱之面数趋向无穷,且每面之宽度趋向零时,多面稜柱即趋于光滑柱体,且级数每一项的求和变为一个积分。这时该级数总和之极限即为原问题之解。对级数之前三项单独进行了推导。对于一般的第m项(m>3),导出了一个递推公式。最后,对该级数之收敛条件进行了探讨。     

Diffraction of a plane wave from a wedge in a chiral medium

In a rigorous electrodynamic formulation, we have investigated diffraction of a plane wave in a chiral medium from a wedge with ideally conducting faces. The boundary-value problem is reduced to a system of functional equations which are transformed to Fredholm integral equations and singular integral equations. We have carried out an asymptotic analysis of the diffraction fields. The scattered field contains plane waves reflected by the faces and cylindrical waves due to the edges, having two opposite types of circular polarization, and also two refraction waves whose polarization corresponds to polarization of the slower characteristic wave in the chiral medium.This paper is dedicated to the memory of Professor M. S. Bobrovnikov.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 10, pp. 108–116, October, 1993.     

Scattering of an electromagnetic wave from a slightly random cylindrical surface: horizontal polarization

The scattering of an electromagnetic wave from a random cylindrical surface ir studied for a plane-wave incidence with S-(TE) polarization, by means ofthe stochastic scattering theory developed by Nakayama, Ogura. Sakati et al. The theory is based on the Wiener-Ito stochastic functional calculus combined with the group-theoretic consideration concerning the homogeneity of the random surface. The random surface is assumed to be a homogeneous Gaussian random field on the cylinder C, homogeneous with respect to the group of motiolrs on C: translations along the axis and rotations around the axis. An operator D operating on a random field on C is introduced in such a way that D keeps the homogeneous random surface invariant This gives a reprerentation of the cylbdrical group and commutes with the boundary condition and the Maxwell equation. Thus, for an injection of the mth cylindrical TE or TM wave, which is a vector eigenfunction of the D operator, the scattered random wave field is an eigenfunctiou with the same eigenvalue: it satisfies the Maxwell equation and is a stoch-tic Iunctional of the Gaussian random surface, BO that it can be expressed in a vector form of the Wiener-Ito expansion in t e m of TE and TM waves and orthogonal functional. of the Gaussian random measures associated with the random cylindrical surface. In the analysis the random surface is modelled by an approximate boundaiy condition representing a perfectly conducting cylindrical surface with a slight roughness. The boundary condition on the random cylinder is transformed into a hierarchy of equations for the Wiener kernels which can be solved approximately. The random wave field for a plane-wave injection is obtained by summing these fields over m. From the stochastic representation of the electromagnetic field so obtained, various statistical characteristics can be calculated the coherent scattering amplitude. total coherent power flow, incoherent power flow, differential sections for coherent rcatlerhig and incoherent scattering, etc. The power conservation law is cast into a stochastic electromagnetic version of the optical theorem stating that the total scatteiing cross section is given by the imaginary part of the forward coherent scattering amplitude. Numerical calculations are made for a planewave injection with S-(TE) polarization. The case of p-(TM) polarization can be treated in a similar manner.     

Diffraction on the wedge with an arbitrary angle

TE and TM polarized electromagnetic wave diffraction on a perfectly conductive wedge with arbitrary apex angle is numerically studied. Amathematical model for calculating the diffraction field amplitude and intensity is developed. The solution is constructed in the entire range of physical angles without restriction to the observation point remoteness. The diffraction and field interference effects near the wedge walls are studied.     

Scattering of electromagnetic waves from two-dimensional perfectly conducting random rough surfaces - study with the curvilinear coordinate method

We present a method giving the bi-static scattering coefficient of two-dimensional (2-D) perfectly conducting random rough surface illuminated by a plane wave. The theory is based on Maxwell's equations written in a nonorthogonal coordinate system. This method leads to an eigenvalue system. The scattered field is expanded as a linear combination of eigensolutions satisfying the outgoing wave condition. The boundary conditions allow the scattering amplitudes to be determined. The Monte Carlo technique is applied and the bi-static scattering coefficient is estimated by averaging the scattering amplitudes over several realizations. The random surface is represented by a Gaussian stochastic process. Results are compared to published numerical and experimental data. Comparisons are conclusive.     

