1999年全国高中联赛第三题的简解

题目　已知当ｘ∈［０,１］时,不等式ｘ２ｃｏｓθ－ｘ（１－ｘ）＋（１－ｘ）２ｓｉｎθ＞０恒成立,试求θ的取值范围．这是１９９９年全国高中数学联合竞赛试题第三题,下面给出一种有别于“标准答案”的简单解法．解　若对一切ｘ∈［０,１］,恒有ｆ（ｘ）＝ｘ２ｃｏｓθ－ｘ（１－ｘ）＋（１－ｘ）２ｓｉｎθ＞０,则　ｓｉｎθ＝ｆ（０）＞０,ｃｏｓθ＝ｆ（１）＞０,∴　２ｋπ＜θ＜２ｋπ＋π２,ｋ∈Ｚ．（１）又　ｆ（ｘ）＝（１＋ｓｉｎθ＋ｃｏｓθ）ｘ２－（１＋２ｓｉｎθ）ｘ＋ｓｉｎθ＝（１＋ｓｉｎθ＋ｃｏｓθ）［…     

一个有趣命题的推广

资料［１］第１６８页例５证明了下列命题：设抛物线Ｃ：ｙ２＝２ｐｘ（ｐ＞０）和定点Ｍ（２ｐ,０）,过Ｍ的动直线ｌ与抛物线Ｃ相交于Ｐ、Ｑ两点,Ｏ为坐标原点,则∠ＰＯＱ恒为直角;这个命题很有趣,本文将它做如下推广：定理　设抛物线Ｃ：ｙ２＝２ｐｘ（ｐ＞０）和定点Ｍ（ａ,０）（ａ＞０）,过Ｍ的动直线ｌ与抛物线Ｃ相交于Ｐ、Ｑ两点,Ｏ为坐标原点,∠ＰＯＱ＝θ（０＜θ＜π）．（１）若ａ＜２ｐ,则π２＜θ≤ａｒｃｃｏｓａ－２ｐａ＋２ｐ;（２）若ａ＝２ｐ,则θ＝π２;（３）若ａ＞２ｐ,则ａｒｃｃｏｓａ－２ｐａ＋２ｐ…     

一类函数最值的数形结合解法

本文用数形结合的方法,求解形如：ｆ（ｘ）＝ｍ＋ｎｘ－ｘ２－ｐ＋ｑｘ－ｘ２（ｎ２＋４ｍ＞０,ｑ２＋４ｐ＞０）的函数的最值,此函数的定义域非空．设方程ｍ＋ｎｘ－ｘ２＝０的两根为ａ、ｂ,且ａ＜ｂ;设ｐ＋ｑｘ－ｘ２＝０的两根为ｃ、ｄ,且ｃ＜ｄ．则ａ＝ｎ－ｎ２...     

亚纯函数的幅角分布及其增长性

本文考虑了亚纯函数的幅角分布及其增长性的关系，得到了如下定理：设ｆ（ｚ）为亚纯函数，下级μ（μ〈＋∞，ａｒｇｚ＝θｋ（ｋ＝１，２，…，ｑ；０≤θ１〈θ２〈…〈θｑ〈２π，θｑ＋１＝θ１＋２π）为ｑ（１≤ｑ〈＋∞）条半直线使对Ａ↓ε〉０有：ｌｉｍｒ→∞↑－ｌｏｇ＋ｎ↑－（∪ｋ＝１↑ｑΩ↑－（θｋ＋ε，θｋ＋１－ε；ｒ），ｆ＝ｘ）／ｌｏｇｒ≤ρ〈＋∞ ｘ＝０，∞则当存在一非负整数ｌ使ｆ＾（ｌ）（ｚ）（     

