杂多酸催化合成丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯

杂多酸（盐）作为性能优良的酸性、氧化性或二者兼具的双功能催化剂应用在许多有机合成反应中［１］，其中有些反应已成功实现了工业化［２］，因此近年来有关杂多酸（盐）催化反应的应用研究倍受关注．丙烯酸２乙基己酯（简称ＨＡ）是重要的高分子单体，与其它单体进...     

磷钼酸和磷钼钒酸及其盐的氧化还原特性

本文以硫酸为支持电解质,在水-1,4-二氧六环混合溶剂中,用电化学方法研究了Keggin结构的H₃PMo₁₂O₄₀、M₃PMo₁₂O₄₀(M=NH₄,Na,K)、H₄PMo₁₁VO₄₀及M_nH_4-nPMo₁₁VO₄₀(M=Na,La,K,Eu;对于Na和La,n=1～4,对于K,n=4;对于Eu,n=2)的氧化还原特性。还分析了钼和钒的氧化还原顺序及其可逆性。     

杂多酸的固载化─关于制备负载型酸催化剂的一般原理

杂多酸同时具有酸和氧化－还原的催化特性，有着很广泛的应用前景．这类化合物在一系列精细合成中取代硫酸作为催化剂以满足环保的要求，显示出了很大的潜力．杂多酸固载化后，不仅能在液相氧化和酸催化反应中把催化剂从反应介质中很方便地分离出来，而且还为这类均相催化反应的多相化，甚至利用催化蒸馏新工艺等创造了应有的条件，可以使生产工艺大大简化，获得更广泛的应用．本文以很好表征过的多种孔性材料，包括氧化物，如Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３、ＳｉＯ_２、ＴｉＯ_２、硅藻土、膨润土和来源不同的活性炭为载体，考察了负载杂多酸催化剂的催化活性．在大量前期工作的基础上，通过总结载体对固载杂多酸催化活性的影响等，探讨载体的内在性质在杂多酸固载、吸附和催化反应中的作用本质，为由吸附法制备各种负载型固体酸催化剂在液相中的应用提供可资参考的模型．     

Etherification of Methanol with Propylene Oxide Catalyzed by Heteropolyacids

ＥｔｈｅｒｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆＭｅｔｈａｎｏｌｗｉｔｈＰｒｏｐｙｌｅｎｅＯｘｉｄｅＣａｔａｌｙｚｅｄｂｙＨｅｔｅｒｏｐｏｌｙａｃｉｄｓＺＨＡＯＢｅｎ－ｌｉａｎｇ;ＸＵＧｕｉ－ｙｉｎｇ;ＬＩＢｉｎａｎｄＬＩＵＪｉｎｇ－ｆｕ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＣ...     

马来酸二丁酯的杂多酸催化合成及动力学研究

考察了无机酸（如硫酸、盐酸）和新型杂多酸（如磷钨酸、硅钨酸）为催化剂,催化合成马来酸二丁酯的反应。结果表明,对于两类催化剂,其酯收率相当;确定了杂多酸催化合成马来酸二丁酯的反应级数为二级;PW12和SiW12杂多酸催化剂的表观活化能分别为60.4和57.0kJ/mol。     

杂多酸催化研究新进展

杂多酸催化剂泛指杂多酸及其盐 ,是一类由中心原子 (即杂原子 ,如 P、 Si等 )和配位原子 (即多原子 ,如 Mo、 W等 )通过氧原子桥联方式进行空间组合的多氧簇金属配合物 (polyoxometalate) ,作为催化材料广泛应用于均相与多相催化反应体系 .近年来 ,杂多酸在催化领域中受到越来越多关注 ,主要原因是 :1 .随着石油化工与精细化工的发展 ,催化材料的多功能性成为研究的新目标 .杂多酸是一种酸碱性与氧化还原性兼具的双功能型催化剂 ,对于新催化过程的研究具有重要意义 ;2 .随着分子“剪裁”技术的迅速兴起 ,新型催化材料层出不穷 .杂多酸的阴…     

电场敏感性聚(丙烯酸-co-丙烯酸甲酯)凝胶的合成和性能

以丙烯酸、丙烯酸甲酯为单体,亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,过硫酸铵为引发剂,N,N-四甲基乙二胺为促进剂,合成了一系列电场敏感性凝胶.研究了氯化钠溶液,pH缓冲溶液对凝胶平衡溶胀度的影响,并测定了所得电场敏感性凝胶在电场作用下的脱水行为.研究结果表明,所得凝胶具有很好的电场敏感性.此外,初步讨论了该类电场敏感性凝胶的电致收缩机理.     