Electromagnetic Casimir densities for a wedge with a coaxial cylindrical shell

Vacuum expectation values of the field square and the energy-momentum tensor for the electromagnetic field are investigated for the geometry of a wedge with a coaxial cylindrical boundary. All boundaries are assumed to be perfectly conducting, and both regions inside and outside the shell are considered. By using the generalized Abel–Plana formula, the vacuum expectation values are presented in the form of the sum of two terms. The first one corresponds to the geometry of the wedge without the cylindrical shell, and the second term is induced by the presence of the shell. The vacuum energy density induced by the shell is negative for the interior region and positive for the exterior region. The asymptotic behavior of the vacuum expectation values are investigated in various limiting cases. It is shown that the vacuum forces acting on the wedge sides due to the presence of the cylindrical boundary are always attractive. PACS 03.70.+k     

An improved perfectly matched layer for the eigenmode expansion technique

When performing optical simulations for rotationally symmetric geometries using the eigenmode expansion technique, it is necessary to place the geometry under investigation inside a cylinder with perfectly conducting walls. The parasitic reflections at the boundary of the computational domain can be suppressed by introducing a perfectly matched layer (PML) using e.g. complex coordinate stretching of the cylinder radius. However, the traditional PML suffers from an artificial field divergence limiting its usefulness. We show that the choice of a constant cylinder radius leads to mode profiles with exponentially increasing field amplitudes resulting in numerical instability. As a remedy we propose an improved PML based on a mode-dependent cylinder radius and mode profiles with stable field amplitudes. The new PML formulation eliminates the artificial field divergence and ensures numerical stability.     

二维随机粗糙面上导体目标复合瞬态散射的混合算法

提出用时域积分方程法(TDIE)与时域基尔霍夫近似法(TDKA)的混合算法来求解二维导体随机粗糙面及其上方二维导体目标的复合瞬态散射,推导出了在TM波入射情形下显式及隐式格式的时间步进方程.将粗糙面与目标分别进行TDKA和TDIE计算,并考虑目标与粗糙面之间的耦合,对TDKA和TDIE进行混合迭代,既大大降低了粗糙面求解的复杂度,又保证了计算精度.数值算例中,考虑了角反射器(开放体)和圆柱(封闭体)两种目标,分别计算了目标表面电流响应和电场远场响应.计算结果表明,和单纯TDIE法相比,本文混合方法计算效率 关键词： 随机粗糙面 复合瞬态散射 时域积分方程法和时域基尔霍夫近似法 混合算法     

Scattering of plane-waves by an impedance half-plane at the interface between isorefractive media

The scattering of plane waves by an impedance half-plane located at the interface of two isorefractive media is investigated. The scattered field, in addition to the diffracted and geometrical optics fields, is analyzed numerically and compared to the scattered field of perfectly conducting half-plane. The effect of the isorefractive media on the scattered field is also examined.     

Theory of electromagnetic wave propagation in a longitudinally periodic cylinder

Thinking of photonic crystals, we investigate the theory of electromagnetic wave propagation in a perfectly conducting semi-cylinder endowed with a periodic permittivity along its axis while its circular base is illuminated by an harmonic Bessel beam, symmetric around the cylinder axis. We prove that the Floquet-Bessel expansions of electromagnetic fields whose Floquet parts are solutions of a Mathieu equation. is a suitable tool to handle this kind of problems.     

Acoustic scattering by a circular cylinder parallel with another of small radius

The scattering of a plane acoustic wave by an infinite penetrable or impenetrable circular cylinder, parallel with another one, also penetrable or impenetrable, of acoustically small radius, is considered. The method of separation of variables, in conjunction with translational addition theorems for cylindrical wave functions, is used. Analytical expressions are obtained for the scattered pressure field and the various scattering cross sections, for normal incidence. Numerical results are given for penetrable and impenetrable cylinders.     

Casimir Torque for a Perfectly Conducting Wedge: A Canonical Quantum Field Theoretical Approach

The torque density per unit height exerted on a perfectly conducting wedge due to the quantum vacuum fluctuations (the Casimir torque) is obtained by calculating the vacuum-to-vacuum propagator (Green function) of a canonical quantum field. An erratum to this article is available at .