Poisson分布参数的渐近最优和可容许的经验Bayes估计

设Ｘ及（Ｘ１，Ｘ２…，Ｘｎ）分别为取自Ｐｏｉｓｓｏｎ分布Ｐ（θ）的当前样本和历史样本，参数θ的先验分布族Ｆ＝｛Γ（ｍ，β）：β＞０｝，其中ｍ＞０已知，Γ（ｍ，β）表示参数为（ｍ，β）的伽玛分布．对ｐ＞０，ｑ＞２的任意两个实数，记ｔｎ＝Ｘ＋∑ｎｉ＝１Ｘｉ＋ｐＸ＋∑ｎｉ＝１Ｘｉ＋ｐ＋ｑ＋（ｎ＋１）ｍ（Ｘ＋ｍ）则在平方损失函数ｌ（θ，ｄ）＝（θ－ｄ）２下，ｔｎ是θ的渐近最优和可容许的经验Ｂａｙｅｓ估计，而且收敛速度为Ｏ（１ｎ）．     

也谈实二次域类数的可除性

设ｄ无平方因子，ｈ（ｄ）是二次域Ｑ（ｄ）的类数，本文证明了：若１＋４ｋ２ｎ＝ｄａ２，ａ，ｋ＞１，ｎ＞２为正整数，且ａ＜０．９ｋ３５ｎ或ｎ的奇素因子ｐ和ｋ的素因子ｑ均适合（ｐ，ｑ－１）＝１，则除（ａ，ｄ，ｋ，ｎ）＝（５，４１，２，４）以外，ｈ（ｄ）≡０（ｍｏｄｎ）．同时，我们猜测：上述结果中的条件（ｐ，ｑ－１）＝１是不必要的．     

一个反应扩散过程的门槛结果

本文讨论反应扩散方程Ｃａｕｃｈｙ问题（ｕｔ－△ｕ＝ｕ＾ｐ－ｕ＾ｐ－ｕ，Ｘ∈Ｒ＾ｎ，ｔ∈（０，Ｔ），ｕ（ｘ，０）＝ｕ０（ｘ）≥０，Ｘ∈Ｒ＾ｎ，解的整体存在性，渐近性质和Ｂｌｏｗ－ｕｐ问题，其中１＜ｑ＜ｐ＜ｎ＋２／ｎ－２，ｎ≥３或者１＜ｑ＜ｐ＋∞，ｎ＝２．得到门槛结果。     

L~p Boundedness of Commutators of Calderón-Zygmund Singular Integral Operators

本文证明了当ｂ∈ＢＭＯ时，具有弱核的ＣａｌｄｅｒóｎＺｙｇｍｕｎｄ奇异积分算子的交换子［ｂ，Ｔ］ｆ＝ｂＴ（ｆ）－Ｔ（ｂｆ）是Ｌｐ（１＜ｐ＜∞）有界的．一个等价的命题是双线性算子ｇＴ（ｆ）－ｆＴ（ｇ）∈Ｈ１，只要ｆ∈Ｌｐ，ｇ∈Ｌｑ，１＜ｐ＜∞，１ｐ＋１ｑ＝１．     

Jacobi多项式零点为结点的Lagrange插值多项式之逼近

对于可微函数ｆ∈Ｃｑ［－１，１］，本文研究以Ｊａｃｏｂｉ多项式Ｊ（α，β）ｎ（ｘ）的零点为结点组之Ｌａｇｒａｎｇｅ插值多项式对ｆ及其导数的同时逼近，证明不等式Ｌ（ｓ）ｎ（ｆ，α，β，ｘ）－ｆ（ｓ）（ｘ）＝Ｏ（１）Δ－ｓｎ（ｘ）Δｑｎ（ｘ）ω（ｆ（ｑ），Δｎ（ｘ））ｌｏｇｎ｛＋（１－ｘ＋ｎ－１）－α－１２ｎ－ｑω（ｆ（ｑ），ｎ－１）｝，在［０，１］上对于ｓ＝０，１，２，…，ｑ一致成立，其中Δｎ（ｘ）＝ｎ－１１－ｘ２＋ｎ－２     

1997年高考24题的深刻背景

文［１］介绍了１９９７年高考（理科）２４题的命题思想，其最初形式为给定二次多项式ｆ（ｘ）＝ａｘ２＋ｂｘ＋ｃ，ａ＞０，设０＜ｘ１＜ｘ２＜１ａ，满足ｆ（ｘｉ）＝ｘｉ，ｉ＝１，２，证明：当０＜ｘ＜ｘ１时，（１）ｘ＜ｆ（ｘ）＜ｘ１；（２）存在０＜ｑ＜１，使得...     

