一种锗晶体光码盘的分划制作工艺研究

为了在锗晶体光坯上制作出满足要求的码盘图案,分别采用正性光刻胶和负性光刻胶,先镀膜后照相和先照相后镀膜的工艺路线进行工艺实验,并对实验结果进行分析,得出结论:用负性光刻胶按先照相后镀膜的工艺路线为锗晶体光码盘分划制作工艺的最佳方案。实验结果表明:加工出的图案明暗对比度大、边缘不均匀性小于0.008 mm,可实际应用于锗晶体上分划图案的制作。     

一种新型光纤高温计的研制

 基于国产GDB159/142光电倍增管（PMT）,采用光纤传输并结合二向色分光原理研制了高速光学高温计系统,测量波长覆盖340～811 nm,响应时间2～3 ns,可测量2 500～15 000 K的冲击温度。脉冲线性检测结果表明,6个通道的动态线性均大于200 mV（50 Ω负载）。给出了溴钨灯光谱辐照度标定方法和动态应用实例。     

一种刚体角动量守恒演示仪的设计制作

本文就一种刚体角动量守恒演示仪的制作进行了阐述,为相关仪器的制作提供了参考,交流了制作经验.     

高场铁基超导内插线圈制作工艺的研究

铁基高场内插线圈制作工艺及性能测试技术开发研究是进行铁基超导体设计的关键内容,其关系着制造的铁基超导体是否稳定可靠。在正式进行铁基线圈绕制前,开展了线圈绕制过程中相关力学分析以及全尺寸模型线圈的研制工作。本文对线圈绕制张力及线圈预紧力进行了计算并分析,同时详细地给出模型线圈的绕制、热处理、真空压力环氧浸渍(VPI)和装配等工艺方法与流程,解决绕制期间出现的问题。最终确定不锈钢带绕制张力取5 kg(49 N),铁基超导带材绕制张力取2 kg(19.6 N),线圈最大径向应力及最大轴向应力分别为23.5 MPa及78 MPa,均小于铁基带材热处理前抗拉强度200 MPa,模型线圈的绕制、热处理制度、VPI工艺及装配结果等均满足设计要求,验证了制作工艺的可行性。     

一种新型冲击磁铁的理论分析和模拟计算

在国际上已有的冲击磁铁方案不能完全满足BEPCⅡ储存环注入系统对冲击磁铁宽均匀场区、高均匀度和低束流阻抗的设计要求的情况下,提出了一种新型冲击磁铁的设计思想.理论分析和瞬态OPERA程序模拟计算的结果表明,在Δx=±20mm的范围内,中心平面上场的均匀性为±0.6%,y=5mm的平面上场的均匀性为±0.7%,y=10mm的平面上场的均匀性为±2.9%,均优于BEPCⅡ储存环注入对冲击磁铁的设计要求.MAFIA程序模拟计算的束流阻抗Z/n(eff)小于0.022Ω,小于设计要求的0.025Ω.     

一种新颖、直观的变频器的设计与制作

变频技术是现代高端科学技术领域的一项新技术,为能很好地演示各元器件跟频率的特性关系,利用身边器材创新设计一种新颖直观的变频器,特别适合研究与频率有关的元件特性,并能很好地在课堂上、课外活动和科普工作中演示与应用。     

一种新型SOG周期可调光栅的制作及其衍射性能测试

研制了一种基于微光机电系统(MOEMS)技术的新型微型可编程光栅——周期可调光栅。该光栅采用玻璃体上硅(SOG)加工工艺,静电梳齿驱动,具有操作简单、连续可调和宽调制等特点。该光栅在静电驱动力的作用下,周期的变化引起特定级次下单色光衍射角的变化及复色光光谱的偏移。针对该光栅的衍射特性,设计及搭建两套光学系统,根据光栅结构设计参数的理论计算与测量结果基本一致,充分表明该光栅能对光具有良好的调制作用。为该器件在微型光谱仪和光开关的应用提供了技术参考。     

浅谈印制电路板的一种清洗工艺

焊接是电子设备的生产中的重要步骤,焊接后必须进行清洗才能保证电子设备的可靠性、电气指标和工作寿命。鉴于军工产品必须要清洗,所以清洗工艺对于军工产品尤为重要。文中介绍了清洗的重要性,讨论了印制电路板污染物的种类和来源分析,提出了一种可靠的清洗工艺——溶剂气相清洗。气相清洗通常被认为是去除零件上有机污垢的一种最有效的清洁方法,这种方法甚至能去除工业中遇到的最为顽固的污垢。在溶剂蒸气清洗机中清洁后的零件从机器中出来时是干燥的,而且表面无任何残留物。     

一种用于制作数字合成全息图的光学全息元件

介绍了两种新型的应用于数字合成全息图的光学全息元件——全息柱面镜的制作原理及方法,并研究了其性能情况,表明全息柱面镜可以将光散射在焦平面上并且不会破坏图像的平面特征,可以有效改进图像质量提高光能利用率。     