Catalytic Chemistry of Supported Heteropolyacids and Their Applications as Solid Acids to Industrial Processes

This article reviews recent research and development of supported heteropolyacid (HPA) catalysts; focusing on the acidic and catalytic properties. First the basic knowledge of solid HPAs is provided briefly to facilitate understanding of heterogeneous catalysis of HPAs. Secondly, the structure as well as the physical and chemical properties of supported HPA catalysts is described. Especially the layer structure of HPA dispersed on the surface of SiO₂ and the changes in the surface acidity with the loading level of HPA are discussed. For this purpose, temperature programmed desorption of benzonitrile devised by Okuhara and Kamiya’s group is useful. This method is capable to assess the surface acidity of the supported HPA, which controls the catalytic activity for the reactions proceeding by surface-type catalysis. Then, two new industrial processes developed by Showa Denko K. K. are described; (i) production of ethyl acetate from ethylene and acetic acid and (ii) oxidation of ethylene to acetic acid. Supported HPA catalysts are utilized for both processes, which were recently much improved by finely controlling the catalysts and reaction conditions.     

Fluorescence Behavior of Anthracene in Composite System of PBA/PS

The fluorescence emission behavior of anthracene (An) wrapt in the film cast from poly (butyl acrylate)/polystyrene composite emulsion prepared by seed emulsion polymerization was determined. The result shows that the emission spectra are sensitive to the environment of the probe An. The volatilization of solvent under film-forming will enhance the luminous emission.The heat treatment to film will weaken the fluorescence and shift the signals towards higher frequency.     

CdS纳米棒/酞菁氧钛复合光导体的光电导性能

采用以溶剂热方法合成的CdS纳米棒与酞菁氧钛复合制备的复合光导体,在570nm光照下其光电导性能明显提高,将质量分数为5%的CdS纳米棒与TiOPc复合使光敏性能提高32%.电子结构的数据和表面光电压谱分析结果表明,复合体系中存在从CdS纳米棒到TiOPc的光致空穴转移,TiOPc因被CdS纳米棒敏化而表现出高的光电导性能.     

硅钨杂多酸在中孔全硅分子筛HMS上的固载及其催化性能

用十二烷基胺代替传统的季铵盐合成了中孔全硅分子筛ＨＭＳ，并将硅钨杂多酸浸渍固载在ＨＭＳ上，用ＸＲＤ，ＦＴ－ＩＲ以及ＮＨ３－ＴＰＤ等手段对ＨＭＳ及不同负载量的焙烧温度的负载论剂进行了表征，即使在固载量为５０％的ＳｉＷ１２／ＨＭＳ中，ＳｉＷ１２仍保持其Ｋｅｇｇｉｎ结构产均匀分布在载体表面上，没有ＳｉＷ１２晶相生成，同时，在气－固相反应体系中研究了固载在ＨＭＳ上的ＳｉＷ１２在合成乙酸丁酯中的催化性能，实     

壳多糖与丙烯酸丁酯的乳液接枝共聚研究

以十二烷基苯磺酸钠为乳化剂，过硫酸钾－亚硫酸氢钠为引发剂，研究了壳多糖与丙烯酸丁醋的乳液共聚合，结果表明当［Ｋ２Ｓ２Ｏ８］＝［ＮａＨＳＯ３］＝２．５７×１０－３ｍｏｌ·１－１，［ＢＡ］＝０．６８ｍｏｌ．１－１，［Ｃｈｉｔｏｓａｎ］＝１９．２ｇ·ｌ－１，在７０℃下反应５小时，共聚反应的接技率和接枝效率均较高．用红外光谱，差热分析，Ｘ射线衍射，扫描电镜对接技共聚物进行了表征，此外测试了共聚物胶乳成膜的机械性能，表明用丙烯酸丁酯对壳多糖进行接枝改性，可提高壳多糖的韧性，扩大其应用范围．     

铁系固体酸催化剂的制备及催化合成水杨酸酯

制备了铁系固体酸催化剂(Ⅰ)并将其用于催化合成水杨酸酯，优化了反应条件：当Ⅰ用量为投料质量的6．1％，mol酸：mol醇=1：4，适当提高反应温度，合成水杨酸戊酯的反应时间可缩短至3h，产率达91．3％。合成其它水杨酸酯时也取得很高的产率。通过对比，Ⅰ的催化酯化能力优于Fe2O3／SO4^2-固体超强酸催化剂，套用6次后催化性能基本保持不变。     