Positive solutions for a weighted fractional system

In this article, we study positive solutions to the system{A_αu(x) = C_(n,α)PV∫_(Rn)(a1(x-y)(u(x)-u(y)))/(|x-y|~(n+α))dy = f(u(x), B_βv(x) = C_(n,β)PV ∫_(Rn)(a2(x-y)(v(x)-v(y))/(|x-y|~(n+β))dy = g(u(x),v(x)).To reach our aim, by using the method of moving planes, we prove a narrow region principle and a decay at infinity by the iteration method. On the basis of these results, we conclude radial symmetry and monotonicity of positive solutions for the problems involving the weighted fractional system on an unit ball and the whole space. Furthermore, non-existence of nonnegative solutions on a half space is given.     

Chaos in rational systems in the plane containing quadratic terms

Consider the following system of rational equations containing quadratic termsChaos in the sense of Li–Yorke is considered. This is based on the Marotto’s theorem via obtaining a snap-back repeller. In fact, first in a special case when $F_1=F_2=0$, we show that origin is a snap-back repeller and so the system has chaotic behavior in the sense of Li–Yorke under some conditions. Then in a more general case, we prove that existence of chaos in the sense of Li–Yorke for the above system.     

Blow-up for coupled nonlinear wave equations with damping and source

We consider the system of nonlinear wave equations $\{\begin{array}{cc}{u}_{tt}+u_t+{\left|u_t\right|}^{m?1}{u}_t=\mathrm{div}\left({\rho }_1\left({\left|?u\right|}^2\right)?u\right)+f_1(u,v)\text{,}\hfill & (x,t)\in \Omega \times (0,T)\text{,}\hfill \\ v_{tt}+v_t+{\left|v_t\right|}^{r?1}{v}_t=\mathrm{div}\left({\rho }_2\left({\left|?v\right|}^2\right)?v\right)+f_2(u,v)\text{,}\hfill & (x,t)\in \Omega \times (0,T)\text{,}\hfill \end{array}$ with initial and Dirichlet boundary conditions. Under some suitable assumptions on the functions$f_1$, $f_2$, ${\rho }_1$, ${\rho }_2$, parameters $r,m$ and the initial data, the result on blow-up of solutions and upper bound of blow-up time are given.     

Sharp threshold of blow-up and scattering for the fractional Hartree equation

We consider the fractional Hartree equation in the $L^2$-supercritical case, and find a sharp threshold of the scattering versus blow-up dichotomy for radial data: If $M{[u_0]}^{\frac{s?s_c}{s_c}}E[u_0]<M{[Q]}^{\frac{s?s_c}{s_c}}E[Q]$ and $M{[u_0]}^{\frac{s?s_c}{s_c}}{6u_{0}6}_{{\dot{H}}^s}^2<M{[Q]}^{\frac{s?s_c}{s_c}}{6Q6}_{{\dot{H}}^s}^2$, then the solution $u(t)$ is globally well-posed and scatters; if $M{[u_0]}^{\frac{s?s_c}{s_c}}E[u_0]<M{[Q]}^{\frac{s?s_c}{s_c}}E[Q]$ and $M{[u_0]}^{\frac{s?s_c}{s_c}}{6u_{0}6}_{{\dot{H}}^s}^2>M{[Q]}^{\frac{s?s_c}{s_c}}{6Q6}_{{\dot{H}}^s}^2$, the solution $u(t)$ blows up in finite time. This condition is sharp in the sense that the solitary wave solution $e^{it}Q(x)$ is global but not scattering, which satisfies the equality in the above conditions. Here, Q is the ground-state solution for the fractional Hartree equation.