一种光强正交调制的新型线性位移传感器研究

介绍了一种光强正交调制式新型线性位移检测方法。该方法采用基于光强正交变化的两路电驻波合成电行波信号,将空间位移的变化调制到电行波信号相位差的变化上,用鉴相的方法实现空间位移的测量。为了优化传感参数并提高测量精度,对传感器不同参数条件下光场分布情况与误差特性进行了研究。根据其结构特征,对光场分布引起的测量误差进行分析,并利用Tracepro软件建立三维光场仿真模型,对不同参数条件下光场分布进行分析;再通过实验验证,得到不同参数与误差特性之间的关系;根据仿真和实验结果,对传感器参数进行优化设计。初步实验表明:在108mm测量范围内,传感器精度达到±0.5μm。为此新型传感器优化设计和精度提高提供了可靠的理论依据和技术支持。     

铜箔碳掺杂对化学气相沉积生长的六方氮化硼中含碳色心的高效制备及其调控

缺陷和掺杂对材料的力学、 电子和光学性能均具有重要影响. 六方氮化硼(Hexagonal Boron Nitride, hBN)由于具有a6 eV 的宽带隙, 其中的点缺陷可以在带隙内产生发射波长覆盖近紫外-近红外波段的室温稳定发光的深能级色心, 是量子光源等光学的理想载体. 近年来的实验和理论研究表明, 碳缺陷是h-BN 可见光波段单光子发射的主要可能来源之一; 然而, 当前对h-BN 中碳缺陷的有效制备和精确调控仍存在挑战. 本文报道了一种有效方法, 通过在化学气相沉积(Chemicalvapordeposition, CVD) 过程中预先控制用于催化生长h-BN 的铜箔衬底中的碳含量, 制备得到了不同密度的零声子发射(Zero-phononlines, ZPL)波长位于626±3 nm 的色心; 此外, 我们还观察到气氛退火对色心发光显著的调控作用. 该色心优良的单色性和可调控性有助于推动基于h-BN 的量子光源和光子学器件的潜在应用, 对理解h-BN 中碳缺陷的形成亦具有重要意义.     

一组新型络合物晶体结构与光学性能的研究

研究了二氯三烯丙基硫脲合镉(ATCC),二氯三烯丙基硫脲合汞(ATMC)和二溴三烯丙基硫脲合镉(ATCB)三种晶体的结构特点.首次报道了ATMC和ATCB晶体的非线性光学系数及倍频性能;文中分析比较了三种晶体的非线性光学性能;讨论了晶体结构与性能的关系,为探索高效非线性光学新材料提供依据.     

微小尺寸立方氮化硼晶体蓝紫光发射光谱的测量与分析

对于微小尺寸的N型宽禁带立方氮化硼(CBN)半导体晶体,在施加恒稳电场的情况下,观察到电致发光现象。通过置CBN单晶样品于光栅单色仪抛物面反射镜焦点的方法,对于CBN的蓝紫光辐射获得了测试系统的最大入射光通量和理想的信噪比。在350～450 nm波长范围内,CBN加上4.7×106 V·cm-1恒稳电场条件下,测量出立方氮化硼的蓝紫光发射光谱。同时,结合基于第一性原理的GGA方法计算出的立方氮化硼能带结构和电子态密度,以及测量得到的非线性j-E关系和电击穿特性,讨论了发光机理。提出了在雪崩击穿前的缺陷偶极子极化和击穿后,产生大量的激发态电子,电子在Γ能谷和X能谷间迁移的发光机制。     

用(e,2e)电子碰撞电离测量乙烯分子中的扭曲波效应

利用新一代高性能（e,2e）电子动量谱仪,在400-2400 eV的大范围入射电子能量条件下,测量了乙烯分子电子密度的动量分布.实验测量的乙烯1b3g轨道电子动量分布与平面波冲量近似的理论计算结果相比,在低动量区和高动量区出现明显的上翘（turn up）效应,并且此上翘效应随着入射电子能量的增加而逐渐减小.进一步的分析证实由于分子的扭曲波效应引起1b3g轨道动量分布在低动量区和高动量区的上翘.实验测量结果将对分子扭曲波理论计算的建立提供实验依据.     

Combinatorial study of phase transformation characteristics of a Ti-Ni-Pd shape memory thin film composition spread in view of microactuator applications

Phase transformation characteristics of a Ti-Ni-Pd shape memory thin film composition spread have been investigated. The thin film composition spread was fabricated from elemental targets using an ultra-high vacuum combinatorial magnetron sputter-deposition system and subsequent annealing at 500 °C for 1 h in situ. Automated temperature-dependent resistance measurements (R(T)), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and X-ray diffraction measurements (XRD) have been applied for the high-throughput characterization of the composition spread. Reversible phase transformations within the measurement range of −40 to 250 °C within the Ti-Ni-Pd system were observed for compositions with Ti content between 50 and ∼59 at.%. For Ti-richer films, Ti₂Ni and Ti₂Pd precipitates are inhibiting reversible phase transformations. The transformation temperatures and the thermal hysteresis were determined from R(T) measurements. Rising transformation temperatures with increasing Pd content and significantly lower thermal hysteresis for the B2-B19, compared to the B2-R-B19′ transformations were found in good agreement with published data. For low Pd contents (<7-12 at.%, depending on the Ti content) two-stage B2-R-B19′ transformations were observed. Compositions with higher Pd contents showed a single-stage B2-B19 transformation. Increasing Ti content within the B2-B19 transformation region results in a linear increase of the thermal hysteresis and decreasing transformation temperatures.     