磷钨酸催化合成丙烯酸丁酯

用磷钨酸为催化剂 ,由丙烯酸和丁醇直接酯化合成了丙烯酸丁酯。研究了醇 /酸比、酯化时间、催化剂用量、带水剂用量对酯化率的影响 ;选择了最佳反应条件 ,重复反应酯化率达到 95 %以上。     

An Efficient Synthesis of 3H‐1,5‐Benzodiazepine Derivatives Catalyzed by Heteropolyacids as a Heterogeneous Recyclable Catalyst

3H‐1,5‐benzodiazepines were synthesized by the condensation of o‐phenylendiamine and various 1,3‐diketones in the presence of various heteropolyacid (HPA) catalysts under mild conditions in very good yields and with high selectivity.     

硅基交联聚酸正丁酯反相HPLC固定相的研究

采用硅胶表面直接交联聚合法，制备了硅基交联聚丙烯酸正丁酯反相高效液相色谱固定相。用红外、扫描电镜和元素分析等方法对固定对进行了表征。考察了固定相对含氧芳烃衍生物的分离。     

Microstructure determination of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone/butyl acrylate copolymers by NMR spectroscopy

The copolymer composition of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone/butyl acrylate (V/B) copolymers was determined from the quantitative ¹³C{¹H} NMR spectra. The monomer reactivity ratios for N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (V) and butyl acrylate (B) were found to be r_V=0.11±0.07, r_B=0.54±0.19, using the Kelen–Tudos and non-linear least-square error-in-variable (EVM) methods. The ¹³C{¹H} and ¹H NMR spectra of these copolymers are overlapping and complex. The complete spectral assignment of the carbon and proton NMR spectra were done by employing distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) and two-dimensional (2D) ¹³C–¹H heteronuclear single quantum correlation spectroscopy experiments. The 2D total correlation spectroscopy (TOCSY) (¹H–¹H homonuclear TOCSY) NMR spectrum was used to ascertain the various geminal and vicinal couplings in the copolymer.     

Rate enhancement for nitroxide stable free radical polymerization of n‐butyl acrylate by dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid

Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, DDBSA, was chosen as a new rate‐accelerating additive for 2,2,6,6,‐teramethyl‐1‐piperidinyloxy (TEMPO)‐mediated stable free radical polymerization of n‐butyl acrylate (n‐BA) monomers with 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN). It was found that the number‐average molecular weight of polymers could reach about ten thousand with a narrow polydispersity index (PDI) of 1.4 in a few minutes, which was faster than other systems reported previously. But, at higher conversion, the molecular weight distribution of polymers became broad, and a bimodal distribution occurred. The macro‐initiators isolated from the former polymers with narrow PDI could be extended by polymerization with monomers by the addition of DDBSA. Furthermore, a proposed kinetic model demonstrated that the decay of the concentration of DDBSA would reduce the living polymer concentration and retard the growth of the polymers, which could be further propagated by the supplement of DDBSA. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 42–49, 2005     

Acrylonitrile Copolymerizations. III. Flash Pyrolysis of Methyl Methacrylate and Styrene Copolymers

Flash pyrolysis of the copolymers acrylonitrile-methyl methacrylate and acrylonitrile-styrene has been carried out over the whole range of compositions, and yields of the monomers have been measured. In the first case, all of the methyl methacrylate is recovered as monomer except when a unit is isolated between two acrylonitrile segments. However, the yield in acrylonitrile monomer is lower; it corresponds to the units isolated between long sequences of methyl methacrylate plus the isolated acrylonitrile diads. The agreement between the calculated and experimental yields is excellent only if one takes into account the penultimate effects. In the second case, however, it is not possible to deduce a quantitative interpretation of the yields of either styrene or acrylonitrile monomers.     

PHOTOINDUCED GRAFTING OF ACRYLIC AND ALLYL MONOMERS ON POLYETHYLENE SURFACE

Photoinduced grafting of acrylic and allyl monomers on polyethylene surface wasgenerally studied by using benzophenone (BP) as a photoinitiator. The grafting process wascarried out either in vapor-phase or in solution of the monomers. In the vapor-phase reactionwith a filter used to cut off the short wavelength UV light, allyl amine is the most reactive ofthe four monomers used and acrylic amide is comparatively more reactive than acrylic acid andallyl alcohol. Acetone, as a solvent and carrier for initiator and monomers, however, showsits reactivity to participate the reaction. The solution grafting with a filter is much faster thanthe corresponding vapor-phase reaction, and a fully covered surface by the grafted polymercan be achieved in this way.