Star-shaped oligo(ethylene glycol) ethers (OEGE) as a new type of plasticizer for polymer gel electrolytes

Star-shaped oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ethers (three and four arm molecules of various molecular weights) were synthesized and characterized with regard to viscosity, thermal transitions, ability to solvate the electrolyte LiCF₃SO₃ and the ionic conductivity of their LiCF₃SO₃ solutions in comparison to linear oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ethers. Polymer gel electrolytes were prepared by photopolymerization of tri(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (EG₃DMA) or its copolymerization with the polar comonomer cyanomethyl methacrylate (CyMA) in the presence of the oligo(ethylene glycol) ethers mentioned above and of the electrolyte LiCF₃SO₃. The gels were characterized concerning their thermal transitions, thermo-mechanical properties, their ability to solvate the electrolyte and their ionic conductivity. In comparison to the linear plasticizers the star-shaped ones show a distinctly lower tendency to crystallize, which is even completely suppressed in several cases. Intensified ion association was found in LiCF₃SO₃ solutions of the star-shaped plasticizers, if the number of the ethylene glycol units per arm was lower than 4. Therefore, the conductivity of the solutions and the gels was lower than that with linear plasticizers at room temperature. The modification of the polymer matrix by copolymerization with 20 mol% CyMA resulted in a maximum of the ionic conductivity σ≈1×10⁻⁵ S/cm of gels with star-shaped plasticizers at 25 °C.     

用(e, 2e)电子碰撞电离测量乙烯分子中的扭曲波效应

利用新一代高性能（e,2e）电子动量谱仪,在400—2400 eV的大范围入射电子能量条件下,测量了乙烯分子电子密度的动量分布.实验测量的乙烯1b3g轨道电子动量分布与平面波冲量近似的理论计算结果相比,在低动量区和高动量区出现明显的上翘（turn up）效应,并且此上翘效应随着入射电子能量的增加而逐渐减小.进一步的分析证实由于分子的扭曲波效应引起1b3g轨道动量分布在低动量区和高动量区的上翘.实验测量结果将对分子扭曲波理论计算的建立提供实验依据.     

Analysis and design of electromagnetic crystals in microstrip technology using a fibre grating model

Electromagnetic crystals (EC) in microstrip technology have been recently proposed as efficient Bragg reflectors. They are implemented by etching the ground plane or by drilling the substrate following a periodic pattern. In this paper we propose a simple and fast fibre Bragg grating (FBG)-based model for the synthesis and analysis of these microstrip ECs with sinusoidal patterns. The method rests on the analogy found between the frequency responses of a microstrip EC and a FBG. Based on this analogy, an equivalence relationship between the physical parameters of a microstrip EC and those of an equivalent FBG has been established. The equivalence assures that the frequency response of the microstrip EC is a down-shifted replica of the one corresponding to its equivalent FBG. This model avoids the use of the time-consuming electromagnetic calculations involved in the analysis of the microstrip ECs as well as the trial method employed until now in the synthesis, since a FBG response arises immediately from coupled-mode theory. At the same time the theoretical difficulties encountered in the formal derivation of coupled-mode theory for microstrip ECs are also avoided by the equivalence relationship found.     

The influence of UV-irradiation and support type on surface properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) thin films

Thin poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films were prepared by a solution casting on different supports (glass and aluminium plates with different gloss). UV-irradiation (λ = 254 nm) was used for polymer modification. Surface properties of PMMA were studied by contact angle measurements, attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy and optical microscopy. It was found that support type has no influence on surface properties of virgin PMMA, however, the changes in these properties were observed during UV modification of polymer film. The most efficient photochemical reactions appeared in sample placed on the rough Al, whereas the smallest effect was observed in polymer on the glass.     

Evolution of spiral wave and pattern formation in a vortical polarized electric field

In this paper, the evolution of the pattern transition induced by the vortical electric field （VEF） is investigated. Firstly, a scheme is suggested to generate the VEF by changing the spatial magnetic field. Secondly, the VEF is imposed on the whole medium, and the evolutions of the spiral wave and the spatiotemporal chaos are investigated by using the numerical simulation. The result confirms that the drift and the breakup of the spiral wave and the new net-like pattern are observed when different polarized fields are imposed on the whole medium respectively. Finally, the pattern transition induced by the polarized field is discussed theoretically.